Oracle 18c rpm 安裝及解析安裝過程

環境：

OEL 6.8

DB：18.3

安裝過程中包括兩個RPM包

oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安裝過程分為線上安裝和離線安裝，決定於oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm。

線上安裝：

# curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

# yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

離線安裝，下載oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm後，手動安裝。

下載地址：

該過程採取離線安裝，下載軟體包：

oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm軟體包檢查系統軟體包，調整系統引數，新增資料庫使用者組和使用者

透過shell指令碼定製Oracle安裝條件，實現最佳安裝環境配置。

開始安裝：

[root@oeldb soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

warning: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY

error: Failed dependencies:

        compat-libcap1 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

        compat-libstdc++-33 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

        ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

        libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

        libstdc++-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

        xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

        xorg-x11-xauth is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

提示所需安裝軟體包：

[root@oeldb soft]# yum -y install xorg-x11-xauth xorg-x11-utils libstdc++-devel libaio-devel ksh compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1

[root@oeldb soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:oracle-database-preinst########################################### [100%]

檢查安裝後環境：

[root@oeldb ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep oracle

oracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash

[root@oeldb ~]# more /etc/group| tail -10

stapsys:x:157:

stapdev:x:158:

tcpdump:x:72:

oinstall:x:54321:oracle

dba:x:54322:oracle

oper:x:54323:oracle

backupdba:x:54324:oracle

dgdba:x:54325:oracle

kmdba:x:54326:oracle

racdba:x:54330:oracle

檢查RPM包內容：

[root@oeldb soft]# rpm -qlp oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-firstboot

/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.conf

/etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c

/etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify

/etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.param

/usr/bin/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify

/var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c

/var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/results

解壓軟體包：

[root@oeldb soft]# rpm2cpio oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idmv

./etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-firstboot

./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c

./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify

./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.param

./usr/bin/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-verify

./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c

./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/results

資料庫相關使用者、組、引數：

./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-18c/oracle-database-preinstall-18c.param

安裝資料庫軟體：

首先檢查RPM包內容,包括建立資料庫、監聽、資料庫軟體，內容如下：

root@oeldb soft]# rpm -qlp oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c

/etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c.conf

/opt/oracle/product/18c

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches/28096386

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches/28096386/bundle.xml

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.opatchauto_storage/system_patches/systemPatchInformationStore.xml

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/.patch_storage

......

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxtr.msb

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxus.msb

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxus.msg

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxzhs.msb

/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/xdk/mesg/lsxzht.msb

[root@oeldb soft]# 

[root@oeldb soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:oracle-database-ee-18c ############################################### [100%]

[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...

[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.

To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure

檢查檔案內容：

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c 檔案中configure方法內容如下

......

configure()

{

    check_for_configuration

    RETVAL=$?

    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]

    then

        echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already configured."

        exit 1

    fi

    read_config_file

    check_port_availability

    check_em_express_port_availability

    configure_perform

}

......

該檔案包括資料庫啟動、停止、重啟等相關指令碼集合。

[root@oeldb ~]# more /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c | grep '()'

start()

stop()

configure_perform()

unset_proxy_vars()

check_for_configuration()

read_config_file()

configure()

check_port_availability()

check_em_express_port_availability()

restart()

建立資料庫，預設建立sid:ORCLCDB,pdb_name:ORCLPDB1,可根據要求調整檔案內容。

[root@oeldb ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure

Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.

Prepare for db operation

8% complete

Copying database files

31% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

32% complete

36% complete

40% complete

43% complete

46% complete

Completing Database Creation

51% complete

 54% complete

Creating Pluggable Databases

58% complete

77% complete

Executing Post Configuration Actions

100% complete

Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:

 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.

Database Information:

Global Database Name:ORCLCDB

System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB

Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.

Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

Oracle環境變數未配置，配置環境變數，檢查監聽

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[oracle@oeldb ~]$ . .bash_profile 

[oracle@oeldb ~]$ lsnrctl  status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on 31-OCT-2018 14:54:11

Copyright (c) 1991, 2018, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oeldb)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 18.0.0.0.0 - Production

Start Date                31-OCT-2018 14:07:48

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 46 min. 25 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oeldb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oeldb)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oeldb)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))

Services Summary...

Service "7981b2318b511a4ce053c80fa8c07ea4" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "ORCLCDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

測試停止、啟動

[root@oeldb ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c stop

Shutting down Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB.

Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB shut down.

Stopping Oracle Net Listener.

Oracle Net Listener stopped.

[root@oeldb ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c start

Starting Oracle Net Listener.

Oracle Net Listener started.

Starting Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB.

Oracle Database instance ORCLCDB started.

整體上rpm安裝簡化了安裝過程，改進很多，建立可以根據指令碼內容針對於適合自己的資料庫資訊。