ORACLE無GUI搭建環境

下載oracle 11g
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

一 安裝java
檢視CentOS自帶JDK是否已安裝。yum list installed |grep java

檢視yum庫中的Java安裝包 命令：yum -y list java 看看可安裝的軟體包有沒有java-1.8.0-openjdk

二 檢查和安裝需要的rpm
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip

三 建立使用者組和使用者
userdel -r oracle
groupadd -g 700 oinstall
groupadd -g 701 dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -u 700 oracle
passwd oracle

id oracle

四 設定ORACLE環境變數
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export NLS_LANG="american_america.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

//指令碼方式
new_export = "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile

bash shell:指令碼中修改profile檔案更新LD_LIBRARY_PATH的示例 http://blog.csdn.net/10km/article/details/51953721

source ~/.bash_profile

檢視環境變數是否完成
env | grep ORA

五 建立安裝目錄
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc==/home/oracle/oralnventory
inst_group=oinstall

source /etc/oralnst.loc
 
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

五 解壓
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip; unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

六 複製響應檔案模板
用oracle使用者複製
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/etc
mkdir /home/oracle/oralnventory
cp /u02/oracle/database/response/*  /home/oracle/etc/
七 設定響應檔案
su - root
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp（注意所有者，oinstall）
八 靜默安裝Oracle軟體 
su - oracle
修改安裝Oracle軟體的響應檔案/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

#刪除應答檔案中的註釋行(以#開頭)
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp
刪除沒有內容的空行(^$)
$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY         // 29 安裝型別

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle                            // 37 主機名稱（hostname查詢）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                          // 42 安裝組

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory            //47 INVENTORY目錄（不填就是預設值）  注意：這裡inventory目錄最好不要填寫與oracle安裝路徑一致的目錄，會報錯

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW                       // 78 選擇語言

ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1         // 83 oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle                                 // 88 oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                     // 99 oracle版本

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false                     //自定義安裝，否，使用預設元件

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                          // 143 dba使用者組

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall                   // 147 oper使用者組

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE         // 160 資料庫型別

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl              // 165 globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl                          // 170 SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920        // 200 自動管理記憶體的記憶體(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle        // 233 設定所有資料庫使用者使用同一個密碼
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false            // 376（手動寫了false）

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true                                // 385 設定安全更新（貌似是有bug，這個一定要選true，否則會無限提醒郵件地址有問題，終止安裝。PS：不管地址對不對）

執行命令 開始預設安裝
cd /u02/oracle/database

./runInstaller  -ignorePrereq -silent -force -responseFile  /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

安嚮導執行倆檔案
/home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

九 靜默配置網路
編輯netca.rsp檔案

$ more /u02/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

在oracle使用者下
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /u02/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

十 靜默安裝資料庫
在oracle 使用者安裝。需要配置靜默安裝資料庫響應的模板檔案，也是在安裝軟體包中解壓在database下的response 目錄下的 dbca_rsp 檔案，具體配置如下
vim dbca.rsp

//$ more /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

cp /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp.bak

vi /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "lanmao"           #全域性資料庫的名字

SID = "orcl"                 # 資料庫例項，根據上面的你寫的SID 一樣的，隨便寫。

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"   #  這個可以是預設的模板，不會寫預設的，最好是預設，

                                 這裡是我們dba 寫的，所以就用上了。

SYSPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"   # 前面這四個都可以不管，預設就行

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"         #編碼

NATIONALCHARACTERSET=“UTF8”   #編碼

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB = "iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ:1521:orcl"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"

GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /db/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

跟蹤錯誤sqlplus 方法
strace sqlplus / as sysdba
檢視為什麼出現 ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

參考 使用Shell指令碼實現自動化靜默安裝Oracle軟體https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager.git
一個表或索引或其它物件使用BUFFER CACHE，最終使用哪個CBC LATCH,由其檔案號以及資料塊號，進行HASH後使用指定的CBC LATCH

使用Shell指令碼實現自動化靜默安裝Oracle軟體

第一篇 靜默方式安裝oracle 11g 完整攻略
下載oracle 11g
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

一 安裝java
檢視CentOS自帶JDK是否已安裝。yum list installed |grep java

檢視yum庫中的Java安裝包 命令：yum -y list java 看看可安裝的軟體包有沒有java-1.8.0-openjdk

二 檢查和安裝需要的rpm

各個版本的檢查包和版本可以看官方文件
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm#BHCFACHG
具體所有安裝包是否已安裝檢查方法
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst  make sysstat  unixODBC unixODBC-devel
檢查有沒有31個

還能用如下方式檢查，包括centos6，centos7的包
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libXi \
libXtst \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

如缺少相應包可用yum -y install 安裝，也可以按如下方式直接把需要的所有依賴包安裝上
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

網上搜尋的方法也可以參考如下
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip unixODBC-devel
還有必須下載的包
 wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/www.whiteboxlinux.org/whitebox/4/en/updates/i686/glibc-2.3.4-2.43.i686.rpm

 
三 建立使用者組和使用者
userdel -r oracle
groupadd -g 700 oinstall
groupadd -g 701 dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -u 700 oracle
passwd oracle

id oracle

四 設定ORACLE環境變數
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export NLS_LANG="american_america.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

//指令碼方式初始化環境變數參考方法
new_export = "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile
bash shell:指令碼中修改profile檔案更新LD_LIBRARY_PATH的示例 http://blog.csdn.net/10km/article/details/51953721

source ~/.bash_profile

檢視環境變數是否完成
env | grep ORA

五 建立安裝目錄
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc==/home/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

source /etc/oraInst.loc
 
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

五 解壓安裝檔案
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip;
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

六 複製響應檔案模板
用oracle使用者複製
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/etc --放配置檔案 如響應檔案
mkdir /home/oracle/oraInventory --放產品目錄相關檔案
cp /u02/oracle/database/response/*  /home/oracle/etc/

七 設定響應檔案許可權
su - root
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp（注意所有者，oinstall）
八 靜默安裝Oracle軟體 
su - oracle
修改安裝Oracle軟體的響應檔案/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

#刪除應答檔案中的註釋行(以#開頭)
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp
刪除沒有內容的空行(^$)
$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

檔案內容詳細介紹
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY         // 29 安裝型別

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle                            // 37 主機名稱（hostname查詢）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                          // 42 安裝組

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory            //47 INVENTORY目錄（不填就是預設值）  注意：這裡inventory目錄最好不要填寫與oracle安裝路徑一致的目錄，會報錯

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW                       // 78 選擇語言

ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1         // 83 oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle                                 // 88 oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                     // 99 oracle版本

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false                     //自定義安裝，否，使用預設元件

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                          // 143 dba使用者組

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall                   // 147 oper使用者組

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE         // 160 資料庫型別

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl              // 165 globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl                          // 170 SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920        // 200 自動管理記憶體的記憶體(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle        // 233 設定所有資料庫使用者使用同一個密碼
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false            // 376（手動寫了false）

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true                                // 385 設定安全更新（貌似是有bug，這個一定要選true，否則會無限提醒郵件地址有問題，終止安裝。PS：不管地址對不對）

實際產品庫詳單參考db_install.rsp內容
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
"/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp" 53L, 2500C
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=400
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u02/oracle/oradata/
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

執行命令 開始預設安裝
cd /u02/oracle/database

./runInstaller  -ignorePrereq -showProgress -silent -responseFile  /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp 這種方法不顯示日誌
./runInstaller  -ignorePrereq -showProgress -silent -force -responseFile  /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
./runInstaller  -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
這時可以看安裝日誌
INFO: Number of threads for fast copy :1

注意問題點
這裡在centos7上安裝oracle11g時，不論11.1.0.1還是 11.2.0.4 都會報錯
String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
這個錯誤相當於圖形介面安裝時遇到的錯誤，但圖形介面安裝遇到錯誤，會停止，且提供重試的按鈕，靜默安裝就不成，具體解決方法可以參考
http://www.jb51.net/article/129719.htm《CentOS 7.4下安裝Oracle 11.2.0.4資料庫的方法》 這裡需要編輯安裝檔案

按嚮導執行倆檔案
/home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

九 靜默配置網路
編輯netca.rsp檔案

$ more /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

在oracle使用者下
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

十 靜默安裝資料庫
在oracle 使用者安裝。需要配置靜默安裝資料庫響應的模板檔案，也是在安裝軟體包中解壓在database下的response 目錄下的 dbca_rsp 檔案，具體配置如下
//$ more /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

vi /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl11g.localdomain"
SID = "orcl11g"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
DATAFILEDESTINATION=/u02/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "AL16UTF16"
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g"
LISTENERS=LISTENER
TOTALMEMORY = "700"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"

執行安裝
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
--/u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

十一 刪除方法
資料庫安裝成功後，要刪除執行的命令
先刪除資料庫
/home/oracle/database/dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl11g -sid orcl11g -sysDBAUserName system -sysDBAPassword oracle

沒安裝成功時刪除資料庫和軟體方法
刪除/u02/oracle/oradata目錄下對應資料庫資料夾
刪除/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area 目錄下對應資料庫資料夾
最重要/etc/oratab 刪除裡面最後的對應資料庫的記錄
--刪除 vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

root使用者
清空swap空間，刪除資料檔案和oracle相應目錄
swapoff -a && swapon -a
rm -fr /u02/oracle/oradata
rm -fr /u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
rm -fr /home/oracle/oraInventory
rm -fr /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

刪除配置檔案內容
vi /etc/oratab
--vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
--sed -i '/^<HOME NAME="OraDb11g_home1"/d' /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
重建對應目錄
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

mkdir -p /u02/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle/oradata
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle/oradata
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/oraInventory

/u02/oracle/oradiag_oracle/diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2133379358_76/alert

跟蹤錯誤sqlplus 方法
strace sqlplus / as sysdba
strace -f -o /tmp/sqlplus.log sqlplus / as sysdba
檢視為什麼出現 ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

select open_mode from v$database;

遇到的問題
問題1
在靜默安裝oracle的時候，在安裝軟體以後，進入sqlplus後，總是報TNS connect lost，這時就在網上檢視了這個錯誤對應問題，其中說是
bin目錄裡oracle執行檔案大小為0，後來就反覆裝，發現裝的時候果然系統裝到link oracle的時候就不動了，最後看日誌的時候看這裡最終
報錯。然後就在日誌裡檢視了對應的錯誤。和日誌裡遇到的第一個錯誤。
其實判斷這個題很容易，重要的是看日誌
日誌在安裝時，已經輸出了具體位置和檔名，開啟後就能看到。裡面發現的第一個報錯資訊
INFO: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1
make: *** [emdctl] Error 2

INFO: End output from spawned process.
INFO: ----------------------------------
INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-12-12_04-48-00PM.log' for details.
Exception Severity: 1
然後根據網上的提示就是在ins_emagent里加 -lnnet11
然後為讓這些位元組是0的檔案生效，就執行了bin目錄裡的relink all
最後oracle檔案就生成了，且在進入sqlplus就不報tns的錯誤了，最後說的是連線一個正常例項的問題。

列印日誌的時候，在這個位置會等很長時間
INFO:  - Linking Oracle
rm -f /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle

INFO: gcc  -o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle -m64 -z noexecstack -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/stubs/   -Wl,-E /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/opimai.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ssoraed.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ttcsoi.o  -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv11 -Wl,--no-whole-archive /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/nautab.o /u02/oracl
INFO: e/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naeet.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naect.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naedhs.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/config.o  -lserver11 -lodm11 -lcell11 -lnnet11 -lskgxp11 -lsnls11 -lnls11  -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lxml11 -lcore11 -lunls11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lnls11 -lclient11  -lvsn11 -lcommon11 -lgeneric11 -lknlopt `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep xsyeolap

......
    `cat /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/db
INFO: home_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib -lm    `cat /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm   -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib

orapwd FILE=orapwdORCL11g.pwd PASSWORD=welcome1 ENTRIES=30

問題2 建立資料庫時報錯
排錯方法 看建立資料庫時alert方法
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/orcl11g/orcl11g/trace
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ trace]$ ls -alcr | grep alert
-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 64209 Dec 14 14:45 alert_orcl11g.log
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ trace]$ ls -alcr | grep alert
在其中找到了pfile檔案
/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora
startup nomount pfile=/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora;

/u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl11g/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_ora_16270.trc
要根據pfile生成spfile，資料庫就能啟動到open了
create spfile from pfile='/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora'
create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl11g.ora'

問題3 手工建庫時的問題
根據文件手工建立資料庫，但輸入建立語句後，系統提示如下錯誤
ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed

ORA-01519: error while processing file '?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq' near line 5

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1

ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' does not exist or of wrong type

這個提示實際很明顯，但特別注意的是要保證引數檔案裡的回退表空間名字和create database語句
裡的表空間名字要一樣，而不是和create database裡的回退資料檔名一樣，這很重要，這可以保證
後面執行指令碼時沒有莫名其妙的錯誤。

手工建庫的過程如下
1 刪除已有資料庫
rm -fr oradata/orcl11g/*.*
rm -fr fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl

2
orapwd FILE=orapwdSORCL.pwd PASSWORD=oracle ENTRIES=30
CREATE SPFILE='spfile.ora' FROM
       PFILE='init.ora';

 CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
     MAXLOGFILES 5
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
        DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
        TEMPFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
        SIZE 20M REUSE
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs --undotbs 必須和引數檔案中指定名字一樣
        DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/UNDOTBS_01.dbf' --UNDOTBS_01沒事隨便取名
        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  
rm -fr /tmp/logsql.txt
spool /tmp/logsql.txt --這樣可以執行sql指令碼後的日誌
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
spool off

克隆安裝資料庫軟體
在一臺機器上克隆安裝第二個oracle 軟體
1增加swap分割槽
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap1 bs=612 count=612000
mkswap /home/swap1
swapon /home/swap1

2複製dbhome_1到新位置 cp -r /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
3chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03_clone/oracle
su - oracle
4 登記複製後的資訊命令
cd /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/clone/bin
perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE=/u03_clone/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1  ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb11g_home_clone
5 驗證是否加入產品列表目錄，軟體是否安裝成功
vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

dgbroker
1：主庫配置listener.ora檔案和tnsnames.ora檔案，新增GLOBAL_DBNAME引數，重啟監聽器，所有的節點都需要配置
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST = 
    (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PRIMARY) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = orcl11g)  
    )
 (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PRIMARY_DGMGRL) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = orcl11g)  
    )
  ) 
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u02/oracle
 
 
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 
PRIMARY = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  ) 
 
PHYSICAL = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1522)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  )

複製主庫listener和tnsname到備庫
cd /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
cp listener.ora tnsnames.ora /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
 
備庫上的listener和tnsname
SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST = 
    (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PHYSICAL) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = sorcl11g)         
    )
 (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PHYSICAL_DGMGRL) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = sorcl11g)   
    )
  ) 
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u02/oracle

備庫的tnsname

PHYSICAL = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1522)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  )

PRIMARY = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  ) 
注意 這裡埠號和主庫的埠不應一致，因為此時環境是一個節點上有兩個ORACLE產品兩個ORACLE資料庫

2：設定DG_BROKER_START引數，所有的節點都需要配置
2.1基本配置
alter system set db_unique_name='PRIMARY' scope=spfile;

alter system set standby_file_management ='AUTO';

alter database add standby logfile group  11 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby11.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group  12 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby12.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group  13 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby13.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group  14 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby14.log' size 50m;

2.2主庫歸檔
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog';
alter database archivelog;

主庫啟動broker
show parameter dg_broker_start;
!ps -ef |grep dmon 
alter system set dg_broker_start=TRUE;
!ps -ef |grep dmon 

alter database open;
在主庫重新生成pfile create pfile from spfile;

2.3 備份主庫：

　　a.rman target /

　　b.backup database;

2.4 在備庫上克隆主庫：
     
　　a.cd /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
      cp initorcl11g.ora orapworcl11g /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
     
      修改備庫pfile上的db_unique_name=PHYSICAL
   因為在同一臺機器的不同位置安裝了另一個oracle軟體，所以還要設定資料存放位置的引數
   su - oracle
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/flash_recovery_area
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/admin/orcl11g/adump
      如果主端與備端目錄不同繼續修改引數，在兩端的pfile檔案中要新增,當然如果相同也可以新增：
   *.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/','/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g'
   *.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/','/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g'

  
  
      要在同一臺機器上啟動另一產品的資料庫，必須先啟動不同的listener，然後啟動倆資料庫
      同一機器上啟動不同產品的listener 必須要有TNS_ADMIN
      開啟視窗1 export TNS_ADMIN=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin        主庫listener
      開啟視窗2 export TNS_ADMIN=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin   備庫listener 

　　b.啟動資料庫到nomount：
      在視窗1
      export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
   echo $ORACLE_SID
      sqlplus / as sysdba
   startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
   在視窗2
   export ORACLE_SID=sorcl11g
   echo $ORACLE_SID
      sqlplus / as sysdba
   startup nomount pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

   在備庫還得再建立一個空的新的資料庫
   CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
     MAXLOGFILES 5
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
        DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
        TEMPFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
        SIZE 20M REUSE
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
        DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/UNDOTBS_01.dbf'
        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  
　　c.登陸rman：

rman target sys/oracle@PRIMARY auxiliary sys/oracle@PHYSICAL
rman target system/oracle@PHYSICAL auxiliary system/oracle@PRIMARY
　　d.開始克隆：

問題 重點看
rman target sys/oracle@PRIMARY auxiliary sys/oracle@PHYSICAL
這裡連線auxiliary庫的時候，死活又在那報無效使用者名稱密碼的問題，具體提示如下
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04005: error from target database:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
解決問題是想在一臺機器上覆制一個已經可以的oracle軟體產品，到另一個目錄，重新安裝一個oracle軟體，特別是
複製了已安好的ORACLE_HOME下的dbs下的所有檔案後，發現initorcl.ora需要修改成initsorcl.ora，這邊新安得軟體對應的庫
才能識別，所以同意密碼檔案也應該是orapwsorcl 而不是直接從原來的庫拿過來的密碼檔案對應的資料庫名，原庫密碼檔案是
orapworcl 要改成oraopworcl 資料庫名和原資料庫名一樣對應密碼檔名也要修改。
另外注意 遠端連線rman時，system沒有許可權訪問rman所以也會報無效使用者名稱密碼問題，所以只能用sys使用者遠端連線rman
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;
如果資料檔案與重做日誌檔案目錄相同，要新增 nofilenamecheck ，否則不需要新增

檢視日誌
vi /u03_clone/oracle/diag/rdbms/physical/orcl11g/trace/alert_orcl11g.log
vi /u03_clone/oracle/diag/rdbms/physical/sorcl11g/trace/alert_sorcl11g.log
vi /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/alert_orcl11g.log

/u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/drcorcl11g.log

startup nomount pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
startup upgrade pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
startup open pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora

測試遠端連線備庫
export ORACLE_SID=sorcl11g
export ORACLE_HOME=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

tnsping DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT=1522)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PHYSICAL.localdomain)(CID=(PROGRAM=oracle)(HOST=iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(USER=oracle))))
       (DESCRIPTION=              (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test01.cyou.com)        (PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=stest_DGMGRL)         (INSTANCE_NAME=test)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT=1522))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PHYSICAL.localdomain)(INSTANCE_NAME=sorcl)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./sqlplus / as sysdba
./lsnrctl status
startup open pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
./sqlplus system/welcome1@PHYSICAL
rman target /

測試遠端連線主庫
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./sqlplus / as sysdba
./lsnrctl status
startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
./sqlplus system/oracle@PRIMARY

2.5:建立並啟用配置檔案
dgmgrl sys/oracle@PRIMARY 
create configuration dgc as primary database is PRIMARY connect identifier is PRIMARY;
add database PHYSICAL as connect identifier is PHYSICAL maintained as physical;
add database 'standby',這兒的standby是指database的db_unique_name,而AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS 'standby' 這裡的standby是指
tnsname.ora 連線到standby database的net service name。
還可以這樣
 alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ocrls ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ocrls' scope=spfile;
=》alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PHYSICAL LGWR ASYNC NOAFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PHYSICAL' scope=spfile;
   service=physical, LGWR ASYNC NOAFFIRM delay=0 optional compression=disable max_failure=0 max_connections=1 reopen=300db_unique_name=physical net_timeout=30, valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role)

   --alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PHYSICAL lgwr async noaffirm delay=0 optional compression=disable max_failure=0  max_connections=1 reopen=300 net_timeout=30, VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PHYSICAL'
 enable configuration
show configuration [verbose];

alter system set fal_client=
主庫該引數
alter system set fal_client='PRIMARY';
ALTER system set fal_server='PHYSICAL';
備庫該引數
alter system set fal_client='PHYSICAL';
alter system set fal_server='PRIMARY';
這次遇到的問題是在安裝了oracle軟體後，再建立資料庫時，特別最後執行catproc.sql時怎麼都執行不完，還老報錯
關閉資料庫重啟open後，還說要按upgrade方式開啟資料庫，顯然catproc.sql未完全執行完，最後發現原因實際是資料庫記憶體不足
在執行指令碼時，速度很慢，而且free -mh檢視記憶體只有幾十M可用，於是，關閉佔用記憶體的應用，重新執行指令碼很快就執行好了，而且
可以順利啟動到open狀態
http://blog.51cto.com/ylw6006/686900

SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(PORT = 1521))' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(PORT = 1522))' scope=spfile;

在備庫上克隆主庫

https://www.cnblogs.com/vijayfly/archive/2015/12/16/5051614.html oracle11G使用DGbroker建立dg

standby上SRL完全等同與primary上的ORL，在primary發生日誌切換時，Remote File System（RFS）程式把primary上的ORL寫到standby的SRL，同時standby歸檔上一個SRL

log_archive_dest_20

解決問題
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
這個錯誤最大的問題是 一個節點上安了兩個oracle軟體，在啟動第二個oracle軟體時，環境變數ORACLE_HOME還是第一個oracle軟體的
，所以啟動資料庫時，是在環境變數1的基礎上啟動的資料庫，造成啟動時資料庫會用到錯誤的環境變數ORACLE_HOME，最終啟動雖然
正常，但遠端連線時就報上面的錯誤。sqlplus system/oracle@PHYSICAL
另外出現 shared memory realm does not exist的原因還有可能是虛擬機器實體記憶體不足造成

重啟時的日誌報錯
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Mon Jan 29 08:19:50 2018
Starting background process CJQ0
Mon Jan 29 08:19:50 2018
CJQ0 started with pid=30, OS id=10515
Mon Jan 29 08:20:00 2018
ORA-1652: unable to extend temp segment by 128 in tablespace                 TEMPTS1
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_j003_10529.trc:
ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job "SYS"."BSLN_MAINTAIN_STATS_JOB"
ORA-01652: unable to extend temp segment by 128 in tablespace TEMPTS1
ORA-06512: at "DBSNMP.BSLN_INTERNAL", line 2073

log_archive_dest_1             /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog
db_recovery_file_dest              /u02/oracle/fast_recovery_area

FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET
standy_archive_dest   ?/dbs_arch 能說明有dataguard麼

主庫總是停機
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 02:52:18 2018
Suspending MMON action 'Process staged incidents' for 82800 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:00:25 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_pmon_27930.trc:
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:01:37 2018
Restarting dead background process SMCO
Tue Feb 13 03:05:34 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_qmnc_28070.trc  (incident=34271):
ORA-00445: background process "q003" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:14:56 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_pmon_27930.trc  (incident=34280):
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:28:02 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_pmon_27930.trc:
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:30:21 2018
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Tue Feb 13 03:30:57 2018
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details.
這實際是資料庫主機的記憶體不夠導致相應程式在規定時間起不來，造成資料庫停機。每次都要startup

ORA-01665: control file is not a standby control file
select controlfile_type from v$database;

問題2 跳歸檔解決GAP問題 重點看
日誌無法應用
在搭建了dataguard以後，我們需要判斷備庫是否能正常接收主庫的日誌，以及是否能正常應用傳送來的日誌。並且在日常維護中也需要經常監控
主備是否一致。這次對某套dataguard環境巡檢的時候，發現了主備庫不一致，存在間隙的情況。

在主庫和備庫分別使用如下查詢檢視應用日誌的具體時間和日誌號
SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
FROM   V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
發現主庫和備庫顯示出的日誌數量不一致

檢視備庫是否有GAP
SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

   THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
         1            24             30

從上面結果發現，備庫從24號到30號日誌都缺失。
  
備庫檢視RFS接收日誌和MRP應用日誌同步主庫情況
select process, sequence#, status, delay_mins from v$managed_standby;
MRP0                                24 WAIT_FOR_GAP

說明這裡 MRP0只應用日誌到24，正好說明備庫和主庫是有gap的。而且備庫有gap時，gap後面的日誌只能接收，但不能應用
備庫執行，於是檢視備庫是否應用接收的日誌
SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG
ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
從結果（條件限時未對結果截圖）看目前這個備庫是從31號日誌接收日誌的。且無法應用
要想讓主庫和備庫歸檔一致，應用的日誌也一致，可以把缺少的日誌從主庫拷貝到從庫，具體方法看
http://blog.itpub.net/29500582/viewspace-1308247/
但發現主庫沒有了GAP的日誌，所以只能用基於SCN不完全恢復的方法

參考檢視歸檔程式狀態 http://blog.csdn.net/wll_1017/article/details/9699631《dg 備庫歸檔位置不一致》

跳歸檔具體方法
1主備庫都執行
SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;
備庫SCN 1112907 主庫SCN 1817052
注意 select scn_to_timestamp(1112907) scn from dual; 可以用如上方法檢視SCN對應的時間
2主庫上
rman target /
BACKUP INCREMENTAL FROM SCN 1112907 DATABASE FORMAT '/home/oracle/backup_stage/increment_backup_%U_%T' tag 'FORSTANDBY';
就是備份從備庫沒追平的時間到現在的增量備份
3在備庫恢復
rman target /
catalog start with '/home/oracle/backup_stage/increment_backup'; 登記所有increment_backup開頭的備份到備份目錄

recover database; 恢復增量備份的資料 可以用 noredo 加速恢復

recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 最後再備庫開啟應用恢復的程式，讓備庫和主庫完全一致
參考 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134300.htm

檢視dataguard狀態
select MESSAGE,TIMESTAMP from v$dataguard_status
order by TIMESTAMP;

另外還可以查詢備庫，檢視從主庫接收的日誌
SQL> SELECT THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, FIRST_CHANGE#,  NEXT_CHANGE# FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

檢視備庫上的 standby log
SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;

gap都解決了還總是停機
ARC1: Archive log rejected (thread 1 sequence 75) at host 'PHYSICAL'
FAL[server, ARC1]: FAL archive failed, see trace file.
ARCH: FAL archive failed. Archiver continuing
ORACLE Instance orcl11g - Archival Error. Archiver continuing.
Fri Feb 23 15:30:08 2018
看歸檔日誌  找到出錯時間時對應的arc的trace
ll -tr /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/
vi /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_arc3_5025.trc
Detailed OCI error val is 1017 and errmsg is 'ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denie

SQL> select process, sequence#, status, delay_mins from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS                      SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------
DELAY_MINS
----------
ARCH                                56 CLOSING
         0

ARCH                                 0 CONNECTED
         0

ARCH                                 0 CONNECTED
         0

PROCESS                      SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------
DELAY_MINS
----------
ARCH                                55 CLOSING
         0

RFS                                  0 IDLE
         0

RFS                                  0 IDLE
         0

PROCESS                      SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------
DELAY_MINS
----------
RFS                                  0 IDLE
         0

RFS                                 60 IDLE
         0

MRP0                                24 WAIT_FOR_GAP
         0

Log_ArchiveMinSucceedDest
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Sat Feb 24 14:37:09 2018
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details.

show database verbose physical;

in physical
edit database physical set property ArchiveLagTarget='0';
edit database physical set property LogArchiveMaxProcesses='4';
edit database physical set property LogArchiveMinSucceedDest='1';

edit database primary set property ArchiveLagTarget='0';
edit database primary set property LogArchiveMaxProcesses='4';
edit database primary set property LogArchiveMinSucceedDest='1';

in primary
edit database primary set property DbFileNameConvert='/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/,/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/';
edit database primary set property LogFileNameConvert='/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/,/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/';

alter system set DG_BROKER_START=false scope=both
alter system set DG_BROKER_START=true scope=both

alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/,/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/' scope=both;

show database verbose physical;

select database_role from v$database;

問題3 重點看 
啟動過程中報錯Fatal NI connect error 12514, connecting to:
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT=1522)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=physical_DGB.localdomain)(CID=(PROGRAM=oracle)(HOST=iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(USER=oracle))))

  VERSION INFORMATION:
        TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
        TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
  Time: 06-MAR-2018 08:35:17
  Tracing not turned on.
  Tns error struct:
    ns main err code: 12564
   
TNS-12564: TNS:connection refused
    ns secondary err code: 0
    nt main err code: 0
    nt secondary err code: 0
    nt OS err code: 0
最終發現是備庫上的監聽埠不是1521 而是1522 所以怎麼也連不上遠端的備庫 
edit database physical set property StaticConnectIdentifier = '(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(PORT=1522))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PHYSICAL_DGMGRL.localdomain)(INSTANCE_NAME=sorcl11g)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))'

我重新複製的主庫的密碼檔案到備庫，現在主庫啟動不會報之前連線不上的問題了，在備庫查詢日誌發現所有日誌也能應用成功，
但只要用dgbroker顯示資料庫資訊時，資料庫就會很慢，卡在Apply Lag那裡很長很長時間，最後才會出現SUCCESS的結果。
但遠端連線上去的操作都很慢，日誌看了，不是很懂，還請大俠幫助 上面問題應該就是埠號該對了（1522）以後，系統記憶體不夠導致
[oracle@iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz ~]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle
DGMGRL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

Copyright (c) 2000, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected.
DGMGRL> show database physical;

Database - physical

  Role:            PHYSICAL STANDBY
  Intended State:  APPLY-ON
  Transport Lag:   5 minutes 9 seconds (computed 24 seconds ago)
  Apply Lag:       5 minutes 9 seconds (computed 53 seconds ago)
  Apply Rate:      (unknown)
  Real Time Query: OFF
  Instance(s):
    sorcl11g

Database Status:
SUCCESS

資料庫啟動主庫後報的alert日誌錯誤
啟動以後的日誌
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Data Guard Broker initializing...
Data Guard Broker initialization complete
Data Guard: verifying database primary role...
Starting Data Guard Broker (DMON)
Wed Mar 14 14:31:59 2018
INSV started with pid=21, OS id=11910
Wed Mar 14 14:32:02 2018
NSV1 started with pid=22, OS id=11918
Wed Mar 14 14:32:10 2018
RSM0 started with pid=23, OS id=11926
Wed Mar 14 14:32:10 2018
Data Guard: version check completed
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
Started redo scan
Completed redo scan
 read 230 KB redo, 84 data blocks need recovery
Started redo application at
 Thread 1: logseq 140, block 596
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 140 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log
Completed redo application of 0.15MB
Completed crash recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 140, block 1057, scn 3787549
 84 data blocks read, 84 data blocks written, 230 redo k-bytes read
Wed Mar 14 14:32:11 2018
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Wed Mar 14 14:32:11 2018
ARC0 started with pid=24, OS id=11928
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Wed Mar 14 14:32:12 2018
ARC1 started with pid=25, OS id=11930
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 141 (thread open)
Wed Mar 14 14:32:12 2018
ARC2 started with pid=26, OS id=11932
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 141
  Current log# 3 seq# 141 mem# 0: /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Wed Mar 14 14:32:12 2018
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Wed Mar 14 14:32:12 2018
ARC3 started with pid=27, OS id=11934
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC0: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Wed Mar 14 14:32:12 2018
NSA2 started with pid=28, OS id=11936
Archived Log entry 245 added for thread 1 sequence 140 ID 0x3fc66f1b dest 1:
ARC2: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 140 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_trace=0 SCOPE=BOTH SID='orcl11g';
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' SCOPE=SPFILE SID='orcl11g';
[11908] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:614426438 end:614428038 diff:1600 (16 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
ARC1: Archive log rejected (thread 1 sequence 140) at host 'physical'
FAL[server, ARC1]: FAL archive failed, see trace file.
ARCH: FAL archive failed. Archiver continuing
ORACLE Instance orcl11g - Archival Error. Archiver continuing.
No Resource Manager plan active
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 142 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 1 seq# 142 mem# 0: /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log
******************************************************************
LGWR: Setting 'active' archival for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
******************************************************************
Archived Log entry 247 added for thread 1 sequence 141 ID 0x3fc66f1b dest 1:
Starting background process QMNC
Wed Mar 14 14:32:19 2018
QMNC started with pid=29, OS id=11947
ARC3: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 141 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
Wed Mar 14 14:32:22 2018
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Wed Mar 14 14:32:23 2018
Warning: Automated System Maintenance Tasks disabled.
Wed Mar 14 14:32:24 2018
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Wed Mar 14 14:37:21 2018
Starting background process SMCO
Wed Mar 14 14:37:22 2018
SMCO started with pid=33, OS id=12005
Wed Mar 14 14:41:23 2018
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 143 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 2 seq# 143 mem# 0: /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log
Wed Mar 14 14:41:25 2018
Archived Log entry 249 added for thread 1 sequence 142 ID 0x3fc66f1b dest 1:
Wed Mar 14 14:50:10 2018
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Wed Mar 14 14:50:24 2018
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details.
Wed Mar 14 14:54:53 2018
WARN: ARC0: Terminating pid 11930 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 14:58:32 2018
WARN: ARC3: Terminating pid 11930 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 15:02:28 2018
WARN: ARC2: Terminating pid 11930 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 15:02:28 2018
Killing 1 processes with pids 11930 (Process by index) in order to remove hung processes. Requested by OS process 11934
Wed Mar 14 15:05:59 2018
ARC3: Error 16198 due to hung I/O operation to LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
Wed Mar 14 15:05:59 2018
ARC2: Error 16198 due to hung I/O operation to LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
Wed Mar 14 15:05:56 2018
Killing 1 processes with pids 11930 (Process by index) in order to remove hung processes. Requested by OS process 11928
Wed Mar 14 15:06:25 2018
Process 0x0x7f4c6eb0 appears to be hung while dumping
Wed Mar 14 15:06:55 2018
Current time = 920632941, process death time = 920564582 interval = 60000
Wed Mar 14 15:07:39 2018
Attempting to kill process 0x0x7f4c6eb0 with OS pid = 12005
Wed Mar 14 15:08:17 2018
OSD kill succeeded for process 0x7f4c6eb0
Wed Mar 14 15:11:34 2018
ARC2: Detected ARCH process failure
Wed Mar 14 15:11:36 2018
Restarting dead background process SMCO
ARC2: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Wed Mar 14 15:12:12 2018
ARC3: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Wed Mar 14 15:12:35 2018
ARC1 started with pid=30, OS id=12166
Wed Mar 14 15:12:37 2018
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Wed Mar 14 15:12:50 2018
Starting background process SMCO
Wed Mar 14 15:13:30 2018
SMCO started with pid=34, OS id=12182
Wed Mar 14 15:16:44 2018
Process RSM0, PID = 11926, will be killed
Wed Mar 14 15:18:33 2018
WARN: ARC0: Terminating pid 11934 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 15:19:30 2018
Killing 1 processes with pids 11934 (Process by index) in order to remove hung processes. Requested by OS process 11928
Wed Mar 14 15:19:55 2018
ARC0: Detected ARCH process failure
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Wed Mar 14 15:19:59 2018
RSM0 started with pid=23, OS id=12224
Wed Mar 14 15:20:15 2018
ARC3 started with pid=25, OS id=12238
Wed Mar 14 15:20:16 2018
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC3: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Wed Mar 14 15:21:42 2018
Process RSM0, PID = 12224, will be killed
Wed Mar 14 15:22:53 2018
RSM0 started with pid=23, OS id=12260
Wed Mar 14 15:25:54 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_mmon_11894.trc  (incident=64454):
ORA-00445: background process "m001" did not start after 120 seconds
Incident details in: /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/incident/incdir_64454/orcl11g_mmon_11894_i64454.trc
Wed Mar 14 15:26:33 2018
WARN: ARC0: Terminating pid 12238 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 15:27:16 2018
Killing 1 processes with pids 12238 (Process by index) in order to remove hung processes. Requested by OS process 11928
Wed Mar 14 15:27:46 2018
WARN: ARC2: Terminating pid 12238 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 15:28:38 2018
WARN: ARC1: Terminating pid 12238 hung on an I/O operation
Wed Mar 14 15:28:38 2018
Killing 1 processes with pids 12238 (Process by index) in order to remove hung processes. Requested by OS process 11932
Wed Mar 14 15:29:13 2018
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20180314152912], requested by (instance=1, osid=11894 (MMON)), summary=[incident=64454].
Wed Mar 14 15:29:34 2018
ARC1: Detected ARCH process failure
ARC1: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Wed Mar 14 15:30:38 2018
ARC3 started with pid=20, OS id=12328
Wed Mar 14 15:30:40 2018
ARC3: Archival started
ARC1: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Wed Mar 14 15:30:41 2018
ARC2: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Wed Mar 14 15:31:02 2018
Sweep [inc][64454]: completed
Sweep [inc2][64454]: completed
Wed Mar 14 15:32:37 2018
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 144 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 3 seq# 144 mem# 0: /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log
Wed Mar 14 15:32:58 2018
Archived Log entry 251 added for thread 1 sequence 143 ID 0x3fc66f1b dest 1:
Wed Mar 14 15:33:29 2018
******************************************************************
LGWR: Setting 'active' archival for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
******************************************************************
Wed Mar 14 16:01:57 2018
Process RSM0, PID = 12260, will be killed
Wed Mar 14 16:13:55 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_mmon_11894.trc  (incident=64455):
ORA-00445: background process "m001" did not start after 120 seconds
Wed Mar 14 16:16:44 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_dmon_11902.trc  (incident=64486):
ORA-00445: background process "RSM0" did not start after 120 seconds
Wed Mar 14 16:17:09 2018
Incident details in: /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/incident/incdir_64455/orcl11g_mmon_11894_i64455.trc
Wed Mar 14 16:17:58 2018
Incident details in: /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/incident/incdir_64486/orcl11g_dmon_11902_i64486.trc
Wed Mar 14 16:26:36 2018
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20180314162635], requested by (instance=1, osid=11902 (DMON)), summary=[incident=64486].
Wed Mar 14 16:27:52 2018
Sweep [inc][64486]: completed
Sweep [inc][64455]: completed
Sweep [inc2][64486]: completed
Sweep [inc2][64455]: completed

備庫上的日誌alert.log
RFS[8]: Assigned to RFS process 11974
Wed Mar 14 15:05:40 2018
RFS[8]: Possible network disconnect with primary database
Wed Mar 14 15:09:51 2018
Process 0x0x7f4bd838 appears to be hung while dumping
Wed Mar 14 15:10:05 2018
Current time = 920661152, process death time = 920599871 interval = 60000
Wed Mar 14 15:10:23 2018
Attempting to kill process 0x0x7f4bd838 with OS pid = 11478
Wed Mar 14 15:10:48 2018
OSD kill succeeded for process 0x7f4bd838
Wed Mar 14 15:12:43 2018
Completed: Data Guard Broker cleanup
Restarting Data Guard Broker (DMON)
Wed Mar 14 15:13:43 2018
DMON started with pid=15, OS id=12175
Wed Mar 14 15:14:31 2018
Starting Data Guard Broker (DMON)
Wed Mar 14 15:16:17 2018
INSV started with pid=24, OS id=12189
Wed Mar 14 15:17:07 2018

***********************************************************************

Fatal NI connect error 12170.

  VERSION INFORMATION:
        TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
        Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
        TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
  Time: 14-MAR-2018 15:17:21
  Tracing not turned on.
  Tns error struct:
    ns main err code: 12535
   
TNS-12535: TNS:operation timed out
    ns secondary err code: 12606
    nt main err code: 0
    nt secondary err code: 0
    nt OS err code: 0
  Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.17.225.197)(PORT=34787))
Wed Mar 14 15:17:23 2018
WARNING: inbound connection timed out (ORA-3136)
Wed Mar 14 15:19:41 2018
NSV0 started with pid=19, OS id=12209
Wed Mar 14 15:20:44 2018

***********************************************************************

Fatal NI connect error 12537, connecting to:
 (LOCAL=NO)

  VERSION INFORMATION:
        TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
        Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
        TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
  Time: 14-MAR-2018 15:20:44
  Tracing not turned on.
  Tns error struct:
    ns main err code: 12537
   
TNS-12537: TNS:connection closed
    ns secondary err code: 12560
    nt main err code: 0
    nt secondary err code: 0
    nt OS err code: 0
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (12240) as a result of ORA-609

主庫上監聽狀態
Services Summary...
Service "PRIMARY.localdomain" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PRIMARY_DGB.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PRIMARY_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11gXDB.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
備庫上監聽狀態
Services Summary...
Service "PHYSICAL.localdomain" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "sorcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PHYSICAL_DGB.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PHYSICAL_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

主庫上的dgbroker的日誌 dgorcl.log
>> Starting Data Guard Broker bootstrap <<
Broker Configuration File Locations:
      dg_broker_config_file1 = "/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/dr1PRIMARY.dat"
      dg_broker_config_file2 = "/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/dr2PRIMARY.dat"
03/14/2018 14:32:02
DMON Registering service PRIMARY_DGB with listener(s)
Broker Configuration:       "dgc"
      Protection Mode:            Maximum Performance
      Fast-Start Failover (FSFO): Disabled, flags=0x0, version=0
      Primary Database:           primary (0x01010000)
      Standby Database:           physical, Enabled Physical Standby (0x02010000)
03/14/2018 14:32:09
Version Check Results:
      Database physical returned ORA-00000
Creating process RSM0
03/14/2018 14:33:51
Site physical returned ORA-16665.
......
Site physical returned ORA-16665.
03/14/2018 15:14:31
Site physical returned ORA-16665.
Site physical returned ORA-16665.
03/14/2018 15:14:43
Data Guard Broker Status Summary:
  Type                        Name                             Severity  Status
03/14/2018 15:14:44
  Configuration               dgc                               Warning  ORA-16607
  Primary Database            primary                           Success  ORA-00000
  Physical Standby Database   physical                            Error  ORA-16665
03/14/2018 15:14:49
Site physical returned ORA-16665.
03/14/2018 15:15:57
Site physical returned ORA-16613.
03/14/2018 15:16:09
Redo transport problem detected: redo transport for database physical has the following error:
03/14/2018 15:16:36
Process RSM0, PID = 11926, will be killed
03/14/2018 15:17:49
Creating process RSM0
03/14/2018 15:20:07
Process RSM0 re-created with PID = 12224
03/14/2018 15:20:09
Error detected: one or more instances do not have log transport turned on.

當前系統配置
[oracle@iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz u02]$ top -c
top - 16:33:43 up 56 days, 21:49,  6 users,  load average: 7.00, 11.11, 16.62
Tasks: 285 total,   1 running, 273 sleeping,   0 stopped,  11 zombie
%Cpu(s): 99.3 us,  0.7 sy,  0.0 ni,  0.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  1016168 total,    61372 free,   460000 used,   494796 buff/cache
KiB Swap:   204796 total,   170324 free,    34472 used.    65104 avail Mem

總是出現這個 應該看當時的VTTM日誌
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Tue Mar 20 16:34:44 2018
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details

問題4
DGMGRL> show configuration verbose;

Configuration - dgc

  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Databases:
    primary  - Primary database
      Error: ORA-16797: database is not using a server parameter file

    physical - Physical standby database
      Error: ORA-16525: the Data Guard broker is not yet available

在主庫驗證spfile是否使用，沒有使用去啟動，並重啟資料庫例項
SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE
------------------------------------ ---------------------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile                               string

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
  
參考
http://blog.itpub.net/23718752/viewspace-1735714/
 
Tue Mar 06 11:16:10 2018
ARC2: Archive log rejected (thread 1 sequence 101) at host 'physical'
FAL[server, ARC2]: FAL archive failed, see trace file.
ARCH: FAL archive failed. Archiver continuing
ORACLE Instance orcl11g - Archival Error. Archiver continuing.
 
 
Service "PHYSICAL.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PRIMARY" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PRIMARY_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11g.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11gXDB.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PHYSICAL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PHYSICAL_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11g.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 
 
60.100.87.121    8801/18801/28801
109.101.108.30   8801/18801/28801
10.40.70.194     3002/3003
166.79.59.42     1528
60.100.87.120    1521
203.244.224.85   1524/12521/13521
109.101.108.30   1521
71.52.3.51         1521
90.3.5.11          1521
90.3.5.11          1522

  PI 的 潘代理

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/750077/viewspace-2147569/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。