12條語句學會oracle cbo計算(十一)

selectshen發表於2015-05-23
12條語句學會oracle cbo計算(十一)
工作中,你可能會遇到統計資料正確,但就是不走你想要的執行計劃的情況,最後一般透過hint或sql_profile解決.一條sql語句的效能主要依賴於好的物理結構,準確的系統統計資料,準確的物件統計資料,合理的查詢最佳化器引數,合理的系統引數.這些因素也就是cost計算基本引數.因此產生的sql最佳化技術有很多,大概包含:改變訪問結構,修改sql語句,加hint,改變執行環境,sql profile,stored outlines,sql plan baseline.其實無外乎就是透過調整sql適應環境或者透過調整環境適應sql.如果清楚Cost值的演算法,就可以透過演算法的對比,找到問題的真正原因,更有針對性的去解決問題.
全文主要參考Jonathan Lewis的<>和黃瑋(fuyuncat)的<>,特別黃瑋(fuyuncat)的這本,是非常值得去學習的.

準備用14篇來描述完,前2篇是統計資料,演算法公式說明,後12篇用12條語句分別去套用說明.
本篇例子的特徵是雙表,排序合併關聯,和上一篇差別是雙表排序合併關聯

--產生測試資料
drop table scott.t_test1 purge;
drop table scott.t_test2 purge;
create table scott.t_test1 as select * from dba_objects;

create table scott.t_test2 as select * from dba_objects;

begin
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('scott','t_test1');
end;
begin
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('scott','t_test2');
end;

--產生語句的執行計劃
--這裡我是在pl/sql developer,是因為不用象10053那麼麻煩就可以產生想要的幾個值用以對比.
explain plan for select /*+use_merge(a,b)*/* from scott.t_test1 a,scott.t_test2 b where a.object_id=b.object_id;

SELECT lpad(' ', 2 * (LEVEL - 1)) || operation operation,
       options,
       object_name,
       cardinality,
       bytes,
       io_cost,
       cpu_cost,
       cost,
       time
  FROM plan_table
 START WITH id = 0
CONNECT BY PRIOR id = parent_id;
/*
OPERATION    OPTIONS    OBJECT_NAME    CARDINALITY    BYTES    IO_COST    CPU_COST    COST    TIME
SELECT STATEMENT            86336    16921856    4534    355023108    4544    55
  MERGE JOIN            86336    16921856    4534    355023108    4544    55
    SORT    JOIN        86336    8460928    2267    177510937    2272    28
      TABLE ACCESS    FULL    T_TEST1    86336    8460928    343    46104616    344    5
    SORT    JOIN        86337    8461026    2267    177512171    2272    28
      TABLE ACCESS    FULL    T_TEST2    86337    8461026    343    46105046    344    5
*/

--查詢表的統計資料
select rpad(table_name, 10, ' ') table_name,
       rpad(num_rows, 10, ' ') num_rows,
       rpad(blocks, 10, ' ') blocks,
       avg_row_len
  from dba_tables
 where owner = 'SCOTT'
   and table_name in ('T_TEST1','T_TEST2');
/*
TABLE_NAME    NUM_ROWS    BLOCKS    AVG_ROW_LEN
T_TEST2       86337         1261          98
T_TEST1       86336         1261          98
*/

--查詢列的統計資料
select rpad(table_name, 12, ' ') table_name,
       rpad(column_name, 12, ' ') column_name,
       rpad(num_distinct, 8, ' ') num_distinct,
       rpad(utl_raw.cast_to_number(low_value), 15, ' ') low_value,
       rpad(utl_raw.cast_to_number(high_value), 10, ' ') high_value,
       rpad(nullable, 8, ' ') nullable,
       rpad(num_nulls, 8, ' ') num_nulls,
       rpad(avg_col_len, 6, ' ') avg_col_len,
       rpad(density, 20, ' ') density,
       histogram
  from dba_tab_columns
 where owner = 'SCOTT'
   and table_name in ('T_TEST1','T_TEST2')
   and column_name = 'OBJECT_ID';
/*
TABLE_NAME    COLUMN_NAME    NUM_DISTINCT    LOW_VALUE    HIGH_VALUE    NULLABLE    NUM_NULLS    AVG_COL_LEN    DENSITY    HISTOGRAM
T_TEST1         OBJECT_ID       86336       2                  87743         Y           0           5         .0000115826538176427    NONE
T_TEST2         OBJECT_ID       86337       2                  87744         Y           0           5         .0000115825196613271    NONE
*/

--查詢各列平均長度之和
select table_name,sum(avg_col_len),count(1)
from dba_tab_col_statistics
where owner='SCOTT' and table_name in ( 'T_TEST1','T_TEST2')    
group by table_name;   
/*
TABLE_NAME    SUM(AVG_COL_LEN)    COUNT(1)
T_TEST2    100    15
T_TEST1    100    15
*/

--查詢最佳化器引數
select rpad(name,40,' ') name,rpad(value,20,' ') value,isdefault
  from (select nam.ksppinm name,
               val.KSPPSTVL value,
               --nam.ksppdesc description,
               val.ksppstdf isdefault
          from sys.x$ksppi nam, sys.x$ksppcv val
         where nam.inst_id = val.inst_id
           and nam.indx = val.indx)
 where name in
       ('_db_file_optimizer_read_count', 'db_file_multiblock_read_count',
        '_optimizer_block_size', '_table_scan_cost_plus_one',
        '_optimizer_ceil_cost', '_optimizer_cost_model',
        '_optimizer_cache_stats', '_smm_auto_min_io_size',
        '_smm_auto_max_io_size', '_smm_min_size', '_smm_max_size',
        '_smm_px_max_size', 'sort_area_retained_size', 'sort_area_size',
        'workarea_size_policy','_optimizer_percent_parallel');    
        
/*
NAME    VALUE    ISDEFAULT
db_file_multiblock_read_count               116                     TRUE
_db_file_optimizer_read_count               8                       TRUE
sort_area_size                              65536                   TRUE
sort_area_retained_size                     0                       TRUE
_optimizer_cost_model                       CHOOSE                  TRUE
_optimizer_cache_stats                      FALSE                   TRUE
_table_scan_cost_plus_one                   TRUE                    TRUE
workarea_size_policy                        AUTO                    TRUE
_smm_auto_min_io_size                       56                      TRUE
_smm_auto_max_io_size                       248                     TRUE
_smm_min_size                               286                     TRUE
_smm_max_size                               57344                   TRUE
_smm_px_max_size                            143360                  TRUE
_optimizer_percent_parallel                 101                     TRUE
_optimizer_block_size                       8192                    TRUE
_optimizer_ceil_cost                        TRUE                    TRUE
*/

--查詢系統統計資料
select rpad(pname, '20', ' ') pname,
       rpad(pval1, '20', ' ') pval1,
       rpad(pval2, '20', ' ') pval2
  from SYS.AUX_STATS$
 where sname = 'SYSSTATS_MAIN';
/*
PNAME    PVAL1    PVAL2
CPUSPEED                    
CPUSPEEDNW              3074.07407407407        
IOSEEKTIM               10                      
IOTFRSPEED              4096                    
MAXTHR                      
MBRC                        
MREADTIM                    
SLAVETHR                    
SREADTIM                                            
*/

--需要應用第二篇中的公式:
(1)NDV=dba_tab_co1umns.num_distinct
(2)DENS=dba_tab_co1umns.DENSITY
(3)ALLROWS=dba_tab1es.NUM_ROWS
(6)COLNB=dba_tab_co1umns.NULLABLE
(11)MBRC=最佳化器系統引數_db_fi1e_optimizer_read_count
(12)SAMINIO=最佳化器系統引數_smm_auto_min_io_size*1024
(14)OPTBLKSIZE=最佳化器系統引數_optimizer_b1ock_size
(16)MBDRC=SAMINIO/OPTBLKSIZE
(21)CPUSPEED=系統統計資料CPUSPEEDNW
(22)IOTFRSPEED=系統統計資料IOTFRSPEED
(23)IOSEEKTIM=系統統計資料IOSEEKTIM
(24)SREADTIM = IOSEEKTIM + OPTBLKSIZ/IOTFRSPEED
(25)MREADTIM = IOSEEKTIM + MBRC * OPTBLKSIZ/IOTFRSPEED
(26)SAMSIZE=最佳化器系統引數_smm_max_size*1024
(27)SASIZE=最佳化器系統引數_smm_min_size*1024
(69)JOINSEL= LEASTEST(COLSEL[Outer], COLSEL[Inner])
(70)CARD[Join] = CARD[Outer]*CARD[Inner]*JOINSEL
(72)IOCOST = (#BLKS/MBRC)*(IOSEEKTIM + MBRC*OPTBLKSIZE/IOTFRSPEED)/(IOSEEKTIM+OPTBLKSIZE/IOTFRSPEED)
(73)CPUCOST = #CPUCYCLES /(CPUSPEED*SREADTIM)/1000
(80)SDSIZE = SROWNUM*SROWSIZE
(81)RROWSIZE = LEAST(ARL, SUM(ACL1~n))
(82)SROWSIZE = RROWSIZE + 10 + CEIL(RROWSIZE/10)
(83)如果SDSIZE > SASIZE,說明排序需要寫入磁碟,否則IOCOST[Sort]=0
(84)SORTWIDTH = FLOOR((SAMSIZE-((60*SAMSIZE/1024/320-40*(SAMSIZE/1024/320-1))+LOG(2,MBDRC)*80)*1024)/((SAMINIO+OPTBLKSIZE)*2.5))
(85)INTRUNS = GREATEST(CEIL(SDSIZE/SAMSIZE), 2)
(86)MERGES = CEIL(LOG(SORTWIDTH,INIRUNS))
(87)SORTBLKS = CEIL(SDSIZE/(OPTBLKSIZE-24))
(88)PASSIO = CEIL(SORTBLKS*(MBDRC*MREADTIM/SREADTIM)/(MBDRC+1 )/(MBRC-1 ))*2 + CEIL(S0RTBLKS*(MBRC-1-MBDRC)/(MBDRC+1)/(MBRC-1))*2
(89)IOCOST[Sort]= SORTBLKS + (PASSIO * MERGES))
(91)IOCOST[SMJ]= IOCOST[Outer] + IOCOST[Inner]

--套用上面的公式及資料進行計算
表名:T_TEST1
(3)ALLROWS=dba_tab1es.NUM_ROWS=86336
列名:OBJECT_ID
(1)NDV=dba_tab_co1umns.num_distinct=86336
(2)DENS=dba_tab_co1umns.DENSITY=.0000115826538176427
(6)COLNB=dba_tab_co1umns.NULLABLE=Y

表名:T_TEST2
(3)ALLROWS=dba_tab1es.NUM_ROWS=86337
列名:OBJECT_ID
(1)NDV=dba_tab_co1umns.num_distinct=86337
(2)DENS=dba_tab_co1umns.DENSITY=.0000115825196613271
(6)COLNB=dba_tab_co1umns.NULLABLE=Y

(11)MBRC=最佳化器系統引數_db_fi1e_optimizer_read_count=8
(12)SAMINIO=最佳化器系統引數_smm_auto_min_io_size*1024=56*1024=57344
(14)OPTBLKSIZE=最佳化器系統引數_optimizer_b1ock_size=8192
(16)MBDRC=SAMINIO/OPTBLKSIZE=57344/8192=7
(21)CPUSPEED=系統統計資料CPUSPEEDNW=3074.07407407407
(22)IOTFRSPEED=系統統計資料IOTFRSPEED=4096
(23)IOSEEKTIM=系統統計資料IOSEEKTIM=10
(24)SREADTIM = IOSEEKTIM + OPTBLKSIZ/IOTFRSPEED=10+8192/4096=12
(25)MREADTIM = IOSEEKTIM + MBRC * OPTBLKSIZ/IOTFRSPEED=10+8*8192/4096=26
(26)SAMSIZE=最佳化器系統引數_smm_max_size*1024=57344*1024=58720256
(27)SASIZE=最佳化器系統引數_smm_min_size*1024=286*1024=292864

--TABLE ACCESS    FULL
ROWS[Outer]=86336
ROWS[Inner]=86337
(72)IOCOST = (#BLKS/MBRC)*(IOSEEKTIM + MBRC*OPTBLKSIZE/IOTFRSPEED)/(IOSEEKTIM+OPTBLKSIZE/IOTFRSPEED)
IOCOST[Outer] = (1261/8)*(10+8*8192/4096)/(10+8192/4096)=341.520833333333
由於_optimizer_ceil_cost=true,_table_scan_cost_plus_one=true,所以微調為:
IOCOST[Outer]=ceil(341.520833333333)+1=343
IOCOST[Inner] = (1261/8)*(10+8*8192/4096)/(10+8192/4096)=341.520833333333
由於_optimizer_ceil_cost=true,_table_scan_cost_plus_one=true,所以微調為:
IOCOSTInner]=ceil(341.520833333333)+1=343

--SORT    JOIN
--[Outer]
SROWNUM=ROWS[Outer]
(81)RROWSIZE = LEAST(ARL, SUM(ACL1~n))
             =LEAST(98, 100)
             =98
(82)SROWSIZE = RROWSIZE + 10 + CEIL(RROWSIZE/10)
             =98+10+CEIL(98/10)
             =118
(80)SDSIZE = SROWNUM*SROWSIZE=86336*118=10187648
(83)如果SDSIZE > SASIZE,說明排序需要寫入磁碟,否則IOCOST[Sort]=0
SDSIZE(10187648)>SASIZE(292864)
(84)SORTWIDTH = FLOOR((SAMSIZE-((60*SAMSIZE/1024/320-40*(SAMSIZE/1024/320-1))+LOG(2,MBDRC)*80)*1024)/((SAMINIO+OPTBLKSIZE)*2.5))
              =FLOOR((58720256-((60*58720256/1024/320-40*(58720256/1024/320-1))+LOG(2,MBDRC)*80)*1024)/(( 57344+8192)*2.5))
              =334
(85)INTRUNS = GREATEST(CEIL(SDSIZE/SAMSIZE), 2)
            =GREATEST(CEIL(10187648/58720256), 2)
            =2
(86)MERGES = CEIL(LOG(SORTWIDTH,INIRUNS))
           =CEIL(LOG(334,2))
           =1
(87)SORTBLKS = CEIL(SDSIZE/(OPTBLKSIZE-24))
             =CEIL(10187648/(8192-24))
             =1248
(88)PASSIO = CEIL(SORTBLKS*(MBDRC*MREADTIM/SREADTIM)/(MBDRC+1 )/(MBRC-1 ))*2 + CEIL(S0RTBLKS*(MBRC-1-MBDRC)/(MBDRC+1)/(MBRC-1))*2
           =CEIL(1248*(7*MREADTIM/SREADTIM)/(7+1 )/(8-1 ))*2 + CEIL(1248*(8-1-7)/(7+1)/(8-1))*2
           =676
(89)IOCOST[Sort in disk]= SORTBLKS + (PASSIO * MERGES)
                =1248+(676 * 1)
                =1924
 IOCOST[Outer]=IOCOST[Sort]+IOCOST[TABLE ACCESS    FULL]
             =1924+343
             =2267
--[Inner]
因為內部的表和外部的一樣,所以這裡省略計算方式,
IOCOST[Inter]=IOCOST[Outer]=2267

--MERGE JOIN
(69)JOINSEL= LEAST(COLSEL[Outer], COLSEL[Inner])
           = LEAST(1/86336, 1/86337)
           =1/86337
(70)CARD[Join] = CARD[Outer]*CARD[Inner]*JOINSEL
               =86336*86337*1/86337
               =86336
(91)IOCOST[SMJ]= IOCOST[Outer] + IOCOST[Inner]
               =2267+2267
               =4534
(73)CPUCOST = #CPUCYCLES /(CPUSPEED*SREADTIM)/1000
            =355023108/(3074.07407407407*12)/1000
            =9.62412039759037
COST=IOCOST+CPUCOST=IOCOST[SMJ]=CPUCOST=4534+9.62412039759037=4543.62412039759037=4544

--可以看到,結果與執行計劃基本相同
ROWS=CARD[Join]=86336
IOCOST[Outer]=2267
IOCOST[Inner]=2267
IOCOST[SMJ]=4534
CPUCOST = 9.62412039759037
COST=IOCOST[NLJ]+CPUCOST=4544

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ,連結:http://blog.itpub.net/28539951/viewspace-1668772/,如需轉載,請註明出處,否則將追究法律責任。

相關文章