Oracle 12Cr2 Using CloneDB to clone a database

這裡將介紹如何使用Oracle 12CR2的CloneDB功能來克隆一個資料庫，生產庫orcl的Oracle home目錄為/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db，資料庫的備份檔案儲存在/u01/app/oracle/backup/目錄中,CloneDB庫clonedb的oracle home目錄也為/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db

操作步驟如下:
1.對生產庫執行備份,因為生產庫jy啟用了歸檔所以執行聯機備份，使用backup as copy來備份生產庫的資料檔案，只備份資料檔案。

SQL> col name for a50
SQL> select file#,rfile#,name from v$datafile;

     FILE#     RFILE# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1          1 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/system.280.941831569
         2          2 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/sysaux.281.941831647
         3          3 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs1.282.941831677
         4          4 +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/users.284.941831687

SQL> select name from v$tablespace;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS



RMAN> backup as copy database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U';

Starting backup at 25-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/system.280.941831569
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_1vs2jnif tag=TAG20170425T210621 RECID=17 STAMP=942267998
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/sysaux.281.941831647
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_20s2jnj1 tag=TAG20170425T210621 RECID=18 STAMP=942268013
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/users.284.941831687
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-USERS_FNO-4_21s2jnjj tag=TAG20170425T210621 RECID=19 STAMP=942268023
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs1.282.941831677
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_22s2jnjs tag=TAG20170425T210621 RECID=20 STAMP=942268033
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
Finished backup at 25-APR-17

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-APR-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/c-1469612247-20170425-03 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-APR-17

2.建立pfile引數檔案

SQL> create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/initclonedb.ora' from spfile;

File created.

3.建立克隆庫clonedb
3.1 手動生成建立CloneDB庫的SQL指令碼
3.1.1 以sysdba或sysbackup管理許可權連線到生產庫

[oracle@jytest3 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@jytest3 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 24 19:56:40 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

3.1.2 執行以下命令來對生產庫的控制檔案生成備份

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

Database altered.

SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_22801.trc

3.1.3 將生成的跟蹤檔案中的startup nomount與create controlfile語句複製到一個新建立的指令碼中。

[oracle@jytest3 dbs]$ vi create_clonedb.sql
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
    MAXDATAFILES 30
    MAXINSTANCES 1
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_1.278.941831529'  SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '+DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_2.279.941831545'  SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/system.280.941831569',
  '+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/sysaux.281.941831647',
  '+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/undotbs1.282.941831677',
  '+DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/users.284.941831687'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

3.1.4 統計圖指令碼create_clonedb.sql，將資料庫名從orcl修改為clonedb,將日誌檔案目錄從+data/orcl/onlinelog/修改為+data/clonedb/onlinelog，將資料檔案目錄從+data/orcl/datafile修改為備份目錄/u01/app/oracle/backup/，修改之後的指令碼內容如下:

STARTUP NOMOUNT pfile=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/initclonedb.ora

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE clonedb RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
    MAXDATAFILES 30
    MAXINSTANCES 1
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+data/clonedb/onlinelog/redo1.log'  SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '+data/clonedb/onlinelog/redo2.log'  SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_1vs2jnif',
  '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_20s2jnj1',
  '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-USERS_FNO-4_21s2jnjj',
  '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_22s2jnjs'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

3.1.5 將生成的引數檔案pfile複製到clonedb庫所儲存引數檔案的位置，因為這裡生產庫與clonedb庫的Oracle home目錄相同，所以不用複製，這裡需要引數檔案修改為clonedb庫所使用的相關引數，並且要增加CLONEDB=TRUE這個引數

[oracle@jytest3 dbs]$ vi initclonedb.ora
orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0
orcl.__db_cache_size=427819008
orcl.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0
orcl.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=20971520
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=432013312
orcl.__sga_target=641728512
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=171966464
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.control_files='+data/clonedb/controlfile/control01.ctl','+data/clonedb/controlfile/control02.ctl'
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_name=clonedb
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+data/arch/clonedb/'
*.memory_target=1G
clonedb=true

3.1.6 使用SQL*PLUS並以sysdba管理許可權連線到clonedb庫

[oracle@jytest3 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=clonedb
[oracle@jytest3 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Apr 24 20:24:52 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

3.1.7 執行之前建立的create_clonedb.sql指令碼

SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/create_clonedb.sql
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes
Fixed Size                  8628936 bytes
Variable Size             629146936 bytes
Database Buffers          427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers                8146944 bytes

Control file created.

3.1.8 對於在備份目錄中的每個資料檔案，執行dbms_dnfs.clonedb_renamefile過程,srcfile指定備份檔案，destfile指定目標檔案

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_DNFS.CLONEDB_RENAMEFILE(srcfile => '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_1vs2jnif',destfile => 

'+DATA/clonedb/datafile/system.dbf');
  3  DBMS_DNFS.CLONEDB_RENAMEFILE(srcfile => '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_20s2jnj1',destfile => 

'+DATA/clonedb/datafile/sysaux.dbf');
  4  DBMS_DNFS.CLONEDB_RENAMEFILE(srcfile => '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-USERS_FNO-4_21s2jnjj',destfile => '+DATA/clonedb/datafile/users.dbf');
  5  DBMS_DNFS.CLONEDB_RENAMEFILE(srcfile => '/u01/app/oracle/backup/data_D-ORCL_I-1469612247_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_22s2jnjs',destfile => 

'+DATA/clonedb/datafile/undotbs1.dbf');
  6  END;
  7  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

4.如果使用聯機備份建立clonedb庫，那麼需要對clonedb執行恢復操作。如果是使用的完全離線備份或使用的是backup as copy備份，則不需要執行恢復操作，因為我這是使用的backup as copy備份。需要執行恢復，執行以下命令:

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 630593 generated at 04/25/2017 21:06:24 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : +DATA/arch/clonedb/1_22_941831511.dbf
ORA-00280: change 630593 for thread 1 is in sequence #22


Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

這裡需要查詢生產庫當前正在使用的聯機重做日誌檔案

SQL> set long 300
SQL> set linesize 300
SQL> select * from v$log;

    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES  BLOCKSIZE    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME   NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME        CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ----------
         1          1         21  104857600        512          1 YES INACTIVE                627446 25-APR-17          630528 25-APR-17             0
         2          1         22  104857600        512          1 NO  CURRENT                 630528 25-APR-17      1.8447E+19                       0

SQL> col member for a50
SQL> select * from v$logfile;

    GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER                                             IS_     CON_ID
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------- --- ----------
         1         ONLINE  +DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_1.278.941831529         NO           0
         2         ONLINE  +DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_2.279.941831545         NO           0


+DATA/ORCL/ONLINELOG/group_2.279.941831545
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL> 

5.執行以下命令open資料庫

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

到此克隆資料庫的所要操作完成。