前言
嗨,說起探探想必各位程式汪都不陌生(畢竟妹子很多),能在上面絲滑的翻牌子,探探的的堆疊滑動元件起到了關鍵的作用,下面就來看看如何用vue寫一個探探的堆疊元件 ?
一. 功能分析
簡單使用下探探會發現,堆疊滑動的功能很簡單,用一張圖概括就是:
簡單歸納下里麵包含的基本功能點:- 圖片的堆疊
- 圖片第一張的滑動
- 條件成功後的滑出,條件失敗後的回彈
- 滑出後下一張圖片堆疊到頂部
體驗優化
- 根據觸控點的不同,滑動時首圖有不同角度偏移
- 偏移面積判定是否成功滑出
二. 具體實現
有了歸納好的功能點,我們實現元件的思路會更清晰
1. 堆疊效果
堆疊圖片效果在網上有大量的例項,實現的方法大同小異,主要通過在父層設定perspective及perspective-origin,來實現子層的透視,子層設定好translate3d Z軸數值即可模擬出堆疊效果,具體程式碼如下
// 圖片堆疊dom
<!--opacity: 0 隱藏我們不想看到的stack-item層級-->
<!--z-index: -1 調整stack-item層級"-->
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 1;z-index: 10;"><img src="1.png" alt="01"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -60px);opacity: 1;z-index: 1"><img src="2.png" alt="02"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -120px);opacity: 1;z-index: 1"><img src="3.png" alt="03"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -180px);opacity: 0;z-index: -1"><img src="4.png" alt="04"></li>
<li class="stack-item" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, -180px);opacity: 0;z-index: -1"><img src="5.png" alt="05"></li>
</ul>
<style>
.stack {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: relative;
perspective: 1000px; //子元素視距
perspective-origin: 50% 150%; //子元素透視位置
-webkit-perspective: 1000px;
-webkit-perspective-origin: 50% 150%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.stack-item{
background: #fff;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-radius: 4px;
text-align: center;
overflow: hidden;
}
.stack-item img {
width: 100%;
display: block;
pointer-events: none;
}
</style>
複製程式碼
上面只是一組靜態程式碼,我們希望得到的是vue元件,所以需要先建立一個元件模板stack.vue,在模板中我們可以使用v-for,遍歷出stack節點,使用:style 來修改各個item的style,程式碼如下
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages" :style="[transform(index)]">
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages資料包含基礎的圖片資料
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata資料包含元件基本資料
basicdata: {
currentPage: 0 // 預設首圖的序列
},
// temporaryData資料包含元件臨時資料
temporaryData: {
opacity: 1, // 記錄opacity
zIndex: 10, // 記錄zIndex
visible: 3 // 記錄預設顯示堆疊數visible
}
}
},
methods: {
// 遍歷樣式
transform (index) {
if (index >= this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = this.temporaryData.visible
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可見數量前滑塊的樣式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
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關鍵點
- :style可以繫結物件的同時,也可以繫結陣列和函式,這在遍歷的時候很有用
最基本的dom結構已經構建完畢,下一步是讓首張圖片“動”起來
2. 圖片滑動
圖片滑動效果,在很多場景中都有出現,其原理無非是監聽touchs事件,得到位移,再通過translate3D改變目標位移,因此我們要實現的步驟如下
- 對stack進行touchs事件的繫結
- 監聽並儲存手勢位置變化的數值
- 改變首圖css屬性中translate3D的x,y值
具體實現
在vue框架中,不建議直接操作節點,而是通過指令v-on對元素進行繫結,因此我們將繫結都寫在v-for遍歷裡,通過index進行判斷其是否是首圖,再使用:style修改首頁的樣式,具體程式碼如下:
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages"
:style="[transformIndex(index),transform(index)]"
@touchstart.stop.capture="touchstart"
@touchmove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@touchend.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousedown.stop.capture="touchstart"
@mouseup.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousemove.stop.capture="touchmove">
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages資料包含基礎的圖片資料
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata資料包含元件基本資料
basicdata: {
start: {}, // 記錄起始位置
end: {}, // 記錄終點位置
currentPage: 0 // 預設首圖的序列
},
// temporaryData資料包含元件臨時資料
temporaryData: {
poswidth: '', // 記錄位移
posheight: '', // 記錄位移
tracking: false // 是否在滑動,防止多次操作,影響體驗
}
}
},
methods: {
touchstart (e) {
if (this.temporaryData.tracking) {
return
}
// 是否為touch
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
return
} else {
// 記錄起始位置
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
}
// pc操作
} else {
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
this.temporaryData.tracking = true
},
touchmove (e) {
// 記錄滑動位置
if (this.temporaryData.tracking && !this.temporaryData.animation) {
if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
} else {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
// 計算滑動值
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.basicdata.end.x - this.basicdata.start.x
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.basicdata.end.y - this.basicdata.start.y
}
},
touchend (e) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
// 滑動結束,觸發判斷
},
// 非首頁樣式切換
transform (index) {
if (index > this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = 3
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可見數量前滑塊的樣式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
}
},
// 首頁樣式切換
transformIndex (index) {
// 處理3D效果
if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.poswidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.posheight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = 1
style['zIndex'] = 10
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
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3. 條件成功後的滑出,條件失敗後的回彈
條件的觸發判斷是在touchend/mouseup後進行,在這裡我們先用簡單的條件進行判定,同時給予首圖彈出及回彈的效果,程式碼如下
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages"
:style="[transformIndex(index),transform(index)]"
@touchmove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@touchstart.stop.capture="touchstart"
@touchend.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousedown.stop.capture="touchstart"
@mouseup.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousemove.stop.capture="touchmove">
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages資料包含基礎的圖片資料
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata資料包含元件基本資料
basicdata: {
start: {}, // 記錄起始位置
end: {}, // 記錄終點位置
currentPage: 0 // 預設首圖的序列
},
// temporaryData資料包含元件臨時資料
temporaryData: {
poswidth: '', // 記錄位移
posheight: '', // 記錄位移
tracking: false, // 是否在滑動,防止多次操作,影響體驗
animation: false, // 首圖是否啟用動畫效果,預設為否
opacity: 1 // 記錄首圖透明度
}
}
},
methods: {
touchstart (e) {
if (this.temporaryData.tracking) {
return
}
// 是否為touch
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
return
} else {
// 記錄起始位置
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
}
// pc操作
} else {
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
this.temporaryData.tracking = true
this.temporaryData.animation = false
},
touchmove (e) {
// 記錄滑動位置
if (this.temporaryData.tracking && !this.temporaryData.animation) {
if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
} else {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
// 計算滑動值
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.basicdata.end.x - this.basicdata.start.x
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.basicdata.end.y - this.basicdata.start.y
}
},
touchend (e) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
this.temporaryData.animation = true
// 滑動結束,觸發判斷
// 簡單判斷滑動寬度超出100畫素時觸發滑出
if (Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth) >= 100) {
// 最終位移簡單設定為x軸200畫素的偏移
let ratio = Math.abs(this.temporaryData.posheight / this.temporaryData.poswidth)
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.temporaryData.poswidth >= 0 ? this.temporaryData.poswidth + 200 : this.temporaryData.poswidth - 200
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.temporaryData.posheight >= 0 ? Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio) : -Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio)
this.temporaryData.opacity = 0
// 不滿足條件則滑入
} else {
this.temporaryData.poswidth = 0
this.temporaryData.posheight = 0
}
},
// 非首頁樣式切換
transform (index) {
if (index > this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = 3
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可見數量前滑塊的樣式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
}
},
// 首頁樣式切換
transformIndex (index) {
// 處理3D效果
if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.poswidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.posheight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = this.temporaryData.opacity
style['zIndex'] = 10
if (this.temporaryData.animation) {
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
}
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
複製程式碼
4. 滑出後下一張圖片堆疊到頂部
重新堆疊是元件最後一個功能,同時也是最重要和複雜的功能。在我們的程式碼裡,stack-item的排序依賴繫結:style的transformIndex和transform函式,函式裡判定的條件是currentPage,那是不是改變currentPage,讓其+1,即可完成重新堆疊呢?
答案沒有那麼簡單,因為我們滑出是動畫效果,會進行300ms的時間,而currentPage變化引起的重排,會立即變化,打斷動畫的進行。因此我們需要先修改transform函式的排序條件,後改變currentPage。
具體實現
- 修改transform函式排序條件
- 讓currentPage+1
- 新增onTransitionEnd事件,在滑出結束後,重新放置stack列表中
程式碼如下:
<template>
<ul class="stack">
<li class="stack-item" v-for="(item, index) in pages"
:style="[transformIndex(index),transform(index)]"
@touchmove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@touchstart.stop.capture="touchstart"
@touchend.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousedown.stop.capture="touchstart"
@mouseup.stop.capture="touchend"
@mousemove.stop.capture="touchmove"
@webkit-transition-end="onTransitionEnd"
@transitionend="onTransitionEnd"
>
<img :src="item.src">
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
// pages資料包含基礎的圖片資料
pages: {
type: Array,
default: []
}
},
data () {
return {
// basicdata資料包含元件基本資料
basicdata: {
start: {}, // 記錄起始位置
end: {}, // 記錄終點位置
currentPage: 0 // 預設首圖的序列
},
// temporaryData資料包含元件臨時資料
temporaryData: {
poswidth: '', // 記錄位移
posheight: '', // 記錄位移
lastPosWidth: '', // 記錄上次最終位移
lastPosHeight: '', // 記錄上次最終位移
tracking: false, // 是否在滑動,防止多次操作,影響體驗
animation: false, // 首圖是否啟用動畫效果,預設為否
opacity: 1, // 記錄首圖透明度
swipe: false // onTransition判定條件
}
}
},
methods: {
touchstart (e) {
if (this.temporaryData.tracking) {
return
}
// 是否為touch
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
if (e.touches.length > 1) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
return
} else {
// 記錄起始位置
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
}
// pc操作
} else {
this.basicdata.start.t = new Date().getTime()
this.basicdata.start.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.start.y = e.clientY
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
this.temporaryData.tracking = true
this.temporaryData.animation = false
},
touchmove (e) {
// 記錄滑動位置
if (this.temporaryData.tracking && !this.temporaryData.animation) {
if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.targetTouches[0].clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.targetTouches[0].clientY
} else {
this.basicdata.end.x = e.clientX
this.basicdata.end.y = e.clientY
}
// 計算滑動值
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.basicdata.end.x - this.basicdata.start.x
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.basicdata.end.y - this.basicdata.start.y
}
},
touchend (e) {
this.temporaryData.tracking = false
this.temporaryData.animation = true
// 滑動結束,觸發判斷
// 簡單判斷滑動寬度超出100畫素時觸發滑出
if (Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth) >= 100) {
// 最終位移簡單設定為x軸200畫素的偏移
let ratio = Math.abs(this.temporaryData.posheight / this.temporaryData.poswidth)
this.temporaryData.poswidth = this.temporaryData.poswidth >= 0 ? this.temporaryData.poswidth + 200 : this.temporaryData.poswidth - 200
this.temporaryData.posheight = this.temporaryData.posheight >= 0 ? Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio) : -Math.abs(this.temporaryData.poswidth * ratio)
this.temporaryData.opacity = 0
this.temporaryData.swipe = true
// 記錄最終滑動距離
this.temporaryData.lastPosWidth = this.temporaryData.poswidth
this.temporaryData.lastPosHeight = this.temporaryData.posheight
// currentPage+1 引發排序變化
this.basicdata.currentPage += 1
// currentPage切換,整體dom進行變化,把第一層滑動置零
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.temporaryData.poswidth = 0
this.temporaryData.posheight = 0
this.temporaryData.opacity = 1
})
// 不滿足條件則滑入
} else {
this.temporaryData.poswidth = 0
this.temporaryData.posheight = 0
this.temporaryData.swipe = false
}
},
onTransitionEnd (index) {
// dom發生變化後,正在執行的動畫滑動序列已經變為上一層
if (this.temporaryData.swipe && index === this.basicdata.currentPage - 1) {
this.temporaryData.animation = true
this.temporaryData.lastPosWidth = 0
this.temporaryData.lastPosHeight = 0
this.temporaryData.swipe = false
}
},
// 非首頁樣式切換
transform (index) {
if (index > this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
let visible = 3
let perIndex = index - this.basicdata.currentPage
// visible可見數量前滑塊的樣式
if (index <= this.basicdata.currentPage + visible - 1) {
style['opacity'] = '1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * perIndex * 60 + 'px' + ')'
style['zIndex'] = visible - index + this.basicdata.currentPage
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
} else {
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(0,0,' + -1 * visible * 60 + 'px' + ')'
}
return style
// 已滑動模組釋放後
} else if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage - 1) {
let style = {}
// 繼續執行動畫
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.lastPosWidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.lastPosHeight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = '0'
style['zIndex'] = '-1'
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
return style
}
},
// 首頁樣式切換
transformIndex (index) {
// 處理3D效果
if (index === this.basicdata.currentPage) {
let style = {}
style['transform'] = 'translate3D(' + this.temporaryData.poswidth + 'px' + ',' + this.temporaryData.posheight + 'px' + ',0px)'
style['opacity'] = this.temporaryData.opacity
style['zIndex'] = 10
if (this.temporaryData.animation) {
style['transitionTimingFunction'] = 'ease'
style['transitionDuration'] = 300 + 'ms'
}
return style
}
}
}
}
</script>
複製程式碼
ok~ 完成了上面的四步,堆疊元件的基本功能就已經實現,快來看看效果吧
堆疊滑動效果已經出來了,但是探探在體驗上,還增加了觸碰角度偏移,以及判定滑出面積比例角度偏移的原理,是在使用者每次進行touch時,記錄使用者觸碰位置,計算出最大的偏移角度,在滑動出現位移時,線性增加角度以至最大的偏移角度。 使用在stack中具體要做的是:
- touchmove中計算出所需角度和方向
- touchend及onTransitionEnd中將角度至零
判定滑出面積比例,主要通過偏移量計算出偏移面積,從而得到面積比例,完成判斷
完整的程式碼和demo可以在github上檢視原始碼,這裡就不貼出來了
謝謝大家看完這篇文章,喜歡可以在github上給個⭐️ ,最後祝大家在探探上都能找到前女友?
分享我寫的另一個vue-slider元件vue-consise-slider
最近在找新工作,座標廣州,三年前端經驗,熟悉vue,有工作介紹的朋友可以郵箱聯絡我warpcgd@qq.com