為了響應公司需求,打造出更安全的mysql叢集,能夠實現mysql故障後切換,研究了幾天終於有了成果,一起分享一下。
首先介紹一下這套叢集方案實現的功能
1、mysql伺服器故障後自動轉移,修好後自動切回
2、mysql服務故障自動轉移,修好後自動切回
3、可以實現在幾秒鐘內轉移
以下內容均是實驗環境,請根據實際情況修改響應引數
實驗環境:
mysql1 ip:10.1.1.20
mysql2 ip:10.1.1.21
mysql vip:10.1.1.25
三臺機器均安裝centos 6.5 32位(虛擬機器環境)
實驗開始!!!
一、安裝mysql,並打造主主同步。
相信主從同步大家都會做,一樣的道理,主主同步就是兩臺機器互為主的關係,在任何一臺機器上寫入都會同步。
安裝mysql的過程不解釋,yum就好啦
配置主主同步
1.配置 /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-bin=binlog #開啟binlog功能 log-bin-index=binlog.index sync_binlog=0 server_id = 1 #兩臺機器不能重複,一個1 一個2 就好 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2.分別在兩臺機器上配置同步賬號
10.1.1.20機器上: [root@localhost ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.0.77-log Sourcedistribution Type `help;` or `h` for help. Type `c` toclear the buffer. mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO`ab`@`%` identified by `123`; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
10.1.1.21機器上: [root@localhost ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.0.77-log Sourcedistribution Type `help;` or `h` for help. Type `c` toclear the buffer. mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO`ab`@`%` identified by `123`; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
注:由於本文是實驗環境下編寫,所以沒考慮任何安全性問題,同步賬號也是最高許可權,請根據實際情況設定響應許可權!!
3.設定同步
10.1.1.20機器上: mysql> flush tables with read lock; mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | binlog.000003 | 365 | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec) mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) 10.1.1.21機器上: mysql> change master tomaster_host=`10.1.1.20`, master_port=3306, master_user=`ab`,master_password=`123`, master_log_file=`binlog.000003`,master_log_pos=365; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status G #執行這命令後 注意觀察下面這兩個引數,必須要都是yes才行 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
同樣的 反過來做相同操作
10.1.1.21機器上: mysql> flush tables with read lock; mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | binlog.000004 | 207 | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec) mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) 10.1.1.20機器上: mysql> change master tomaster_host=`10.1.1.21`, master_port=3306, master_user=`ab`,master_password=`123`, master_log_file=`binlog.000004`,master_log_pos=207; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status G #執行這命令後 注意觀察下面這兩個引數,必須要都是yes才行 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
介此,主主同步打造完成,可以簡單測試一下,分別在兩個機器上寫資料 看看會不會同步到另一臺機器上
PS:如果報錯 Slave_IO_Running: NO 可以檢查同步的賬號是否建立正常!
二、安裝keepalived 並設定監控
keepalived是安裝在兩臺MySQL伺服器上的
首先安裝keepalived 過程不解釋就正常解壓安裝就好
安裝後配置 vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 內容如下
10.1.1.20的配置檔案
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state backup #兩臺配置此處均是BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 #優先順序,另一臺改為90 advert_int 1 nopreempt #不搶佔,只在優先順序高的機器上設定即可,優先順序低的機器不設定 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.1.1.25 } } virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 #會話保持時間 protocol TCP real_server 10.1.1.20 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh #檢測到mysql服務掛了就執行這個指令碼(指令碼要自己寫哈) TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 #連線超時時間 nb_get_retry 3 #重連次數 delay_before_retry 3 #重連間隔時間 connect_port 3306 #健康檢查埠 } } }
10.1.1.21 的配置檔案
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state backup interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.1.1.25 } } virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 10.1.1.21 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 3306 } } }
編寫監控mysql服務是否掛了的指令碼,按照上面配置檔案的位置編寫指令碼。
vim /tmp/nimei.sh
#!/bin/sh pkill keepalived
指令碼很簡單啊 就一句,目的是當keepalived檢測到mysql服務掛了之後觸發這個指令碼,殺死keepalived程式,讓另一臺機器接管
好 修改後啟動keeplived服務
介此整個叢集搭建完成
三、測試
找一臺機器用虛擬ip連線mysql
[root@localhost html]# mysql -uab -h 10.1.1.25 -p123 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 736 Server version: 5.1.66-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type `help;` or `h` for help. Type `c` to clear the current input statement. mysql>
這樣成功連上了,然後你可以任意關閉某臺機器,或者某臺機器的mysql服務,看看還能不能連上!!
謝謝!!