安裝Oracle RAC 11g

hooca發表於2014-12-05
原文網址 : http://blog.itpub.net/22621861/viewspace-1358033/
Oracle
OS：Oracle Linux 5u8
DB:  Oracle 11.2.0.5

一：伺服器環境

軟體包安裝

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. yum -y install \
  2. compat-db \
  3. control-center \
  4. gcc \
  5. gcc-c++ \
  6. glibc \
  7. glibc-common \
  8. glibc-devel \
  9. libstdc++ \
  10. libstdc++-devel \
  11. make \
  12. sysstat \
  13. libaio \
  14. compat-libstdc++-33 \
  15. glibc-headers \
  16. kernel-headers \
  17. libXp \
  18. openmotif22 \
  19. compat-libf2c \
  20. compat-libgcc \
  21. libgomp \
  22. libXmu \
  23. elfutils-libelf \
  24. elfutils-libelf-devel \
  25. elfutils-libelf-devel-static \
  26. libaio-devel \
  27. unixODBC \
  28. unixODBC-devel \
  29. libgcc
cat /etc/sysctl.conf

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  1. # Kernel sysctl configuration file for Oracle Enterprise Linux
  2. #
  3. # For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
  4. # sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

  6. # Controls IP packet forwarding
  7. net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

  9. # Controls source route verification
  10. # See /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-*/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
  11. net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

  13. # Do not accept source routing
  14. net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

  16. # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

  18. # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename
  19. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications
  20. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

  22. # Controls the use of TCP syncookies
  23. net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

  25. # Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

  27. # Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

  29. # Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

  31. # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
  32. ## MLXNET tuning parameters ##
  33. net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
  34. net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
  35. net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 1
  36. net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 250000
  37. net.core.optmem_max = 16777216
  38. net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16777216 16777216 16777216
  39. net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
  40. net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
  41. ## END MLXNET ##

  43. # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for fs.file-max is 6815744
  44. # For 10g, uncomment 'fs.file-max = 327679', and comment 'fs.file-max = 6553600' entry and re-run sysctl -p
  45. # fs.file-max = 327679
  46. fs.file-max = 6815744

  48. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmni is 2878
  49. kernel.msgmni = 2878

  51. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmax is 8192
  52. kernel.msgmax = 8192

  54. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmnb is 65536
  55. kernel.msgmnb = 65536

  57. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 142'
  58. kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142

  60. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096
  61. kernel.shmmni = 4096

  63. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824
  64. kernel.shmall = 1073741824

  66. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 and 4294967295 on i386 architecture. Refer Note id 567506.1
  67. kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

  69. # Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sysrq is 1
  70. kernel.sysrq = 1

  72. # Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144
  73. net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

  75. # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304
  76. # For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.rmem_max = 2097152', comment 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' entry and re-run sysctl -p
  77. # net.core.rmem_max = 2097152
  78. net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

  80. # Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144
  81. net.core.wmem_default = 262144

  83. # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576
  84. # For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.wmem_max = 262144', comment 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048576' entry for this parameter and re-run sysctl -p
  85. # net.core.wmem_max = 262144
  86. net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

  88. # Oracle-Validated setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 3145728
  89. fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728

  91. # For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
  92. # For 10g, uncomment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000', comment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' entry and re-run sysctl -p
  93. # net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
  94. net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

  96. # Oracle-Validated setting for vm.min_free_kbytes is 51200 to avoid OOM killer
  97. vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

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  1. # Oracle-Validated setting for nofile soft limit is 131072
  2. oracle soft nofile 131072
  3. grid soft nofile 131072

  5. # Oracle-Validated setting for nofile hard limit is 131072
  6. oracle hard nofile 131072
  7. grid hard nofile 131072

  9. # Oracle-Validated setting for nproc soft limit is 131072
  10. oracle soft nproc 131072
  11. grid soft nproc 131072

  13. # Oracle-Validated setting for nproc hard limit is 131072
  14. oracle hard nproc 131072
  15. grid hard nproc 131072

  17. # Oracle-Validated setting for core soft limit is unlimited
  18. oracle soft core unlimited
  19. grid soft core unlimited

  21. # Oracle-Validated setting for core hard limit is unlimited
  22. oracle hard core unlimited
  23. grid hard core unlimited

  25. # Oracle-Validated setting for memlock soft limit is 50000000
  26. oracle soft memlock 50000000
  27. grid soft memlock 50000000

  29. # Oracle-Validated setting for memlock hard limit is 50000000
  30. oracle hard memlock 50000000
  31. grid hard memlock 50000000
vi /etc/pam.d/login
增加一行

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
vi /etc/profile

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  1. if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
  2.         if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  3.               ulimit -p 16384
  4.               ulimit -n 65536
  5.         else
  6.               ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  7.         fi
  8. fi
配置好DNS或GNS

vi /etc/hosts

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  1. # Public Network - (eth0)
  2. 192.168.226.11 node1 node1.demo.com
  3. 192.168.226.12 node2 node2.demo.com

  5. # Private Interconnect - (eth1)
  6. 10.1.1.1 node1-priv node1-priv.demo.com
  7. 10.1.1.2 node2-priv node2-priv.demo.com

  9. # Public Virtual IP (VIP) addresses - (eth0:1)
  10. 192.168.226.21 node1-vip node1-vip.demo.com
  11. 192.168.226.22 node2-vip node2-vip.demo.com
建立使用者和組

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  1. groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
  2. groupadd -g 1100 asmadmin
  3. groupadd -g 1200 dba
  4. groupadd -g 1201 oper
  5. groupadd -g 1300 asmdba
  6. groupadd -g 1301 asmoper
  7. useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
  8. useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle
然後用passwd修改grid和oracle使用者密碼

建立目錄

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  1. mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
  2. chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
  3. mkdir /u01/app/oracle
  4. chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
  5. chmod -R 775 /u01

使用者環境變數
vi. bash_profile

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  1. #grid
  2. # Oracle env settings
  3. export TMP=/tmp
  4. export TMPDIR=$TMP
  5. export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
  6. export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
  7. export GRID_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
  8. export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
  9. export ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql
  10. export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
  11. export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
  12. export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
  13. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
  14. export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
  15. export SQLPATH=~/admin/sql:$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
  16. export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
  17. export NLS_LANG='american_america.zhs16gbk'
  18. export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'

  20. #oracle使用者
  21. # Oracle env settings
  22. export TMP=/tmp
  23. export TMPDIR=$TMP
  24. export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
  25. export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
  26. export ORACLE_SID=racdb1
  27. export ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb
  28. export ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql
  29. export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
  30. export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
  31. export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin
  32. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
  33. export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
  34. export SQLPATH=~/admin/sql:$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
  35. export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
  36. export NLS_LANG='american_america.zhs16gbk'
  37. export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
配置NTP服務

配置grid使用者等效性

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. mkdir ~/.ssh
  2. chmod 700 ~/.ssh
  3. ssh-keygen -t rsa

  5. ssh-keygen -t dsa

  7. #在rac1上執行：
  8. cd ~/.ssh
  9. cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  10. cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  11. scp authorized_keys rac2:/home/grid/.ssh/
  12. 在rac2上執行
  13. cd ~/.ssh
  14. cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  15. cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  16. scp authorized_keys rac1:/home/grid/.ssh/




安裝cvuqdisk包

將grid安裝目錄中的grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1rpm，分發到每個叢集節點安裝。然後執行驗證。

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  1. ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n node1,node2 -fixup -verbose
這裡可能會出現有關NTP配置的錯誤：
PRVF-5436 : The NTP daemon running on one or more nodes lacks the slewing option "-x" 3.INFO: Clock synchronization check using Network Time Protocol(NTP) failed 4.INFO: PRVF-9652 : Cluster Time Synchronization Services check failed 原來是因為啟動了NTP服務，並且沒有加上-X這個引數。增加這個引數，不同的引數系統用不同方法，下面是LINUX的方法。

vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"
然後重啟ntpd服務

配置ASMLib

安裝RPM包
RHEL5：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html#oracleasm_rhel5_amd64
RHEL6：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/asmlib/ol6-1709075.html

配置（所有節點都需要做）

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.


This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting without typing an
answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.


Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: 
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver:                     [  OK  ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks:               [  OK  ]
為每個將用作ASM磁碟的iscsi磁碟做好分割槽，然後建立ASM磁碟

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk OCRVDISK1 /dev/sdc1
  2. Marking disk "OCRVDISK1" as an ASM disk:                   [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk OCRVDISK2 /dev/sdd1
    Marking disk "OCRVDISK2" as an ASM disk:                   [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk OCRVDISK3 /dev/sde1
    Marking disk "OCRVDISK3" as an ASM disk:                   [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# 
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DBFILE1 /dev/sdf1  
    Marking disk "DBFILE1" as an ASM disk:                     [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DBFILE2 /dev/sdg1
    Marking disk "DBFILE2" as an ASM disk:                     [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DBFILE3 /dev/sdh1
    Marking disk "DBFILE3" as an ASM disk:                     [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk FRA1 /dev/sdi1   
    Marking disk "FRA1" as an ASM disk:                        [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk FRA2 /dev/sdj1
    Marking disk "FRA2" as an ASM disk:                        [  OK  ]
    [root@node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk FRA3 /dev/sdk1
    Marking disk "FRA3" as an ASM disk:                        [  OK  ]
此時在node2上執行

點選(此處)摺疊或開啟

  1. oracleasm scandisks
至此，可以開始安裝GI了。

完成GI安裝後，開始安裝RDBMS（選擇只安裝軟體，不要建立例項）。

完成後，接下來使用asmca建立ASM例項。

接下來，使用DBCA建立資料庫例項

















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