django基礎-（一）
專案的建立和啟動
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost ~]$ cd /vagrant/
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ django-admin startproject devops
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ tree devops/
devops/ #專案容器
├── devops #是實際的python專案包
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py #配置檔案
│ ├── urls.py #路由檔案
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py #實用的命令列工具
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ vim devops/devops/settings.py #資料庫配置檔案更改
DATABASES = {
`default`: {
`ENGINE`: `django.db.backends.mysql`,
`NAME`: `devops`,
`USER`: `root`,
`PASSWORD`: `123456`,
`HOST`: `localhost`,
`PORT`: 3306,
`OPTIONS`:{
`init_command`: `SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;`,
},
}
}- 服務啟動
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py runserver 0:8000- 新建專案
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py startapp dashboard #方法一
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ django-admin startapp dashboard1 #方法二startproject和startapp的區別
一個專案下有多個app（一對多的關係）- 配置url
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
urlpatterns = [
]- 註冊app
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
`django.contrib.admin`,
`django.contrib.auth`,
`django.contrib.contenttypes`,
`django.contrib.sessions`,
`django.contrib.messages`,
`django.contrib.staticfiles`,
`dashboard`
]hello world
- 檢視函式
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
#檢視函式
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("hello world")- 配置app url
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
url(r`^$`,index,name=`index`)
]- 配置project url
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r`^admin/`, admin.site.urls),
url(r`^dashboard/`,include("dashboard.urls"))
]- 啟動專案
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000HttpRequest物件
- 是在django.http這個模組中
- 是有django建立
- 官方文件docs
常用的屬性：
request.body —–b“
request.scheme —–http
request.path —- /dashboard/
request.method — GET
request.GET
request.POST
request.META
HttpResponse物件
- HttpResponse:返回字串
- JsonResponse:返回字典，注意safe=False是針對於列表型別
GET與POST請求
- GET
request.GET
request.GET.get(`xx`)
request.GET.getlist(`oo`)
- POST
request.GET
request.GET.get(`xx`)
request.GET.getlist(`oo`)Querydict
In [1]: from django.http import QueryDict
In [2]: QueryDict(`aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx`)
Out[2]: <QueryDict: {`aa`: [`bb`], `cc`: [`dd`, `xxx`]}>
In [3]: q = QueryDict(`aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx`)
In [4]: QueryDict.fromkeys([`a`,`b`,`a`],value=`val`)
Out[4]: <QueryDict: {`a`: [`val`, `val`], `b`: [`val`]}>
In [5]: q
Out[5]: <QueryDict: {`aa`: [`bb`], `cc`: [`dd`, `xxx`]}>
In [6]: q.dict()
Out[6]: {`aa`: `bb`, `cc`: `xxx`}
In [7]: q.urlencode()
Out[7]: `aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx`DELETE&PUT請求
請求返回都在request.body中
- 檢視函式
def index_2(request):
if request.method == "GET":
print("request get =",request.GET)
data = request.GET.copy()
data[`aa`] = `xxxxxx`
print("data =",data)
print("aa =",request.GET.get("aa")) #取出單個值
print("cc =",request.GET.getlist("cc")) #取出多個值
elif request.method == "POST":
print("request post =",request.POST)
print("aa =",request.POST.get("aa"))
print("cc =",request.POST.getlist("cc"))
elif request.method == "DELETE":
print("delete=",QueryDict(request.body))
elif request.method == "PUT":
print("put=",QueryDict(request.body))
return HttpResponse("")- 請求方式：
In [1]: import requests
In [2]: url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/"
In [3]: data = {}
In [4]: data[`aa`] = `bb`
In [5]: data[`cc`] = [`dd`,`ee`]
In [9]: requests.delete(url,data=data) Out[9]: <Response [200]>
In [10]: requests.put(url,data=data) Out[10]: <Response [200]>使用者登入練習
- 檢視函式
def login(request):
msg = ""
if request.method == "POST":
username = request.POST.get("username")
userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
if username == "admin" and userpass == "123456":
msg = "login success"
else:
msg = "login failed"
else:
msg = "請求方法不被允許！"
returnHttpResponse(msg) - post請求方法
In [11]: url = "http://192.168.33.10/login/"
In [12]: data = {}
In [13]: data[`username`] = "admin"
In [14]: data[`userpass`] = "123456"
In [16]: r = requests.post(url,data)
In [18]: r.content.decode(`utf8`) 使用者建立
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py dbshell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py showmigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
-----------------------------------建立使用者--------------------------------------
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User
In [2]: User.objects.create_user("wanghui","wanghui@qq.com",`123456`) #建立普通使用者
In [3]: User.objects.create_superuser("admin","admin@qq.com",`123456`) #建立超級管理員———修改密碼——————————————————-
In [5]: u = User.objects.get(username="wanghui")
In [6]: u.set_password(`654321`)
In [7]: u.save() ———刪除使用者—————————-
使用者登入
步驟：
一個檢視
GET請求：展示登陸頁面
POST請求：執行使用者登陸
1. 接收使用者post過來的使用者名稱密碼
2. 驗證使用者名稱密碼
3. 返回結果
- 檢視函式
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate
def LoginView(request):
if request.method == `POST`:
username = request.POST.get(`username`)
userpass = request.POST.get(`userpass`)
# try:
# User.objects.get(username=username)
# except User.DoesNotExist:
# return HttpResponse("使用者不存在！")
user = authenticate(request,username=username,password=userpass)
if user is not None:
login(request,user)
return HttpResponse("使用者登入成功")
else:
return HttpResponse("使用者登入失敗")
return render(request, `login.html`)- 模板檔案
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>使用者登入</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form method="POST">
<li>
<span>username</span>
<input type="text" name="username" id="">
</li>
<li>
<span>password</span>
<input type="password" name="userpass">
</li>
<li>
<input type="submit">
</li>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>- 路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r`^$`,views.index,name="index"),
url(r`^index2/$`,views.index_1,name="index_1"),
url(r`^login/$`,views.loginv1,name="login"),
url(r`^loginv2/$`,views.LoginView,name="loginv2"),
]