Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（十）

打算寫一系列的文章介紹11g的新特性和變化。

Oracle11g在備份和恢復方面新增了很多的功能，無論是效能、功能性、安全性和可操作性方面都有了不同程度的提高。

這一篇介紹rman備份指令碼的替換變數功能。

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（一）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/412991

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（二）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414647

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（三）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414834

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（四）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414941

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（五）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/416015

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（六）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/423531

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（七）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/426943

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（八）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/427877

Oracle11新特性——備份恢復功能增強（九）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/429571

11g增加了備份指令碼的變數替換功能，提高了備份指令碼的靈活性。

看一個簡單的例子：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ vi rman_backup.sh

rman target / << EOF
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data1/backup/%U';
backup database tag regular_backup_071211;
}
EOF

編寫一個簡單的備份指令碼，將檔案屬性設定為可以執行：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ chmod 744 rman_backup.sh

下面就可以執行這個指令碼對資料庫進行備份了：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ . rman_backup.sh

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Nov 10 07:08:49 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5>
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=135 device type=DISK
released channel: c1

Starting backup at 10-NOV-07
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_system_3d3795py_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_3d379f1s_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_3d379k48_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_users_3d37bq45_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1oj0m784_1_1 tag=REGULAR_BACKUP_071211 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1pj0m7e0_1_1 tag=REGULAR_BACKUP_071211 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 10-NOV-07

使用指令碼雖然很方便，但是不夠靈活，有的時候希望更改一些引數，甚至是動態輸入一些引數。11g新增的替換變數功能使得這種需求可以很簡單的實現。

首先建立一個RMAN命令檔案：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ vi rman_command.cmd

run
{
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data1/&1/%U';
backup database tag &2;
}

這樣在rman中就可以直接呼叫了：

[oracle@yangtk ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Sat Nov 10 07:49:33 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)

RMAN> @rman_command.cmd 'backup' 'tag_var_071211'

RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data1/backup/%U';
4> backup database tag tag_var_071211;
5> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=106 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 10-NOV-07
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_system_3d3795py_.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_3d379f1s_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_3d379k48_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_users_3d37bq45_.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1tj0m9lh_1_1 tag=TAG_VAR_071211 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:38
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 10-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1uj0m9sk_1_1 tag=TAG_VAR_071211 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 10-NOV-07
released channel: c1

RMAN>
RMAN> **end-of-file**

RMAN>

這種變數替換還可以使用在SCRIPTS中。這裡就不描述了。