【前端面試】同學,你會手寫程式碼嗎?

我不吃餅乾呀發表於2019-04-01

如果您發現錯誤,請一定要告訴我,拯救一個辣雞(但很帥)的少年就靠您了!

CSS 部分

兩欄佈局

要求:垂直兩欄,左邊固定右邊自適應。

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
    .outer {
        height: 100px;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    .left {
        background: tomato;
        height: 100px;
    }
    .right {
        background: gold;
        height: 100px;
    }
    /* 浮動 */
    .outer1 .left {
        width: 200px;
        float: left;
    }
    .outer1 .right {
        width: auto;
        margin-left: 200px;
    }
    /* flex */
    .outer2 {
        display: flex;
    }
    .outer2 .left {
        flex-grow: 0;
        flex-shrink: 0;
        flex-basis: 200px;
    }
    .outer2 .right {
        flex: auto; /* 1 1 auto */
    }
    /* position */
    .outer3 {
        position: relative;
    }
    .outer3 .left {
        position: absolute;
        width: 200px;
    }
    .outer3 .right {
        margin-left: 200px;
    }
    /* position again */
    .outer4 {
        position: relative;
    }
    .outer4 .left {
        width: 200px;
    }
    .outer4 .right {
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 200px;
        right: 0;
    }
    </style>
</head>
<!-- 左右兩欄,左邊固定,右邊自適應 -->
<body>
    <div class="outer outer1">
        <div class="left">1-left</div>
        <div class="right">1-right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="outer outer2">
        <div class="left">2-left</div>
        <div class="right">2-right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="outer outer3">
        <div class="left">3-left</div>
        <div class="right">3-right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="outer outer4">
        <div class="left">4-left</div>
        <div class="right">4-right</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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三欄佈局

要求:垂直三欄佈局,左右兩欄寬度固定,中間自適應

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .outer, .left, .middle, .right {
            height: 100px;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
        }
        .left {
            background: tomato;
        }
        .middle {
            background: lightgreen;
        }
        .right {
            background: gold;
        }
        /* 左右分別設定絕對定位 中間設定外邊距 */
        .outer1 {
            position: relative;
        }
        .outer1 .left {
            position: absolute;
            width: 100px;
        }
        .outer1 .middle {
            margin: 0 200px 0 100px;
        }
        .outer1 .right {
            position: absolute;
            width: 200px;
            top: 0;
            right: 0;
        }
        /* flex 佈局 */
        .outer2 {
            display: flex;
        }
        .outer2 .left {
            flex: 0 0 100px;
        }
        .outer2 .middle {
            flex: auto;
        }
        .outer2 .right {
            flex: 0 0 200px;
        }
        /* 浮動佈局 但是 html 中 middle要放到最後 */
        .outer3 .left {
            float: left;
            width: 100px;
        }
        .outer3 .right {
            float: right;
            width: 200px;
        }
        .outer3 .middle {
            margin: 0 200px 0 100px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<!-- 三欄佈局 左右固定 中間自適應 -->
<body>
    <div class="outer outer1">
        <div class="left">1-left</div>
        <div class="middle">1-middle</div>
        <div class="right">1-right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="outer outer2">
        <div class="left">2-left</div>
        <div class="middle">2-middle</div>
        <div class="right">2-right</div>
    </div>
    <div class="outer outer3">
        <div class="left">3-left</div>
        <div class="right">3-right</div>
        <div class="middle">3-middle</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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聖盃佈局 和 雙飛翼佈局

和三欄佈局要求相同,不過中間列要寫在前面保證優先渲染。

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .outer, .left, .middle, .right {
            height: 100px;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
        }
        .left {
            background: tomato;
        }
        .middle {
            background: lightgreen;
        }
        .right {
            background: gold;
        }
        /* 聖盃佈局 通過浮動和負邊距實現 */
        .outer1 {
            padding: 0 200px 0 100px;
        }
        .outer1 .middle {
            width: 100%;
            float: left;
        }
        .outer1 .left {
            width: 100px;
            float: left;
            margin-left: -100%;
            position: relative;
            left: -100px;
        }
        .outer1 .right {
            width: 200px;
            float: left;
            margin-left: -200px;
            position: relative;
            left: 200px;
        }
        /* 雙飛翼佈局 */
        .outer2 .middle-wrapper {
            width: 100%;
            float: left;
        }
        .outer2 .middle {
            margin: 0 200px 0 100px;
        }
        .outer2 .left {
            width: 100px;
            float: left;
            margin-left: -100%;
        }
        .outer2 .right {
            width: 200px;
            float: left;
            margin-left: -200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<!-- 三欄佈局 左右固定 中間自適應 -->
<body>
    <!-- 聖盃佈局 middle 最先 -->
    <div class="outer outer1">
        <div class="middle">聖盃-middle</div>
        <div class="left">聖盃-left</div>
        <div class="right">聖盃-right</div>
    </div>
    <!-- 雙飛翼佈局 middle 最先 多一層 div -->
    <div class="outer outer2">
        <div class="middle-wrapper">
            <div class="middle">雙飛翼佈局-middle</div>
        </div>
        <div class="left">雙飛翼佈局-left</div>
        <div class="right">雙飛翼佈局-right</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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三角形

實現一個三角形

常見題目,通過 border 實現

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>三角形</title>
  <style type="text/css">
    .box1, .box2, .box3, .box4 {
      height: 0px;
      width: 0px;
      float: left;
      border-style: solid;
      margin: 10px;
    }
    .box1 { /* 等腰直角 */
      border-width: 100px;
      border-color: tomato transparent transparent transparent;
    }
    .box2 { /* 等邊 */
      border-width: 100px 173px;
      border-color: transparent tomato transparent transparent;
    }
    .box3 { /* 等腰 */
      border-width: 100px 80px;
      border-color: transparent transparent tomato transparent;
    }
    .box4 { /* 其他 */
      border-width: 100px 90px 80px 70px;
      border-color: transparent transparent transparent tomato;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="box1"></div>
  <div class="box2"></div>
  <div class="box3"></div>
  <div class="box4"></div>
</body>
</html>
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正方形

使用 css 實現一個寬高自適應的正方形

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title></title>
		<style>
			/* 都是像對於螢幕寬度的比例 */
			.square1 {
				width: 10%;
				height: 10vw;
				background: red;
			}
			/* margin/padding 百分比是相對父元素 width 的 */
			.square2 {
				width: 20%;
				height: 0;
				padding-top: 20%;
				background: orange;
			}
			/* 通過子元素 margin */
			.square3 {
				width: 30%;
				overflow: hidden; /* 觸發 BFC */
				background: yellow;
			}
			.square3::after {
				content: '';
				display: block;
				margin-top: 100%; /* 高度相對於 square3 的 width */
			}
		</style>
	</head>
	<!-- 畫一個正方形 -->
	<body>
		<div class="square1"></div>
		<div class="square2"></div>
		<div class="square3"></div>
	</body>
</html>
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扇形

實現一個 1/4 圓、任意弧度的扇形

有多種實現方法,這裡選幾種簡單方法(我看得懂的)實現。

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
    /* 通過 border 和 border-radius 實現 1/4 圓 */
    .sector1 {
        height: 0;
        width: 0;
        border: 100px solid;
        border-radius: 50%;
        border-color: turquoise tomato tan thistle;
    }
    /* 類似三角形的做法加上父元素 overflow: hidden; 也可以實現任意弧度圓 */
    .sector2 {
        height: 100px;
        width: 200px;
        border-radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .sector2::after {
        content: '';
        display: block;
        height: 0;
        width: 0;
        border-style: solid;
        border-width: 100px 58px 0;
        border-color: tomato transparent;
        transform: translate(42px,0);
    }
    /* 通過子元素 rotateZ 和父元素 overflow: hidden 實現任意弧度扇形(此處是60°) */
    .sector3 {
        height: 100px;
        width: 100px;
        border-top-right-radius: 100px;
        overflow: hidden;
        /* background: gold; */
    }
    .sector3::after {
        content: '';
        display: block;
        height: 100px;
        width: 100px;
        background: tomato;
        transform: rotateZ(-30deg);
        transform-origin: left bottom;
    }
    /* 通過 skewY 實現一個60°的扇形 */
    .sector4 {
        height: 100px;
        width: 100px;
        border-top-right-radius: 100px;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .sector4::after {
        content: '';
        display: block;
        height: 100px;
        width: 100px;
        background: tomato;
        transform: skewY(-30deg);
        transform-origin: left bottom;
    }
    /* 通過漸變設定60°扇形 */
    .sector5 {
        height: 200px;
        width: 200px;
        background: tomato;
        border-radius: 50%;
        background-image: linear-gradient(150deg, transparent 50%, #fff 50%),
        linear-gradient(90deg, #fff 50%, transparent 50%);
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-around;">
        <div class="sector1"></div>
        <div class="sector2"></div>
        <div class="sector3"></div>
        <div class="sector4"></div>
        <div class="sector5"></div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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水平垂直居中

實現子元素的水平垂直居中

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>水平垂直居中</title>
  <style type="text/css">
    .outer {
      height: 200px;
      width: 200px;
      background: tomato;
      margin: 10px;
      float: left;
      position: relative;
    }
    .inner {
      height: 100px;
      width: 100px;
      background: black;
    }
    /* 
     * 通過 position 和 margin 居中 
     * 缺點:需要知道 inner 的長寬
     */
    .inner1 {
      position: absolute;
      top: 50%;
      left: 50%;
      margin-top: -50px;
      margin-left: -50px;
    }
    /*
     * 通過 position 和 margin 居中 (2
     */
    .inner2 {
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
      right: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      left: 0;
      margin: auto;
    }
    /*
     * 通過 flex 進行居中
     */
    .outer3 {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
    }
    /**
     * 通過 position 和 transform 居中
     */
    .inner4 {
      top: 50%;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
      position: absolute;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="outer outer1">
    <div class="inner inner1"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="outer outer2">
    <div class="inner inner2"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="outer outer3">
    <div class="inner inner3"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="outer outer4">
    <div class="inner inner4"></div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>
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清除浮動

要求:清除浮動

可以通過 clear:both 或 BFC 實現

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>清除浮動</title>
  <style type="text/css">
    .outer {
      width: 200px;
      background: tomato;
      margin: 10px;
      position: relative;
    }
    .inner {
      height: 100px;
      width: 100px;
      background: pink;
      margin: 10px;
      float: left;
    }
    /* 偽元素 */
    .outer1::after {
      content: '';
      display: block;
      clear: both;
    }
    /* 建立 BFC */
    .outer2 {
      overflow: hidden;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="outer outer1">
    <div class="inner"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="outer outer2">
    <div class="inner"></div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>
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彈出框

使用 CSS 寫一個彈出框效果

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .bg {
            height: 666px;
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 60px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .dialog {
            z-index: 999;
            position: fixed;
            top: 0;
            right: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            left: 0;
            background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
        }
        .dialog .content {
            min-height: 300px;
            width: 600px;
            background: #fff;
            border-radius: 5px;
            border: 1px solid #ebeef5;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 12px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);
            position: absolute;
            top: 50%;
            left: 50%;
            transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="bg">
        頁面內容
    </div>
    <div class="dialog">
        <div class="content">
            彈出框
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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導航欄

要求:一個 div 內部放很多水平 div ,並可以橫向滾動。

檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=div, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body,html {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        /* flex 實現 */
        /* .nav {
            display: flex;
            height: 30px;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            padding: 3px;
            overflow-x: auto;
        }
        .nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
            display: none;
        }
        .item {
            flex: 0 0 200px;
            height: 30px;
            margin-right: 5px;
            background: gray;
        } */
        /* inline-block 和 white-space: nowrap; 實現 */
        .nav {
            height: 30px;
            padding: 3px;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            overflow-x: auto;
            white-space: nowrap;
        }
        .nav::-webkit-scrollbar {
            display: none;
        }
        .item {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 200px;
            height: 30px;
            margin-right: 5px;
            background: gray;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<!-- 水平滾動導航欄 -->
<body>
    <div class="nav">
        <div class="item">item1</div>
        <div class="item">item2</div>
        <div class="item">item3</div>
        <div class="item">item4</div>
        <div class="item">item5</div>
        <div class="item">item6</div>
        <div class="item">item7</div>
        <div class="item">item8</div>
        <div class="item">item9</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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CSS 部分完,總結,Flex 無敵。

JavaScript 部分

手寫 bind、call 和 apply

Function.prototype.bind = function(context, ...bindArgs) {
  // func 為呼叫 bind 的原函式
  const func = this;
  context = context || window;
  
  if (typeof func !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
  }
  // bind 返回一個繫結 this 的函式
  return function(...callArgs) {
    let args = bindArgs.concat(callArgs);
    if (this instanceof func) {
      // 意味著是通過 new 呼叫的 而 new 的優先順序高於 bind
      return new func(...args);
    }
    return func.call(context, ...args);
  }
}

// 通過隱式繫結實現
Function.prototype.call = function(context, ...args) {
  context = context || window;
  context.func = this;

  if (typeof context.func !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('call must be called on a function');
  }

  let res = context.func(...args);
  delete context.func;
  return res;
}

Function.prototype.apply = function(context, args) {
  context = context || window;
  context.func = this;

  if (typeof context.func !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('apply must be called on a function');
  }

  let res = context.func(...args);
  delete context.func;
  return res;
}
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實現一個繼承

// 參考 You Dont Know JavaScript 上卷
// 基類
function Base() {
}
// 派生類
function Derived() {
    Base.call(this);
}
// 將派生類的原型的原型鏈掛在基類的原型上
Object.setPrototypeOf(Derived.prototype, Base.prototype);
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實現一個 new

// 手動實現一個 new 關鍵字的功能的函式 _new(fun, args) --> new fun(args)
function _new(fun, ...args) {
    if (typeof fun !== 'function') {
        return new Error('引數必須是一個函式');
    }
    let obj = Object.create(fun.prototype);
    let res = fun.call(obj, ...args);
    if (res !== null && (typeof res === 'object' || typeof res === 'function')) {
        return res;
    }
    return obj;
}
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實現一個 instanceof

// a instanceof b
function _instanceof(a, b) {
    while (a) {
        if (a.__proto__ === b.prototype) return true;
        a = a.__proto__;
    }
    return false;
}
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手寫 jsonp 的實現

// foo 函式將會被呼叫 傳入後臺返回的資料
function foo(data) {
    console.log('通過jsonp獲取後臺資料:', data);
    document.getElementById('data').innerHTML = data;
}
/**
 * 通過手動建立一個 script 標籤傳送一個 get 請求
 * 並利用瀏覽器對 <script> 不進行跨域限制的特性繞過跨域問題
 */
(function jsonp() {
    let head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; // 獲取head元素 把js放裡面
    let js = document.createElement('script');
    js.src = 'http://domain:port/testJSONP?a=1&b=2&callback=foo'; // 設定請求地址
    head.appendChild(js); // 這一步會傳送請求
})();

// 後臺程式碼
// 因為是通過 script 標籤呼叫的 後臺返回的相當於一個 js 檔案
// 根據前端傳入的 callback 的函式名直接呼叫該函式
// 返回的是 'foo(3)'
function testJSONP(callback, a, b) {
  return `${callback}(${a + b})`;
}
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ajax 的實現

感覺這個有點無聊了……

檢視程式碼
// Asynchronous Javascript And XML
function ajax(options) {
  // 選項
  var method = options.method || 'GET',
      params = options.params,
      data = options.data,
      url = options.url + (params ? '?' + Object.keys(params).map(key => key + '=' + params[key]).join('&') : ''),
      async = options.async === false ? false : true,
      success = options.success,
      headers = options.headers;

  var request;
  if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
    request = new XMLHttpRequest();
  } else {
    request = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
  }

  request.onreadystatechange = function() {
    /**
    readyState:
      0: 請求未初始化
      1: 伺服器連線已建立
      2: 請求已接收
      3: 請求處理中
      4: 請求已完成,且響應已就緒

    status: HTTP 狀態碼
    **/
    if (request.readyState === 4 && request.status === 200) {
      success && success(request.responseText);
    }
  }

  request.open(method, url, async);
  if (headers) {
    Object.keys(headers).forEach(key => request.setRequestHeader(key, headers[key]));
  }
  method === 'GET' ? request.send() : request.send(data);
}
// e.g.
ajax({
  method: 'GET',
  url: '...',
  success: function(res) {
    console.log('success', res);
  },
  async: true,
  params: {
    p: 'test',
    t: 666
  },
  headers: {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  }
})
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reduce 的實現

function reduce(arr, callback, initial) {
    let i = 0;
    let acc = initial === undefined ? arr[i++] : initial;
    for (; i < arr.length; i++) {
        acc = callback(acc, arr[i], i, arr);
    }
    return acc;
}
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實現 generator 的自動執行器

要求是 yield 後面只能是 PromiseThunk 函式,詳見 es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/gener…


function run(gen) {
  let g = gen();

  function next(data) {
    let result = g.next(data);
    if (result.done) return result.value;
    if (result.value instanceof Promise) {
      result.value.then(data => next(data));
    } else {
      result.value(next);
    }
  }

  return next();
}

// ======== e.g. ==========

function func(data, cb) {
  console.log(data);
  cb();
}

function *gen() {
  let a = yield Promise.resolve(1);
  console.log(a);
  let b = yield Promise.resolve(2);
  console.log(b);
  yield func.bind(null, a + b);
}
run(gen);
/** 
output:
1
2
3
**/
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節流

老生常談了,感覺沒必要寫太複雜

/**
 * 節流函式 限制函式在指定時間段只能被呼叫一次
 * 用法 比如防止使用者連續執行一個耗時操作 對操作按鈕點選函式進行節流處理
 */
function throttle(func, wait) {
  let timer = null;
  return function(...args) {
    if (!timer) {
      func(...args);
      timer = setTimeout(() => {
        timer = null;
      }, wait);
    }
  }
}
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防抖

/**
 * 函式呼叫後不會被立即執行 之後連續 wait 時間段沒有呼叫才會執行
 * 用法 如處理使用者輸入
 */
function debounce(func, wait) {
  let timer = null;
  
  return function(...args) {
    if (timer) clearTimeout(timer); // 如果在定時器未執行期間又被呼叫 該定時器將被清除 並重新等待 wait 秒
    timer = setTimeout(() => {
      func(...args);
    }, wait);
  }
}
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手寫 Promise

簡單實現,基本功能都有了。

const PENDING = 1;
const FULFILLED = 2;
const REJECTED = 3;

function MyPromise(executor) {
    let self = this;
    this.resolveQueue = [];
    this.rejectQueue = [];
    this.state = PENDING;
    this.val = undefined;
    function resolve(val) {
        if (self.state === PENDING) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                self.state = FULFILLED;
                self.val = val;
                self.resolveQueue.forEach(cb => cb(val));
            });
        }
    }
    function reject(err) {
        if (self.state === PENDING) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                self.state = REJECTED;
                self.val = err;
                self.rejectQueue.forEach(cb => cb(err));
            });
        }
    }
    try {
        // 回撥是非同步執行 函式是同步執行
        executor(resolve, reject);
    } catch(err) {
        reject(err);
    }
}

MyPromise.prototype.then = function(onResolve, onReject) {
    let self = this;
    // 不傳值的話預設是一個返回原值的函式
    onResolve = typeof onResolve === 'function' ? onResolve : (v => v); 
    onReject = typeof onReject === 'function' ? onReject : (e => { throw e });
    if (self.state === FULFILLED) {
        return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                    let x = onResolve(self.val);
                    if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
                        x.then(resolve);
                    } else {
                        resolve(x);
                    }
                } catch(e) {
                    reject(e);
                }
            });
        });
    }

    if (self.state === REJECTED) {
        return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                    let x = onReject(self.val);
                    if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
                        x.then(resolve);
                    } else {
                        resolve(x);
                    }
                } catch(e) {
                    reject(e);
                }
            });
        });
    }
    
    if (self.state === PENDING) {
        return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
            self.resolveQueue.push((val) => {
                try {
                    let x = onResolve(val);
                    if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
                        x.then(resolve);
                    } else {
                        resolve(x);
                    }
                } catch(e) {
                    reject(e);
                }
            });
            self.rejectQueue.push((val) => {
                try {
                    let x = onReject(val);
                    if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
                        x.then(resolve);
                    } else {
                        resolve(x);
                    }
                } catch(e) {
                    reject(e);
                }
            });
        });
    }
}

MyPromise.prototype.catch = function(onReject) {
    return this.then(null, onReject);
}

MyPromise.all = function(promises) {
    return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
        let cnt = 0;
        let result = [];
        for (let i = 0; i < promises.length; i++) {
            promises[i].then(res => {
                result[i] = res;
                if (++cnt === promises.length) resolve(result);
            }, err => {
                reject(err);
            })
        }
    });
}

MyPromise.race = function(promises) {
    return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
        for (let i = 0; i < promises.length; i++) {
            promises[i].then(resolve, reject);
        }
    });
}

MyPromise.resolve = function(val) {
    return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
        resolve(val);
    });
}

MyPromise.reject = function(err) {
    return new MyPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
        reject(err);
    })
}
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實現一個路由 - Hash

實現原理就是監聽 url 的雜湊值變化了

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>hash 路由</title>
</head>
<body>
  <header>
    <a href="#home">首頁</a>
    <a href="#center">個人中心頁</a>
    <a href="#help">幫助頁</a>
  </header>
  <section id="content"></section>
  <script>
    window.addEventListener('hashchange', (e) => {
      let content = document.getElementById('content');
      content.innerText = location.hash;
    })
  </script>
</body>
</html>
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路由實現 - history

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>history 路由</title>
</head>
<body>
  <header>
    <a onclick="changeRoute(this)" data-path="home">首頁</a>
    <a onclick="changeRoute(this)" data-path="center">個人中心頁</a>
    <a onclick="changeRoute(this)" data-path="help">幫助頁</a>
  </header>
  <section id="content"></section>
  <script>
    function changeRoute(route) {
      let path = route.dataset.path;
      /**
       * window.history.pushState(state, title, url)
       * state:一個與新增的記錄相關聯的狀態物件,主要用於popstate事件。該事件觸發時,該物件會傳入回撥函式。
       *        也就是說,瀏覽器會將這個物件序列化以後保留在本地,重新載入這個頁面的時候,可以拿到這個物件。
       *        如果不需要這個物件,此處可以填 null。
       * title:新頁面的標題。但是,現在所有瀏覽器都忽視這個引數,所以這裡可以填空字串。
       * url:新的網址,必須與當前頁面處在同一個域。瀏覽器的位址列將顯示這個網址。
       */
      changePage(path);
      history.pushState({ content: path }, null, path);
    }
    /**
     * 呼叫 history.pushState() 或者 history.replaceState() 不會觸發 popstate 事件。
     * 點選後退、前進按鈕、或者在 js 中呼叫 history.back()、history.forward()、history.go() 方法會觸發
     */ 
    window.addEventListener('popstate', (e) => {
      let content = e.state && e.state.content;
      changePage(content);
    });

    function changePage(pageContent) {
      let content = document.getElementById('content');
      content.innerText = pageContent;
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>
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還有一些稍複雜的可以寫,有時間再補。

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