css23 CSS Links, Cursors

emanlee發表於2024-05-30
CSS

https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_link.asp

CSS Links

With CSS, links can be styled in many different ways.


Styling Links

Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color, font-family, background, etc.).

Example

a {
color: hotpink;
} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a {
  color: hotpink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Style a link with a color</h2>

<p><b><a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a link</a></b></p>

</body>
</html>

In addition, links can be styled differently depending on what state they are in.

The four links states are:

  • a:link - a normal, unvisited link
  • a:visited - a link the user has visited
  • a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
  • a:active - a link the moment it is clicked

Example

/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: red;
}

/* visited link */
a:visited {
color: green;
}

/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: hotpink;
}

/* selected link */
a:active {
color: blue;
} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
/* unvisited link */
a:link {
  color: red;
}

/* visited link */
a:visited {
  color: green;
}

/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
  color: hotpink;
}

/* selected link */
a:active {
  color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Styling a link depending on state</h2>

<p><b><a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a link</a></b></p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective.</p>

</body>
</html>

When setting the style for several link states, there are some order rules:

  • a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited
  • a:active MUST come after a:hover

Text Decoration

The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links:

Example

a:link {
text-decoration: none;
}

a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}

a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a:link {
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:visited {
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

a:active {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Styling a link with text-decoration property</h2>

<p><b><a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a link</a></b></p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective.</p>

</body>
</html>

Background Color

The background-color property can be used to specify a background color for links:

Example

a:link {
background-color: yellow;
}

a:visited {
background-color: cyan;
}

a:hover {
background-color: lightgreen;
}

a:active {
background-color: hotpink;
} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a:link {
  background-color: yellow;
}

a:visited {
  background-color: cyan;
}

a:hover {
  background-color: lightgreen;
}

a:active {
  background-color: hotpink;
} 
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Styling a link with background-color property</h2>

<p><b><a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a link</a></b></p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective.</p>

</body>
</html>

Link Buttons

This example demonstrates a more advanced example where we combine several CSS properties to display links as boxes/buttons:

Example

a:link, a:visited {
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
padding: 14px 25px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}

a:hover, a:active {
background-color: red;
} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a:link, a:visited {
  background-color: #f44336;
  color: white;
  padding: 14px 25px;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-block;
}

a:hover, a:active {
  background-color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Link Button</h2>

<p>A link styled as a button:</p>
<a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a link</a>

</body>
</html>

More Examples

Example

This example demonstrates how to add other styles to hyperlinks:

a.one:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.one:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.one:hover {color: #ffcc00;}

a.two:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.two:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.two:hover {font-size: 150%;}

a.three:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.three:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.three:hover {background: #66ff66;}

a.four:link {color: #ff0000;}
a.four:visited {color: #0000ff;}
a.four:hover {font-family: monospace;}

a.five:link {color: #ff0000; text-decoration: none;}
a.five:visited {color: #0000ff; text-decoration: none;}
a.five:hover {text-decoration: underline;} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a.one:link {color:#ff0000;}
a.one:visited {color:#0000ff;}
a.one:hover {color:#ffcc00;}

a.two:link {color:#ff0000;}
a.two:visited {color:#0000ff;}
a.two:hover {font-size:150%;}

a.three:link {color:#ff0000;}
a.three:visited {color:#0000ff;}
a.three:hover {background:#66ff66;}

a.four:link {color:#ff0000;}
a.four:visited {color:#0000ff;}
a.four:hover {font-family:monospace;}

a.five:link {color:#ff0000;text-decoration:none;}
a.five:visited {color:#0000ff;text-decoration:none;}
a.five:hover {text-decoration:underline;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Styling Links</h2>

<p>Mouse over the links and watch them change layout:</p>

<p><b><a class="one" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This link changes color</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="two" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This link changes font-size</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="three" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This link changes background-color</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="four" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This link changes font-family</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="five" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This link changes text-decoration</a></b></p>

</body>
</html>

Example

Another example of how to create link boxes/buttons:

a:link, a:visited {
background-color: white;
color: black;
border: 2px solid green;
padding: 10px 20px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}

a:hover, a:active {
background-color: green;
color: white;
} 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a:link, a:visited {
  background-color: white;
  color: black;
  border: 2px solid green;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-block;
}

a:hover, a:active {
  background-color: green;
  color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Link Button</h2>

<a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a link</a>

</body>
</html>

Example

This example demonstrates the different types of cursors (can be useful for links):

<span style="cursor: auto">auto</span><br>
<span style="cursor: crosshair">crosshair</span><br>
<span style="cursor: default">default</span><br>
<span style="cursor: e-resize">e-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: help">help</span><br>
<span style="cursor: move">move</span><br>
<span style="cursor: n-resize">n-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: ne-resize">ne-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: nw-resize">nw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: pointer">pointer</span><br>
<span style="cursor: progress">progress</span><br>
<span style="cursor: s-resize">s-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: se-resize">se-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: sw-resize">sw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: text">text</span><br>
<span style="cursor: w-resize">w-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor: wait">wait</span> 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h2>The cursor Property</h2>

<p>Mouse over the words to change the cursor.</p>
<span style="cursor:auto">auto</span><br>
<span style="cursor:crosshair">crosshair</span><br>
<span style="cursor:default">default</span><br>
<span style="cursor:e-resize">e-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:help">help</span><br>
<span style="cursor:move">move</span><br>
<span style="cursor:n-resize">n-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:ne-resize">ne-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:nw-resize">nw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:pointer">pointer</span><br>
<span style="cursor:progress">progress</span><br>
<span style="cursor:s-resize">s-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:se-resize">se-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:sw-resize">sw-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:text">text</span><br>
<span style="cursor:w-resize">w-resize</span><br>
<span style="cursor:wait">wait</span><br>

</body>
</html>

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