之前山寨了一個新浪微博（iOS開發之山寨版新浪微博小結），這幾天就山寨個微信吧。之前已經把微信的檢視結構簡單的拖了一下（IOS開發之微信山寨版），今天就開始給微信加上具體的實現功能，那麼就先從微信的聊天介面開始吧。提到封裝是少不了寫程式碼的，在封裝元件的時候，為了元件的可移植性，我們就不能用storyboard來拖拽了。為了螢幕的適配，適應不同螢幕的手機，所以在封裝元件的時候是少不了為我們的元件來新增約束。今天部落格中的所有程式碼都是脫離storyboard的，這些程式碼在別的工程中也是可以使用的。好，廢話少說，切入今天的正題。
微信大家基本上都用過，今天要做的就是微信的聊天工具條。聊天工具條還是比較複雜的，其中包括髮送表情，傳送文字，傳送圖片，傳送聲音，拍照等等功能，下面給出傳送錄音，文字，表情的程式碼，其他的和這幾樣類似。還是那句話百字不如一圖，先來幾張效果圖吧。
在封裝聊天工具條的的時候表情鍵盤是之前封裝好的（請參考：“iOS開發之自定義表情鍵盤(元件封裝與自動佈局)”），所以拿過來就可以用的啦。因為不管是工具條還是表情鍵盤都是用約束來控制元件大小的，所以橫屏也是沒問題的，在大屏手機上也是沒問題的。下面將會一步步講解如何封裝下面的聊天工具條。主要是對工具條的封裝，表情鍵盤在這就不做講解了。
一：ToolView預留的介面
在封裝ToolView中主要用到Block回撥，讀者可以根據自己的個人習慣來選擇是Block回撥，還是委託回撥或者是目標動作回撥（筆者更喜歡Block回撥）,下面的程式碼是ToolView給呼叫者提供的介面
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// // ToolView.h // MecroMessage // // Created by （青玉伏案：部落格地址（http://www.cnblogs.com/ludashi/）） on 14-9-22. // Copyright (c) 2014年 Mrli. All rights reserved. // #import 10 //定義block型別把ToolView中TextView中的文字傳入到Controller中 typedef void (^MyTextBlock) (NSString *myText); //錄音時的音量 typedef void (^AudioVolumeBlock) (CGFloat volume); //錄音儲存地址 typedef void (^AudioURLBlock) (NSURL *audioURL); //改變根據文字改變TextView的高度 typedef void (^ContentSizeBlock)(CGSize contentSize); //錄音取消的回撥 typedef void (^CancelRecordBlock)(int flag); @interface ToolView : UIView29 //設定MyTextBlock -(void) setMyTextBlock:(MyTextBlock)block; //設定聲音回撥 -(void) setAudioVolumeBlock:(AudioVolumeBlock) block; //設定錄音地址回撥 -(void) setAudioURLBlock:(AudioURLBlock) block; -(void)setContentSizeBlock:(ContentSizeBlock) block; -(void)setCancelRecordBlock:(CancelRecordBlock)block; -(void) changeFunctionHeight: (float) height; @end<br> |
二：初始化ToolView中所需的控制元件
1.為了更好的封裝我們的元件，在.h中預留介面，在ToolView.m的延展中新增我們要使用的元件（私有屬性），延展程式碼如下：
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@interface ToolView() //最左邊傳送語音的按鈕 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *voiceChangeButton; //傳送語音的按鈕 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *sendVoiceButton; //文字檢視 @property (nonatomic, strong) UITextView *sendTextView; //切換鍵盤 @property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *changeKeyBoardButton; //More @property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *moreButton; //鍵盤座標系的轉換 @property (nonatomic, assign) CGRect endKeyBoardFrame; //表情鍵盤 @property (nonatomic, strong) FunctionView *functionView; //more @property (nonatomic, strong) MoreView *moreView; //資料model @property (strong, nonatomic) ImageModelClass *imageMode; @property (strong, nonatomic)HistoryImage *tempImage; //傳輸文字的block回撥 @property (strong, nonatomic) MyTextBlock textBlock; //contentsinz @property (strong, nonatomic) ContentSizeBlock sizeBlock; //傳輸volome的block回撥 @property (strong, nonatomic) AudioVolumeBlock volumeBlock; //傳輸錄音地址 @property (strong, nonatomic) AudioURLBlock urlBlock; //錄音取消 @property (strong, nonatomic) CancelRecordBlock cancelBlock; //新增錄音功能的屬性 @property (strong, nonatomic) AVAudioRecorder *audioRecorder; @property (strong, nonatomic) NSTimer *timer; @property (strong, nonatomic) NSURL *audioPlayURL; @end<br> |
2.接受相應的Block回撥,把block傳入ToolView中，程式碼如下：
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-(void)setMyTextBlock:(MyTextBlock)block { self.textBlock = block; } -(void)setAudioVolumeBlock:(AudioVolumeBlock)block { self.volumeBlock = block; } -(void)setAudioURLBlock:(AudioURLBlock)block { self.urlBlock = block; } -(void)setContentSizeBlock:(ContentSizeBlock)block { self.sizeBlock = block; } -(void)setCancelRecordBlock:(CancelRecordBlock)block { self.cancelBlock = block; }<br> |
3.控制元件的初始化，純程式碼新增ToolView中要用到的元件（分配記憶體，配置相應的屬性），因為是自定義元件的封裝，所以我們的storyboard就用不上啦，新增控制元件的程式碼如下：
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//控制元件的初始化 -(void) addSubview { self.voiceChangeButton = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; [self.voiceChangeButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_voice_press.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.voiceChangeButton addTarget:self action:@selector(tapVoiceChangeButton:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [self addSubview:self.voiceChangeButton]; self.sendVoiceButton = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; [self.sendVoiceButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_textfield.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendVoiceButton setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendVoiceButton setTitle:@"按住說話" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendVoiceButton addTarget:self action:@selector(tapSendVoiceButton:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; self.sendVoiceButton.hidden = YES; [self addSubview:self.sendVoiceButton]; self.sendTextView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; self.sendTextView.delegate = self; [self addSubview:self.sendTextView]; self.changeKeyBoardButton = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; [self.changeKeyBoardButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_smile_nor.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.changeKeyBoardButton addTarget:self action:@selector(tapChangeKeyBoardButton:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [self addSubview:self.changeKeyBoardButton]; self.moreButton = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero]; [self.moreButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_up_nor.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.moreButton addTarget:self action:@selector(tapMoreButton:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [self addSubview:self.moreButton]; [self addDone]; //例項化FunctionView self.functionView = [[FunctionView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 216)]; self.functionView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor]; //設定資源載入的檔名 self.functionView.plistFileName = @"emoticons"; __weak __block ToolView *copy_self = self; //獲取圖片並顯示 [self.functionView setFunctionBlock:^(UIImage *image, NSString *imageText) { 48 NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",copy_self.sendTextView.text, imageText]; copy_self.sendTextView.text = str; //把使用過的圖片存入sqlite NSData *imageData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image); [copy_self.imageMode save:imageData ImageText:imageText]; }]; //給sendTextView新增輕擊手勢 UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapGesture:)]; [self.sendTextView addGestureRecognizer:tapGesture]; //給sendVoiceButton新增長按手勢 UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPress = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(sendVoiceButtonLongPress:)]; //設定長按時間 longPress.minimumPressDuration = 0.2; [self.sendVoiceButton addGestureRecognizer:longPress]; //例項化MoreView self.moreView = [[MoreView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 0, 0)]; self.moreView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor]; [self.moreView setMoreBlock:^(NSInteger index) { 73 NSLog(@"MoreIndex = %d",(int)index); }]; }<br> |
4.給我們的控制元件新增相應的約束，為了適合不同的螢幕，所以自動佈局是少不了的。當然啦給控制元件新增約束也必須是手寫程式碼啦，新增約束的程式碼如下：
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//給控制元件加約束 -(void)addConstraint { //給voicebutton新增約束 self.voiceChangeButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO; NSArray *voiceConstraintH = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-5-[_voiceChangeButton(30)]" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_voiceChangeButton)]; [self addConstraints:voiceConstraintH]; NSArray *voiceConstraintV = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-8-[_voiceChangeButton(30)]" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_voiceChangeButton)]; [self addConstraints:voiceConstraintV]; //給MoreButton新增約束 self.moreButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO; NSArray *moreButtonH = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[_moreButton(30)]-5-|" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_moreButton)]; [self addConstraints:moreButtonH]; NSArray *moreButtonV = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-8-[_moreButton(30)]" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_moreButton)]; [self addConstraints:moreButtonV]; //給changeKeyBoardButton新增約束 self.changeKeyBoardButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO; NSArray *changeKeyBoardButtonH = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[_changeKeyBoardButton(33)]-43-|" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_changeKeyBoardButton)]; [self addConstraints:changeKeyBoardButtonH]; NSArray *changeKeyBoardButtonV = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-5-[_changeKeyBoardButton(33)]" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_changeKeyBoardButton)]; [self addConstraints:changeKeyBoardButtonV]; //給文字框新增約束 self.sendTextView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO; NSArray *sendTextViewConstraintH = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-45-[_sendTextView]-80-|" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_sendTextView)]; [self addConstraints:sendTextViewConstraintH]; NSArray *sendTextViewConstraintV = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-10-[_sendTextView]-10-|" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_sendTextView)]; [self addConstraints:sendTextViewConstraintV]; //語音傳送按鈕 self.sendVoiceButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO; NSArray *sendVoiceButtonConstraintH = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-50-[_sendVoiceButton]-90-|" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_sendVoiceButton)]; [self addConstraints:sendVoiceButtonConstraintH]; NSArray *sendVoiceButtonConstraintV = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-6-[_sendVoiceButton]-6-|" options:0 metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_sendVoiceButton)]; [self addConstraints:sendVoiceButtonConstraintV]; }<br> |
5.因為我們要傳送錄音，所以對音訊部分的初始化是少不了的，以下程式碼是對音訊的初始化
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//錄音部分初始化 -(void)audioInit { NSError * err = nil; AVAudioSession *audioSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance]; [audioSession setCategory :AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord error:&err]; if(err){ 10 NSLog(@"audioSession: %@ %d %@", [err domain], [err code], [[err userInfo] description]); return; } [audioSession setActive:YES error:&err]; err = nil; if(err){ NSLog(@"audioSession: %@ %d %@", [err domain], [err code], [[err userInfo] description]); return; } //通過可變字典進行配置項的載入 NSMutableDictionary *setAudioDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; //設定錄音格式(aac格式) [setAudioDic setValue:@(kAudioFormatMPEG4AAC) forKey:AVFormatIDKey]; //設定錄音取樣率(Hz) 如：AVSampleRateKey==8000/44100/96000（影響音訊的質量） [setAudioDic setValue:@(44100) forKey:AVSampleRateKey]; //設定錄音通道數1 Or 2 [setAudioDic setValue:@(1) forKey:AVNumberOfChannelsKey]; //線性取樣位數 8、16、24、32 [setAudioDic setValue:@16 forKey:AVLinearPCMBitDepthKey]; //錄音的質量 [setAudioDic setValue:@(AVAudioQualityHigh) forKey:AVEncoderAudioQualityKey]; NSString *strUrl = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject]; NSString *fileName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", (long)[[NSDate date] timeIntervalSince1970]]; NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@.aac", strUrl, fileName]]; _audioPlayURL = url; NSError *error; //初始化 self.audioRecorder = [[AVAudioRecorder alloc]initWithURL:url settings:setAudioDic error:&error]; //開啟音量檢測 self.audioRecorder.meteringEnabled = YES; self.audioRecorder.delegate = self; }<br> |
6.新增鍵盤迴收鍵Done
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//給鍵盤新增done鍵 -(void) addDone { //TextView的鍵盤定製回收按鈕 UIToolbar * toolBar = [[UIToolbar alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 30)]; UIBarButtonItem * item1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemDone target:self action:@selector(tapDone:)]; UIBarButtonItem * item2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target:nil action:nil]; UIBarButtonItem * item3 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target:nil action:nil]; toolBar.items = @[item2,item1,item3]; self.sendTextView.inputAccessoryView =toolBar; }<br> |
三.編寫控制元件的回撥方法
控制元件新增好以後下面要新增觸發控制元件要乾的事情：
1.從最複雜的開始，長按傳送錄音的按鈕時，會錄音。鬆開收時會傳送（在傳送時要判斷音訊的時間，太小不允許傳送）。錄音時上滑取消錄音（刪除錄音檔案）。主要是給錄音按鈕加了一個LongPress手勢，根據手勢的狀態來做不同的事情。關於手勢的內容請參考之前的部落格：（iOS開發之手勢識別），下面是錄音業務邏輯的實現(個人在Coding的時候，感覺這一塊是工具條中最複雜的部分)，程式碼如下：
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//長按手勢觸發的方法 -(void)sendVoiceButtonLongPress:(id)sender { static int i = 1; if ([sender isKindOfClass:[UILongPressGestureRecognizer class]]) { UILongPressGestureRecognizer * longPress = sender; //錄音開始 if (longPress.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) { i = 1; [self.sendVoiceButton setTitleColor:[UIColor redColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; //錄音初始化 [self audioInit]; //建立錄音檔案，準備錄音 if ([self.audioRecorder prepareToRecord]) { //開始 [self.audioRecorder record]; //設定定時檢測音量變化 _timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.05 target:self selector:@selector(detectionVoice) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; } } //取消錄音 if (longPress.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged) { CGPoint piont = [longPress locationInView:self]; NSLog(@"%f",piont.y); if (piont.y 20) { if (i == 1) { [self.sendVoiceButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_textfield.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendVoiceButton setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; //刪除錄製檔案 [self.audioRecorder deleteRecording]; [self.audioRecorder stop]; [_timer invalidate]; UIAlertView *alter = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"錄音取消" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles: nil]; [alter show]; //去除圖片用的 self.cancelBlock(1); i = 0; } } } if (longPress.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) { if (i == 1) { NSLog(@"錄音結束"); [self.sendVoiceButton setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_textfield.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendVoiceButton setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; double cTime = self.audioRecorder.currentTime; if (cTime > 1) { //如果錄製時間 NSLog(@"發出去"); self.urlBlock(self.audioPlayURL); } else { //刪除記錄的檔案 [self.audioRecorder deleteRecording]; UIAlertView *alter = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"錄音時間太短！" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles: nil]; [alter show]; self.cancelBlock(1); } [self.audioRecorder stop]; [_timer invalidate]; } } } }<br> |
2.下面的程式碼是檢測音量的變化，用於根據音量變化圖片，程式碼如下：
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//錄音的音量探測 - (void)detectionVoice { [self.audioRecorder updateMeters];//重新整理音量資料 //獲取音量的平均值 [recorder averagePowerForChannel:0]; //音量的最大值 [recorder peakPowerForChannel:0]; CGFloat lowPassResults = pow(10, (0.05 * [self.audioRecorder peakPowerForChannel:0])); //把聲音的音量傳給呼叫者 self.volumeBlock(lowPassResults); } |
3.輕擊輸入框時，切換到系統鍵盤，程式碼如下：
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//輕擊sendText切換鍵盤 -(void)tapGesture:(UITapGestureRecognizer *) sender { if ([self.sendTextView.inputView isEqual:self.functionView]) { self.sendTextView.inputView = nil; [self.changeKeyBoardButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_smile_nor.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendTextView reloadInputViews]; } if (![self.sendTextView isFirstResponder]) { [self.sendTextView becomeFirstResponder]; } } |
4.通過輸入框的文字多少改變toolView的高度，因為輸入框的約束是加在ToolView上的，所以需要把輸入框的ContentSize通過block傳到ToolView的呼叫者上，讓ToolView的父檢視來改變ToolView的高度，從而sendTextView的高度也會隨著改變的，下面的程式碼是把ContentSize交給父檢視：程式碼如下：
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//通過文字的多少改變toolView的高度 -(void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView { CGSize contentSize = self.sendTextView.contentSize; self.sizeBlock(contentSize); } |
效果如下，文字多時TextView的高度也會增大：
5.點選最左邊的按鈕觸發的事件（切換文字輸入框和錄音按鈕），程式碼如下：
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//切換聲音按鍵和文字輸入框 -(void)tapVoiceChangeButton:(UIButton *) sender { if (self.sendVoiceButton.hidden == YES) { self.sendTextView.hidden = YES; self.sendVoiceButton.hidden = NO; [self.voiceChangeButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_keyboard_nor.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; if ([self.sendTextView isFirstResponder]) { [self.sendTextView resignFirstResponder]; } } else { self.sendTextView.hidden = NO; self.sendVoiceButton.hidden = YES; [self.voiceChangeButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_voice_press.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; if (![self.sendTextView isFirstResponder]) { [self.sendTextView becomeFirstResponder]; } } }<br> |
6.點選return傳送文字（通過Block回撥傳入到父檢視上），程式碼如下：
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//傳送資訊（點選return） - (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range replacementText:(NSString *)text { if ([text isEqualToString:@"n"]) { //通過block回撥把text的值傳遞到Controller中共 self.textBlock(self.sendTextView.text); self.sendTextView.text = @""; return NO; } return YES; } |
7.錄音按鈕本身要做的事情（在LongPress沒有被觸發時呼叫）程式碼如下：
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//傳送聲音按鈕回撥的方法 -(void)tapSendVoiceButton:(UIButton *) sender { NSLog(@"sendVoiceButton"); //點選傳送按鈕沒有觸發長按手勢要做的事兒 UIAlertView *alter = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:@"按住錄音" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles: nil]; [alter show]; } |
8.呼叫表情鍵盤：
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//變成表情鍵盤 -(void)tapChangeKeyBoardButton:(UIButton *) sender { if ([self.sendTextView.inputView isEqual:self.functionView]) { self.sendTextView.inputView = nil; [self.changeKeyBoardButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_smile_nor.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendTextView reloadInputViews]; } else { self.sendTextView.inputView = self.functionView; [self.changeKeyBoardButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_keyboard_nor.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.sendTextView reloadInputViews]; } if (![self.sendTextView isFirstResponder]) { [self.sendTextView becomeFirstResponder]; } if (self.sendTextView.hidden == YES) { self.sendTextView.hidden = NO; self.sendVoiceButton.hidden = YES; [self.voiceChangeButton setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"chat_bottom_voice_press.png"] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; } } |
以上就是ToolView的所有封裝程式碼，至於在Controller中如何使用他來傳送訊息，如何定義聊天Cell,如何處理錄音檔案，聊天時的氣泡是如何實現的等功能，在以後的部落格中會繼續講解，希望大家繼續關注。（轉載請註明出處）
Demo地址：https://github.com/lizelu/WeChat
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