分兩個階段描述，第一階段改sid，第二階段改dbname

下面描述詳細步驟

第一階段：改sid

1、登入資料庫檢視先前的sid，總共三步，

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 16:51:35 2011

Connected to an idle instance

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes

Fixed Size 1337748 bytes

Variable Size 360711788 bytes

Database Buffers 171966464 bytes

Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> select instance from v$thread ;

INSTANCE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

orcl

2、關閉資料庫

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SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

3、編輯/etc/oratab檔案，把所有orcl換成test，大部分情況其實就一條。----這幾步不需要管的。

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /etc/oratab

4、更改oracle使用者的 .bash_profile檔案,把orcl改成test

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile

5、使改好的.bash_profile檔案生效

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ . .bash_profile

7、檢視系統環境變數

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ env | grep ORACLE

ORACLE_UNQNAME=test

ORACLE_SID=test

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

效果已經生成。

8、進入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs檢視目錄，看那些有orcl,改成test

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll

總計 24

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10-01 16:55 hc_orcl.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 2009-05-15 init.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 09-28 20:57 lkORCL

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 09-29 09:42 orapworcl

drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 09-28 20:55 peshm_orcl_0

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 10-01 16:53 spfileorcl.ora

9、更改檔名orcr>> test，ORCL>>test，命令如下：

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[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_test.dat

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwtest

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkTEST

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv peshm_orcl_0/ peshm_test_0/

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfiletest.ora

10、重行生成密碼檔案，並檢視

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[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=sys entries=5 force=y

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -lrt orap*

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 10-01 17:02 orapwtest

11、登入資料庫，並檢視例項名字，結果表明sid已由orcl變成test了

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[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:03:25 2011

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes

Fixed Size 1337748 bytes

Variable Size 327157356 bytes

Database Buffers 205520896 bytes

Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> select instance from v$thread

2 ;

INSTANCE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

test

第二部分：不用退出登入，接著開始第二部分，更改資料庫名dbname

2.1備份控制檔案

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SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;

Database altered.

2.2關閉並退出資料庫

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SQL>

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

2.3 orcale 11.2g的控制檔案的備份目錄為

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ORCL/test/trace ###告警日誌裡面 ,注意rdbms後面應該是ORCL，因為資料庫名字還沒有改變。

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[oracle@localhost trace]$ ls -lrt

總計 80

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 256 10-01 17:03 test_ora_5286.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 14393 10-01 17:03 test_ora_5286.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 68 10-01 17:03 test_mman_5334.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 852 10-01 17:03 test_mman_5334.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 61 10-01 17:03 test_cjq0_5437.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 993 10-01 17:03 test_cjq0_5437.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 82 10-01 17:04 test_dbrm_5328.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1172 10-01 17:04 test_dbrm_5328.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 90 10-01 17:05 test_vktm_5320.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1233 10-01 17:05 test_vktm_5320.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 72 10-01 17:05 test_vkrm_5439.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 996 10-01 17:05 test_vkrm_5439.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 174 10-01 17:05 test_ora_5419.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5894 10-01 17:05 test_ora_5419.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5969 10-01 17:05 alert_test.log

[oracle@localhost trace]$ vim alert_test.log

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可以在 alter_test.log裡找到contolfile的備份trc，<em>sid_</em>ora_nnnn.trc 最新的一個就是。

alter_test.log裡面有這樣一行字樣，告訴你哪個是控制備份檔案

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Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/test/trace/test_ora_5419.trc

2.5複製一份

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[oracle@localhost trace]$ cp test_ora_5419.trc test.sql

2.6編輯 test.sql,也就是test_ora_5419.trc的複製品。

1）查詢STARTUP NOMOUNT語句，將這一行上面的所有行都刪除

2）查詢所有以--開始的行，把這些行刪除

3）查詢所有的orcl修改為test，所有的ORCL修改為test ###這個步驟不做也可以，做的目的就是為了符合規矩，實際上控制檔案資料檔案的目錄是可以隨便起的。

4）找到CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE...語句，將其中的REUSE修改為SET

5）找到RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE語句，將其用雙橫線（--）註釋掉

結果如下：

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STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "test" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/example01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

;

--RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

2.7生成配置檔案

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[oracle@localhost trace]$ sqlplus /as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:12:48 2011

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL> exit

Disconnected

2.8目錄更改，這裡和oracle 10g不一樣，要注意。

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[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls

orcl ORCL

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv orcl/ test/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv ORCL/ test/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ mv orcl/ test/

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls

test

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd diag/

[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls

rdbms tnslsnr

[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd rdbms/

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ mv orcl/ test/

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls

test

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd test

[oracle@localhost test]$ ls

i_1.mif test orcl

[oracle@localhost test]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls

rdbms tnslsnr

[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin/

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl/

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls

adump dpdump pfile

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost admin]$ mv orcl/ test/

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

test

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:18:02 2011

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

2.9刪除的控制檔案。

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[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd test/

[oracle@localhost test]$ ls

control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf

example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf

[oracle@localhost test]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.aaa

[oracle@localhost test]$ ls

control01.ctl.aaa redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf

example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf

[oracle@localhost test]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls

test

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd..

bash: cd..: command not found

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls

test test

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd test/

[oracle@localhost test]$ ls

control02.ctl

[oracle@localhost test]$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.aaa

2.10登入oracle生成spfile檔案

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[oracle@localhost test]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Oct 1 17:23:34 2011

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='?/dbs/inittest.ora';

File created.

2.11呼叫前面步驟修改好的test.sql，目的是生成連結控制檔案等

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SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test/test/trace/test.sql

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes

Fixed Size 1337748 bytes

Variable Size 327157356 bytes

Database Buffers 205520896 bytes

Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes

Control file created.

Database altered.

Tablespace altered.

2.12檢視結果

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SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

--------------------

READ WRITE

SQL> show parameter name

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_file_name_convert string

db_name string test

db_unique_name string test

global_names boolean FALSE

instance_name string test

lock_name_space string

log_file_name_convert string

service_names string test.localdomain

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME

---------

test

SQL>

上表明更改成功。

小結：針對目錄：$ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/db_name/oracle_sid/trace

當你改掉例項名之後重啟資料庫後，就會在$ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/db_name生成一個新的目錄（名字就是你新起名字的sid) ，當然當你修改了資料庫名字之後，$ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/後面就生成一個和你新起的資料庫名字一樣的目錄。

透過上面的過程我們可以看出來，修改已經建立好庫的資料庫名字和sid是相當麻煩的過程，所以儘量不去修改，建立的時候要考慮周到.

oracle 11g 修改資料庫名字和例項名字

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