手工建庫完成過程

手工建庫步驟：

1、建立資料庫所需的目錄，包括資料檔案存放目錄，日誌存放目錄，歸檔存放目錄等
2、建立密碼檔案
3、建立引數檔案
4、透過剛建立的pfile引數將資料庫啟動的nomount狀態
5、開始執行create database 命令建立資料庫
6、建立資料庫相關檢視和資料字典
7、檢查資料庫狀態，是否建立完成
8、將建立資料庫用的pfile引數建立成spfile，以後啟動的時候不需要指定。
9、重啟資料庫，驗證第八步驟
10、資料庫建立完成。
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                                執行步驟如下
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1、建立建庫所需的相關目錄
[root@ora10g ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ora10g ~]$ cd /oradata/
[oracle@ora10g oradata]$ ls
admin  archive  flash_back  lost+found  wwl
[oracle@ora10g oradata]$ mkdir wwl02
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ mkdir -p /oradata/wwl02/admin/bdump /oradata/wwl02/admin/udump /oradata/wwl02/admin/cdump /oradata/wwl02/data/
[oracle@ora10g oradata]$ mkdir -p  /oradata/wwl02/archive /oradata/wwl02/flash_back_area
[oracle@ora10g oradata]$ cd wwl01
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ ls
admin  archive  data  flash_back_area
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ cd admin/
[oracle@ora10g admin]$ ls -rtl
總計 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 11-19 03:00 udump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 11-19 03:00 cdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 11-19 03:00 bdump

2、建立資料庫的密碼檔案
[oracle@ora10g oradata]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@ora10g dbs]$ orapwd file=orawwl02 password=oracle entries=5 force=y;
[oracle@ora10g dbs]$ ls
hc_wwl.dat  initdw.ora  init.ora  lkWWL  orapwwwl  orawwl02  spfilewwl.ora
[oracle@ora10g dbs]$ cp init.ora initwwl02.ora

3、建立引數檔案，並修改引數檔案內容                                                        
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@ora10g dbs]$ more initdw.ora |grep -v '^#'|grep -v '^$' >initwwl02.ora
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ vi                  
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ cat /orasoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initwwl02.ora

db_name = wwl02
instance_name = wwl02
pga_aggregate_target = 30M                                #DEMO
db_cache_size = 100M                                #DEMO
shared_pool_size = 80M                                   #DEMO
parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4                                 #SMALL
star_transformation_enabled = true
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16
query_rewrite_enabled = true
query_rewrite_integrity = trusted
background_dump_dest = /oradata/wwl02/admin/bdump
user_dump_dest = /oradata/wwl02/admin/udump
core_dump_dest = /oradata/wwl02/admin/cdump
control_files = /oradata/wwl02/data/control01.ctl
undo_management = auto
undo_tablespace = undotbs

4、用剛才建立的引數檔案把例項啟動到nomount狀態
[oracle@ora10g ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=wwl02
[oracle@ora10g ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
wwl02
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Nov 19 03:18:47 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile = /orasoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initwwl02.ora
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  218103808 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218604 bytes
Variable Size             109053908 bytes
Database Buffers          104857600 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

5、建立資料庫,資料庫名稱為wwl02
SQL> create database wwl02
  2    user sys identified by oracle
  3    user system identified by oracle
  4  datafile '/oradata/wwl02/data/system01.dbf' size 300m
  5  sysaux datafile '/oradata/wwl02/data/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m
  6  default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '/oradata/wwl02/data/temp01.dbf' size 100m
  7  undo tablespace undotbs datafile '/oradata/wwl02/data/undotbs01.dbf' size 100m
  8  logfile
  9     group 1 '/oradata/wwl02/data/redo01a.log' size 10m,
 10     group 2 '/oradata/wwl02/data/redo02a.log' size 10m,
   group 3 '/oradata/wwl02/data/redo03a.log' size 10m
character set zhs16gbk; 11   12 

Database created.

6、執行建庫後的指令碼，建立系統的檢視和資料字典
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
conn system/oracle
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

7、檢查資料庫現在是否open狀態。
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
wwl02            OPEN

1 row selected.

8、將建立資料庫用的pfile引數建立成spfile
SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string
SQL> create spfile from pfile = '/orasoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initwwl02.ora';

File created.

9、重啟資料庫後，資料庫開始預設使用spfile啟動資料庫。
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  218103808 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218604 bytes
Variable Size             109053908 bytes
Database Buffers          104857600 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /orasoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/d
                                                 bs/spfilewwl02.ora
SQL>

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ora10g wwl02]$ exit
logout
[root@ora10g ~]# exit
logout

10、至此，手工建庫已完成。