什麼是容器
在開發過程中,經常會用到的一個概念就是依賴注入。我們藉助依懶注入來解耦程式碼,選擇性的按需載入服務,而這些通常都是藉助容器來實現。
容器實現對物件的統一管理,並且確保物件例項的唯一性
容器可以很輕易的找到有很多實現示例,如 PHP-DI 、 YII-DI 等各種實現,通常他們要麼大而全,要麼高度適配特定業務,與實際需要存在衝突。
出於需要,我們自己造一個輕量級的輪子,為了保持規範,我們基於 PSR-11 來實現。
PSR-11
PSR 是 php-fig 提供的標準化建議,雖然不是官方組織,但是得到廣泛認可。PSR-11 提供了容器介面。它包含 ContainerInterface 和 兩個異常介面,並提供使用建議。
/**
* Describes the interface of a container that exposes methods to read its entries.
*/
interface ContainerInterface
{
/**
* Finds an entry of the container by its identifier and returns it.
*
* @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for.
*
* @throws NotFoundExceptionInterface No entry was found for **this** identifier.
* @throws ContainerExceptionInterface Error while retrieving the entry.
*
* @return mixed Entry.
*/
public function get($id);
/**
* Returns true if the container can return an entry for the given identifier.
* Returns false otherwise.
*
* `has($id)` returning true does not mean that `get($id)` will not throw an exception.
* It does however mean that `get($id)` will not throw a `NotFoundExceptionInterface`.
*
* @param string $id Identifier of the entry to look for.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function has($id);
}
實現示例
我們先來實現介面中要求的兩個方法
abstract class AbstractContainer implements ContainerInterface
{
protected $resolvedEntries = [];
/**
* @var array
*/
protected $definitions = [];
public function __construct($definitions = [])
{
foreach ($definitions as $id => $definition) {
$this->injection($id, $definition);
}
}
public function get($id)
{
if (!$this->has($id)) {
throw new NotFoundException("No entry or class found for {$id}");
}
$instance = $this->make($id);
return $instance;
}
public function has($id)
{
return isset($this->definitions[$id]);
}
實際我們容器中注入的物件是多種多樣的,所以我們單獨抽出例項化方法。
protected function make($name)
{
if (isset($this->resolvedEntries[$name])) {
return $this->resolvedEntries[$name];
}
$definition = $this->definitions[$name];
$params = [];
if (is_array($definition) && isset($definition[`class`])) {
$params = $definition;
$definition = $definition[`class`];
unset($params[`class`]);
}
$object = $this->reflector($definition, $params);
return $this->resolvedEntries[$name] = $object;
}
public function reflector($concrete, array $params = [])
{
if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
return $concrete($params);
} elseif (is_string($concrete)) {
$reflection = new ReflectionClass($concrete);
$dependencies = $this->getDependencies($reflection);
foreach ($params as $index => $value) {
$dependencies[$index] = $value;
}
return $reflection->newInstanceArgs($dependencies);
} elseif (is_object($concrete)) {
return $concrete;
}
}
/**
* @param ReflectionClass $reflection
* @return array
*/
private function getDependencies($reflection)
{
$dependencies = [];
$constructor = $reflection->getConstructor();
if ($constructor !== null) {
$parameters = $constructor->getParameters();
$dependencies = $this->getParametersByDependencies($parameters);
}
return $dependencies;
}
/**
*
* 獲取構造類相關引數的依賴
* @param array $dependencies
* @return array $parameters
* */
private function getParametersByDependencies(array $dependencies)
{
$parameters = [];
foreach ($dependencies as $param) {
if ($param->getClass()) {
$paramName = $param->getClass()->name;
$paramObject = $this->reflector($paramName);
$parameters[] = $paramObject;
} elseif ($param->isArray()) {
if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
$parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
} else {
$parameters[] = [];
}
} elseif ($param->isCallable()) {
if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
$parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
} else {
$parameters[] = function ($arg) {
};
}
} else {
if ($param->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
$parameters[] = $param->getDefaultValue();
} else {
if ($param->allowsNull()) {
$parameters[] = null;
} else {
$parameters[] = false;
}
}
}
}
return $parameters;
}
如你所見,到目前為止我們只實現了從容器中取出例項,從哪裡去提供例項定義呢,所以我們還需要提供一個方法.
/**
* @param string $id
* @param string | array | callable $concrete
* @throws ContainerException
*/
public function injection($id, $concrete)
{
if (!is_string($id)) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf(
`The id parameter must be of type string, %s given`,
is_object($id) ? get_class($id) : gettype($id)
));
}
if (is_array($concrete) && !isset($concrete[`class`])) {
throw new ContainerException(`陣列必須包含類定義`);
}
$this->definitions[$id] = $concrete;
}
只有這樣嗎?對的,有了這些操作我們已經有一個完整的容器了,插箱即用。
不過為了使用方便,我們可以再提供一些便捷的方法,比如陣列式訪問。
class Container extends AbstractContainer implements ArrayAccess
{
public function offsetExists($offset)
{
return $this->has($offset);
}
public function offsetGet($offset)
{
return $this->get($offset);
}
public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
{
return $this->injection($offset, $value);
}
public function offsetUnset($offset)
{
unset($this->resolvedEntries[$offset]);
unset($this->definitions[$offset]);
}
}
這樣我們就擁有了一個功能豐富,使用方便的輕量級容器了,趕快整合到你的專案中去吧。
點選這裡檢視完整程式碼