1：在離線的環境中匯入映象
在無法訪問外網的情況下，透過將docker映象匯出為一個包，然後匯入到另外的一臺計算機上面，從而實現了不用訪問外網就能拉取映象了
#將映象輸出到這個tar包 [root@cleint ~]# docker save -o centos.tar centos #透過第三方的工具將這個tar包傳輸到其他機器上面，然後進行匯入 [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@cleint ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar docker-hello project qcy-centos [root@cleint ~]# docker load -i centos.tar Loaded image: centos:latest [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB #因此實現了不能訪問外網的情況下，拉取映象了
2：使用dockercommit命令基於容器構建映象
有一個容器做成了web頁面，所有的虛擬機器都想要這個web頁面的功能，直接基於這個提供web頁面的容器做成一個映象，然後虛擬機器直接基於這個web容器映象構建一個容器，從而提供了web頁面
#搭建一個提供web頁面的容器
[root@cleint ~]# docker run -tid --name 8080-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx /bin/bash
a9161cf2c12713f4ec492b2e9c32aa75d1c8556457db07f33689282adcaf4d9c
#進行訪問
[root@cleint ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
#基於這個容器做成一個映象
[root@cleint ~]# docker commit 8080-nginx web-nginx
sha256:c072b790098d75f0082adb87b0abc0d9757c4db74f1ce9018854cae7ae22dccf
[root@cleint ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
web-nginx latest c072b790098d 3 seconds ago 187MB
nginx latest 92b11f67642b 6 weeks ago 187MB
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB
[root@cleint ~]# docker run -tid --name q1 -p 7777:80 web-nginx /bin/bash
a66b1611c6cea9276f904f5fb410f632d325066939c72e221906e6607f0ef3b8
[root@cleint ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a66b1611c6ce web-nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:7777->80/tcp, :::7777->80/tcp q1
a9161cf2c127 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp 8080-nginx
#進入這個容器裡面，需要開啟這個容器的服務nginx
#進行訪問
[root@cleint ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:7777
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
#從而實現了基於這個已有的容器做成一個映象，然後再來生成一個容器，這個容器會保留之前所做的一些操作
3：使用第三方容器倉庫
使用第三方的倉庫，進行上傳映象，下載映象
這個非常的遍歷，就是使用這個倉庫的話，因為網路的容器倉庫有的屬於國外的，所以的話拉取映象的速度就比較的慢，需要自己的倉庫即可
操作步驟：
#登入第三方的容器倉庫 docker login uhub.service.ucloud.cn username 郵箱 password 密碼 #對於要推送的映象打上標籤，只有標籤是一致的，才能實現上傳 #格式為 uhub.service.ucloud.cn這個 docker tag centos:latest uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest #然後拉取映象，從映象倉庫裡面進行拉取 [root@cleint yum.repos.d]# docker pull uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest latest: Pulling from admins/centos Digest: sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc Status: Downloaded newer image for uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest #檢視容器映象倉庫 可以使用skopeo這個命令進行檢視遠端的容器倉庫
4：使用docker build命令基於dockerfile構建映象
案例：使用dockerfile來構建一個映象，然後裡面有nginx.repo源，然後進行訪問即可
#首先建立一個nginx.repo檔案 #建立一個dockerfile檔案 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# ls dockerfile nginx.repo [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# pwd /root/dockerfile-test [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# cat dockerfile FROM centos RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo COPY ./nginx.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ RUN yum clean all && yum makecache RUN yum -y install nginx RUN echo "Hello this is nginx server" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html EXPOSE 80 CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"] [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# cat nginx.repo [nginx] name=nginx baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 #然後使用dockerfile來建立一個映象 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker build -t centos-nginx . #建立一個容器 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker run -tid --name c1 -p 8080:80 centos-nginx 110106833b9569158312a08a32898da18af450d93ab135c080a23337486c06b1 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 110106833b95 centos-nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp c1 #訪問 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# curl 0.0.0.0:8080 Hello this is nginx server
5：當容器內部無法進行上網的操作
yum -y install autoconf yum -y install gcc wget http://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/bridge-utils/bridge-utils-1.6.tar.gz tar -xvf bridge-utils-1.6.tar.gz cd bridge-utils-1.6/ autoconf ./configure make make install systemctl stop docker ip link set dev docker0 down brctl delbr docker0 systemctl restart docker
6：建立一個自定義的橋接網路
網段為192.168.107.0/24 閘道器為192.168.107.254
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.107.0/24 --gateway 192.168.107.254 n1
8aec3d57d238b34eb6e0cb31b71775511bddfefebe8f87cb309150909c1fc646
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
d1ea2ab3dab8 bridge bridge local
5f3fcf22894d host host local
8aec3d57d238 n1 bridge local
b99add30e794 none null local
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker inspect n1
[
{
"Name": "n1",
"Id": "8aec3d57d238b34eb6e0cb31b71775511bddfefebe8f87cb309150909c1fc646",
"Created": "2024-04-23T20:06:37.31247228+08:00",
"Scope": "local",
"Driver": "bridge",
"EnableIPv6": false,
"IPAM": {
"Driver": "default",
"Options": {},
"Config": [
{
"Subnet": "192.168.107.0/24",
"Gateway": "192.168.107.254"
}
]
},
"Internal": false,
"Attachable": false,
"Ingress": false,
"ConfigFrom": {
"Network": ""
},
"ConfigOnly": false,
"Containers": {},
"Options": {},
"Labels": {}
}
]
#建立一個容器，連線到這個n1的橋接網路卡上面
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker run -tid --name q1 --network n1 centos /bin/bash
d098c15e25afd7d39a672f8193a658249016cfecd3e62f309cae4c7a317b94a9
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d098c15e25af centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds q1
110106833b95 centos-nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp c1
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker exec -ti q1 /bin/bash
[root@d098c15e25af /]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.42) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 183.2.172.42 (183.2.172.42): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=48.10 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.952/48.952/48.952/0.000 ms
#檢視容器的ip資訊
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker inspect q1 | grep -i address
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:6b:01",
"IPAddress": "192.168.107.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
7：建立一個卷，並讓一個容器掛載
[root@docker ~]# docker volume create v1
v1
[root@docker ~]# docker run -tid --name q1 -v v1:/opt/data centos /bin/bash
c57bce59a329cc750bc9c4b1ea4985fa16806d7610cfcfd16b9b547d0846d856
[root@docker ~]# docker volume inspect v1
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2024-04-25T09:09:43+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/v1/_data",
"Name": "v1",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]