python–inspect模組

inspect模組主要提供了四種用處：

　　1.對是否是模組、框架、函式進行型別檢查

　　2.獲取原始碼

　　3.獲取類或者函式的引數資訊

　　4.解析堆疊

 

一、type and members

1. inspect.getmembers(object[, predicate])

第二個引數通常可以根據需要呼叫如下16個方法；

返回值為object的所有成員，以（name,value）對組成的列表

1. inspect.ismodule(object)： 是否為模組

2. inspect.isclass(object)：是否為類

3. inspect.ismethod(object)：是否為方法（bound method written in python）

4. inspect.isfunction(object)：是否為函式(python function, including lambda expression)

5. inspect.isgeneratorfunction(object)：是否為python生成器函式

6. inspect.isgenerator(object):是否為生成器

7. inspect.istraceback(object)： 是否為traceback

8. inspect.isframe(object)：是否為frame

9. inspect.iscode(object)：是否為code

10. inspect.isbuiltin(object)：是否為built-in函式或built-in方法

11. inspect.isroutine(object)：是否為使用者自定義或者built-in函式或方法

12. inspect.isabstract(object)：是否為抽象基類

13. inspect.ismethoddescriptor(object)：是否為方法識別符號

14. inspect.isdatadescriptor(object)：是否為數字識別符號，數字識別符號有__get__ 和__set__屬性； 通常也有__name__和__doc__屬性

15. inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object)：是否為getset descriptor

16. inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object)：是否為member descriptor

inspect的getmembers()方法可以獲取物件（module、class、method等）的如下屬性： 

Type	Attribute	Description	Notes
module	__doc__	documentation string
	__file__	filename (missing for built-in modules)
class	__doc__	documentation string
	__module__	name of module in which this class was defined
method	__doc__	documentation string
	__name__	name with which this method was defined
	im_class	class object that asked for this method	(1)
	im_func or __func__	function object containing implementation of method
	im_self or __self__	instance to which this method is bound, or None
function	__doc__	documentation string
	__name__	name with which this function was defined
	func_code	code object containing compiled function bytecode
	func_defaults	tuple of any default values for arguments
	func_doc	(same as __doc__)
	func_globals	global namespace in which this function was defined
	func_name	(same as __name__)
generator	__iter__	defined to support iteration over container
	close	raises new GeneratorExit exception inside the generator to terminate the iteration
	gi_code	code object
	gi_frame	frame object or possibly None once the generator has been exhausted
	gi_running	set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
	next	return the next item from the container
	send	resumes the generator and “sends” a value that becomes the result of the current yield-expression
	throw	used to raise an exception inside the generator
traceback	tb_frame	frame object at this level
	tb_lasti	index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
	tb_lineno	current line number in Python source code
	tb_next	next inner traceback object (called by this level)
frame	f_back	next outer frame object (this frame’s caller)
	f_builtins	builtins namespace seen by this frame
	f_code	code object being executed in this frame
	f_exc_traceback	traceback if raised in this frame, or None
	f_exc_type	exception type if raised in this frame, or None
	f_exc_value	exception value if raised in this frame, or None
	f_globals	global namespace seen by this frame
	f_lasti	index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
	f_lineno	current line number in Python source code
	f_locals	local namespace seen by this frame
	f_restricted	0 or 1 if frame is in restricted execution mode
	f_trace	tracing function for this frame, or None
code	co_argcount	number of arguments (not including * or ** args)
	co_code	string of raw compiled bytecode
	co_consts	tuple of constants used in the bytecode
	co_filename	name of file in which this code object was created
	co_firstlineno	number of first line in Python source code
	co_flags	bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg |8=**arg
	co_lnotab	encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
	co_name	name with which this code object was defined
	co_names	tuple of names of local variables
	co_nlocals	number of local variables
	co_stacksize	virtual machine stack space required
	co_varnames	tuple of names of arguments and local variables
builtin	__doc__	documentation string
	__name__	original name of this function or method
	__self__	instance to which a method is bound, or None

 

2. inspect.getmoduleinfo(path)： 返回一個命名元組<named tuple>(name, suffix, mode, module_type)

　　name：模組名（不包括其所在的package）

      suffix：

      mode：open()方法的模式，如：`r`, `a`等

      module_type: 整數，代表了模組的型別

3. inspect.getmodulename(path)：根據path返回模組名（不包括其所在的package）

 

二、Retrieving source code

1. inspect.getdoc(object)： 獲取object的documentation資訊

2. inspect.getcomments(object)

3. inspect.getfile(object): 返回物件的檔名

4. inspect.getmodule(object)：返回object所屬的模組名

5. inspect.getsourcefile(object)： 返回object的python原始檔名；object不能使built-in的module, class, mothod

6. inspect.getsourcelines(object)：返回object的python原始檔程式碼的內容，行號+程式碼行

7. inspect.getsource(object)：以string形式返回object的原始碼

8. inspect.cleandoc(doc)：

 

三、class and functions

1. inspect.getclasstree(classes[, unique])

2. inspect.getargspec(func)

3. inspect.getargvalues(frame)

4. inspect.formatargspec(args[, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])

5. inspect.formatargvalues(args[, varargs, varkw, locals, formatarg, formatvarargs, formatvarkw, formatvalue, join])

6. inspect.getmro(cls)： 元組形式返回cls類的基類（包括cls類），以method resolution順序;通常cls類為元素的第一個元素

7. inspect.getcallargs(func[, *args][, **kwds])：將args和kwds引數到繫結到為func的引數名；對bound方法，也繫結第一個引數（通常為self）到相應的例項；返回字典，對應引數名及其值；

>>> from inspect import getcallargs
>>> def f(a, b=1, *pos, **named):
...     pass
>>> getcallargs(f, 1, 2, 3)
{`a`: 1, `named`: {}, `b`: 2, `pos`: (3,)}
>>> getcallargs(f, a=2, x=4)
{`a`: 2, `named`: {`x`: 4}, `b`: 1, `pos`: ()}
>>> getcallargs(f)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: f() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)

四、The interpreter stack

1. inspect.getframeinfo(frame[, context])

2. inspect.getouterframes(frame[, context])

3. inspect.getinnerframes(traceback[, context])

4. inspect.currentframe()

5. inspect.stack([context])

6. inspect.trace([context])