針對系統和資料庫壓測是專案上線前必做的一項，這裡使用的是最新版本的sysbench做的壓測使用詳解。sysbench可以做系統層面的壓力測試（CPU、記憶體、硬碟IO、互斥鎖、Thead），也可以做資料庫（MySQL/Oracle/PG）層面的壓力測試。安裝容易，操作便捷，是壓測使用的重要工具之一。
一、sysbench下載
專案地址： 二、sysbench安裝
[root@DB_TEST tools]# tar -xzvf sysbench-1.0.3.tar.gz
[root@DB_TEST tools]# cd sysbench-1.0.3
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# ./autogen.sh
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sysbench --with-mysql
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# make
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# make install
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# cp -rp /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench /usr/bin/
[root@DB_TEST sysbench-1.0.3]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --help
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[root@BJ-133-22 sysbench-1.0.3]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --help
Usage:
sysbench [options]... [testname] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help
General options:
--threads=N number of threads to use [1]
--events=N limit for total number of events [0]
--time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [10]
--forced-shutdown=STRING number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or 'off' to disable [off]
--thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [64K]
--rate=N average transactions rate. 0 for unlimited rate [0]
--report-interval=N periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]
--report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
--debug[=on|off] print more debugging info [off]
--validate[=on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off]
--help[=on|off] print help and exit [off]
--version[=on|off] print version and exit [off]
--config-file=FILENAME File containing command line options
--tx-rate=N deprecated alias for --rate [0]
--max-requests=N deprecated alias for --events [0]
--max-time=N deprecated alias for --time [0]
--num-threads=N deprecated alias for --threads [1]
Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options:
--rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
--rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
--rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]
--rand-spec-res=N percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]
--rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
--rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distibution [0.2]
Log options:
--verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
--percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
--histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
General database options:
--db-driver=STRING specifies database driver to use ('help' to get list of available drivers)
--db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
--db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
Compiled-in database drivers:
mysql - MySQL driver
mysql options:
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
--mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306]
--mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
--mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
--mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
--mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
--mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205]
--mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
See 'sysbench help' for a list of options for each test.

三、sysbench使用
1、CPU效能測試

cpu 效能測試：找範圍內最大素數 { 時間越短越好 }

cpu 效能測試主要是根據素數的加法運算，這裡指定最大素數 ( 質數 ) 為 80000，--num-threads=`grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`指定執行緒數，預設是1

/usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=80000 run

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[root@db_test ~]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=80000 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 80000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
General statistics:
total time: 10.0057s
total number of events: 520
Latency (ms):
min: 18.74
avg: 19.24
max: 19.39
95th percentile: 19.29
sum: 10005.32
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 520.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 10.0053/0.00

實際環境 CPU 拷機壓測指令碼如下：

echo -e " 進行 CPU 壓力測試 : 尋找小於 1 千萬的最大質數 , 併發執行緒數 10, 最大請求數 100 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --num-threads=10 --max-requests=100 --test=cpu --debug --cpu-max-prime=10000000 run

2、記憶體效能測試

sysbench 測試 memory 的時候是順序讀或寫記憶體的。根據選項的不同，每次操作過程中，每個執行緒可以獲取 global 或本地的資料塊

記憶體：以不同塊大小傳輸一定數量的資料吞吐量大小 { 越大越好 }

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[ root@db_test fileio ] # /usr/ local / sysbench/bin/sysbench - - test = memory help
WARNING : the - - test option is deprecated . You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options .
sysbench 1 . . 3 ( using bundled LuaJIT 2 . 1 . - beta2 )
memory options :
- - memory - block - size = SIZE size of memory block for test [ 1K ] 測試時記憶體塊大小
- - memory - total - size = SIZE total size of data to transfer [ 100G ] 傳輸資料總大小
- - memory - scope = STRING memory access scope {global , local } [ global ] 記憶體訪問範圍
- - memory - hugetlb [ = on | off ] allocate memory from HugeTLB pool [ off ] 從 <span "="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10.5pt;"> HugeTLB pool 記憶體分配
- - memory - oper = STRING type of memory operations {read , write , none} [ write ] 記憶體操作型別
- - memory - access - mode = STRING memory access mode {seq , rnd} [ seq ] 儲存器存取方式

示例：測試傳輸資料總量為5G，每個塊大小是1K（一般設定是8K），連續讀寫的情況下，吞吐量 3435.87 MiB/sec
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=1K --memory-total-size=5G run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

Operations performed: 5242880 (3518332.06 ops/sec)

5120.00 MiB transferred ( 3435.87 MiB/sec )

General statistics:
    total time:                          1.4883s
    total number of events:              5242880

Latency (ms):
         min:                                  0.00
         avg:                                  0.00
         max:                                  0.03
         95th percentile:                      0.00
         sum:                                631.01

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           5242880.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   0.6310/0.00

實際記憶體壓力測試指令碼：

echo -e " 進行記憶體壓力測試 : 測試範圍 32G, 併發執行緒數 10, 最大請求數 100, 讀 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --num-threads=10 --max-requests=100 --test=memory --memory-block-size=8K --memory-total-size=${MEM}G --memory-oper=read run

echo -e " 進行記憶體壓力測試 : 測試範圍 32G, 併發執行緒數 10, 最大請求數 100, 寫 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --num-threads=10 --max-requests=100 --test=memory --memory-block-size=8K --memory-total-size=${MEM}G --memory-oper=write run

3、磁碟IO效能測試

IO 效能測試：不同場景下 IOPS{ 越大越好 }

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[root@db_test sysbench-1.0.3]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=fileio help
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
fileio options:
--file-num=N number of files to create [128]
--file-block-size=N block size to use in all IO operations [16384]
--file-total-size=SIZE total size of files to create [2G]
--file-test-mode=STRING test mode {seqwr, seqrewr, seqrd, rndrd, rndwr, rndrw}
--file-io-mode=STRING file operations mode {sync,async,mmap} [sync]
--file-async-backlog=N number of asynchronous operatons to queue per thread [128]
--file-extra-flags=STRING additional flags to use on opening files {sync,dsync,direct} []
--file-fsync-freq=N do fsync() after this number of requests (0 - don't use fsync()) [100]
--file-fsync-all[=on|off] do fsync() after each write operation [off]
--file-fsync-end[=on|off] do fsync() at the end of test [on]
--file-fsync-mode=STRING which method to use for synchronization {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
--file-merged-requests=N merge at most this number of IO requests if possible (0 - don't merge) [0]
--file-rw-ratio=N reads/writes ratio for combined test [1.5]

--file-num=N                       建立測試檔案數量，預設是 [128]
--file-block-size=N                測試時檔案塊大小，預設是[16384]，即16K
--file-total-size=SIZE           測試檔案的總大小，預設是 [2G]
--file-test-mode=STRING            測試模式 {seqwr（順序寫）, seqrewr（順序讀寫）, seqrd（順序讀）, rndrd（隨機讀）, rndwr（隨機寫）, rndrw（隨機讀寫）}
--file-io-mode=STRING              檔案操作模式{sync,async,mmap} [sync]
--file-extra-flags=STRING        使用額外的標誌開啟檔案 {sync,dsync,direct} []
--file-fsync-freq=N                執行fsync()頻率，0表示不使用，預設100
--file-fsync-all=[on|off]         每執行一次寫操作執行一次fsync(),預設 [off]
--file-fsync-end=[on|off]        測試結束執行fsync(),預設 [on]
--file-fsync-mode=STRING           同步方法 {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
--file-merged-requests=N           如果可以，則合併IO請求數，預設0表示不合並
--file-rw-ratio=N                  測試讀寫比例，預設[1.5]

seqwr 順序寫入
seqrewr 順序重寫
seqrd 順序讀取
rndrd 隨機讀取
rndwr 隨機寫入
rndrw 混合隨機讀/寫

FileIO示例01： prepare 命令建立了 128 個檔案總共大小為 10G ，檔案讀寫模式為隨機讀寫混合方式。 run 命令則進行測試，並返回結果， cleanup 刪除測試產生的檔案！
##Fileio準備工作，生成測試資料（最好比記憶體的2倍大）
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

128 files, 81920Kb each, 10240Mb total
Creating files for the test...
Extra file open flags: 0
Creating file test_file.0
...
Creating file test_file.127
10737418240 bytes written in 9.96 seconds (1027.97 MiB/sec).
##正式執行FileIO測試
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 16
Initializing random number generator from current time

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 80MiB each
10GiB total file size
Block size 16KiB
Number of IO requests: 0
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

File operations:
    reads/s:                      1449.16
    writes/s:                     965.91
    fsyncs/s:                     3083.55

Throughput:
    read, MiB/s:                   22.64
    written, MiB/s:                15.09

General statistics:
    total time:                          10.4176s
    total number of events:              57291

Latency (ms):
         min:                                  0.00
         avg:                                  2.87
         max:                                825.08
         95th percentile:                      0.17
         sum:                             164312.66

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           3580.6875/469.53
    execution time (avg/stddev):   10.2695/0.08

IO密切相關的包括每秒請求數和總吞吐量， 其 中請求數是 ( 1449.16+965.91+ 3083.55) /s，吞吐量是（ 22.64 + 15.09 ）MB/s

##清理建立的檔案
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=fileio --file-total-size=10G --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Removing test files...

實際環境 FILEIO 壓力測試指令碼：

echo -e " 進行 IO 壓力測試 : 20 個檔案 , 每個 10GB, 隨機讀寫 "

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --file-num=20 --num-threads=20 --test=fileio --file-total-size=${HDD}G --max-requests=1000000 --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --file-num=20 --num-threads=20 --test=fileio --file-total-size=${HDD}G --max-requests=1000000 --file-test-mode=rndrw run

/usr/local/bin/sysbench --file-num=20 --num-threads=20 --test=fileio --file-total-size=${HDD}G --max-requests=1000000 --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup

4、thread測試

執行緒排程：執行緒併發執行，迴圈響應訊號量花費的時間 { 越少越好 }
測試執行緒排程器的效能。對於高負載情況下測試執行緒排程器的行為非常有用

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[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=threads help
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
threads options:
--thread-yields=N number of yields to do per request [1000] 每個請求產生多少個執行緒，預設 [4096]
- - mutex - locks = N number of mutex locks to do per thread [ 50000 ] 每個執行緒互斥鎖的數量，預設 [50000]
- - mutex - loops = N number of empty loops to do inside mutex lock [ 10000 ] 內部互斥鎖的空迴圈數量，預設 [10000]

所有執行緒同時執行，獲取短時間的 mutex lock ，以便測試 mutex 的實現！

示例：
[root@db_test fileio]# /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbench --test=mutex --mutex-num=4096 --mutex-locks=50000 --mutex-loops=20000 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.3 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time

Initializing worker threads...

Threads started!

General statistics:
    total time:                          0.0021s
    total number of events:              1

Latency (ms):
         min:                                  2.05
         avg:                                  2.05
         max:                                  2.05
         95th percentile:                      2.03
         sum:                                  2.05

Threads fairness:
    events (avg/stddev):           1.0000/0.00
    execution time (avg/stddev):   0.0020/0.00

mysql之 sysbench1.0.3 安裝與系統壓力測試

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