實驗內容

1、使用可變長子網掩碼（VLSM）劃分子網：

2、利用靜態路由實現各個網路的連通，並利用預設路由優化路由表

實驗目的

• 熟練掌握IP地址的劃分
• 掌握靜態路由和預設路由的基本配置，實現不同網路的互聯互通

實驗步驟

1、求下列地址的網路變化和廣播地址

172.16.10.255   /16
192.168.1.47    /27

地址	網路編號	廣播地址
172.168.10.255/16	172.16.0.0/16	172.16.255.255/16
192.168.1.47/27	192.168.1.32/27	192.168.1.63/27

2、請問下列地址是否可以分配給主機

192.168.10.31  /28

172.16.10.255  /19

答：192.168.10.31/28是廣播地址，無法分配給主機，172.16.10.255/19可以分配給主機。

3、請問下列地址中哪些地址分配給主機後可以直接通訊（無需路由）

192.168.10.34 /28

192.168.10.53 /28

192.168.10.31 /28

192.168.10.61 /28

答：只有192.168.10.53 /28、192.168.10.61 /28分配給主機後可以直接通訊，因為處於同一網段。

實驗操作

地址劃分

路由器	網路地址	廣播地址	可用的主機地址
A（26）	192.168.20.32/27	192.168.20.63/27	192.168.20.33~62(30個）
B（10）	192.168.20.16/28	192.168.20.31/28	192.168.20.17~30（14個）
C（5）	192.168.20.8/29	192.168.20.15/29	192.168.20.9~14（6個）
D（6）	192.168.20.128/25	192.168.20.256/25	192.168.129~255（126個）

網路拓撲結構

路由器配置

Router1

Router2

Router3

router4

測試

用pc1進行測試，分別測試192.168.1.0網段、192.168.2.0網段、192.168.3.0網段、192.168.4.0網段，10.0.1.0網段、10.0.2.0網段、10.0.3.0網段共7個網段。

Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig

FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)

   Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::260:5CFF:FEE1:5CBC
   IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1
   Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.254

PC>ping 192.168.1.0

Pinging 192.168.1.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.0

Pinging 192.168.2.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 192.168.3.0

Pinging 192.168.3.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=253

Ping statistics for 192.168.3.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 3ms

PC>ping 192.168.4.0

Pinging 192.168.4.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=252
Reply from 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=252
Reply from 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=252

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

PC>ping 10.0.1.0

Pinging 10.0.1.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 10.0.1.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 10.0.2.0

Pinging 10.0.2.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 10.0.2.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 10.0.3.0

Pinging 10.0.3.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253

Ping statistics for 10.0.3.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 6ms, Average = 2ms

PC>

至此，該實驗結束！