PostgreSQL 原始碼解讀（32）- 查詢語句#17（查詢優化-表示式預處理#2）
本節簡單介紹了PG查詢優化表示式預處理中常量的簡化過程。表示式預處理主要的函式主要有preprocess_expression和preprocess_qual_conditions（呼叫preprocess_expression），在檔案src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c中。preprocess_expression呼叫了eval_const_expressions，該函式呼叫了mutator函式通過遍歷的方式對錶達式進行處理。
一、基本概念
PG原始碼對簡化表示式的註釋如下:
/*--------------------
* eval_const_expressions
*
* Reduce any recognizably constant subexpressions of the given
* expression tree, for example "2 + 2" => "4". More interestingly,
* we can reduce certain boolean expressions even when they contain
* non-constant subexpressions: "x OR true" => "true" no matter what
* the subexpression x is. (XXX We assume that no such subexpression
* will have important side-effects, which is not necessarily a good
* assumption in the presence of user-defined functions; do we need a
* pg_proc flag that prevents discarding the execution of a function?)
*
* We do understand that certain functions may deliver non-constant
* results even with constant inputs, "nextval()" being the classic
* example. Functions that are not marked "immutable" in pg_proc
* will not be pre-evaluated here, although we will reduce their
* arguments as far as possible.
*
* Whenever a function is eliminated from the expression by means of
* constant-expression evaluation or inlining, we add the function to
* root->glob->invalItems. This ensures the plan is known to depend on
* such functions, even though they aren't referenced anymore.
*
* We assume that the tree has already been type-checked and contains
* only operators and functions that are reasonable to try to execute.
*
* NOTE: "root" can be passed as NULL if the caller never wants to do any
* Param substitutions nor receive info about inlined functions.
*
* NOTE: the planner assumes that this will always flatten nested AND and
* OR clauses into N-argument form. See comments in prepqual.c.
*
* NOTE: another critical effect is that any function calls that require
* default arguments will be expanded, and named-argument calls will be
* converted to positional notation. The executor won't handle either.
*--------------------
*/
比如表示式1 + 2,直接求解得到3;x OR true,直接求解得到true而無需理會x的值,類似的x AND false直接求解得到false而無需理會x的值.
不過,這裡的簡化只是執行了基礎分析,並沒有做深入分析:
testdb=# explain verbose select max(a.dwbh::int+(1+2)) from t_dwxx a;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=13.20..13.21 rows=1 width=4)
Output: max(((dwbh)::integer + 3))
-> Seq Scan on public.t_dwxx a (cost=0.00..11.60 rows=160 width=38)
Output: dwmc, dwbh, dwdz
(4 rows)
testdb=# explain verbose select max(a.dwbh::int+1+2) from t_dwxx a;
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=13.60..13.61 rows=1 width=4)
Output: max((((dwbh)::integer + 1) + 2))
-> Seq Scan on public.t_dwxx a (cost=0.00..11.60 rows=160 width=38)
Output: dwmc, dwbh, dwdz
(4 rows)
見上測試指令碼,如(1+2),把括號去掉,a.dwbh先跟1運算,再跟2運算,沒有執行簡化.
二、原始碼解讀
主函式入口:
subquery_planner
/*--------------------
* subquery_planner
* Invokes the planner on a subquery. We recurse to here for each
* sub-SELECT found in the query tree.
*
* glob is the global state for the current planner run.
* parse is the querytree produced by the parser & rewriter.
* parent_root is the immediate parent Query's info (NULL at the top level).
* hasRecursion is true if this is a recursive WITH query.
* tuple_fraction is the fraction of tuples we expect will be retrieved.
* tuple_fraction is interpreted as explained for grouping_planner, below.
*
* Basically, this routine does the stuff that should only be done once
* per Query object. It then calls grouping_planner. At one time,
* grouping_planner could be invoked recursively on the same Query object;
* that's not currently true, but we keep the separation between the two
* routines anyway, in case we need it again someday.
*
* subquery_planner will be called recursively to handle sub-Query nodes
* found within the query's expressions and rangetable.
*
* Returns the PlannerInfo struct ("root") that contains all data generated
* while planning the subquery. In particular, the Path(s) attached to
* the (UPPERREL_FINAL, NULL) upperrel represent our conclusions about the
* cheapest way(s) to implement the query. The top level will select the
* best Path and pass it through createplan.c to produce a finished Plan.
*--------------------
*/
/*
輸入:
glob-PlannerGlobal
parse-Query結構體指標
parent_root-父PlannerInfo Root節點
hasRecursion-是否遞迴?
tuple_fraction-掃描Tuple比例
輸出:
PlannerInfo指標
*/
PlannerInfo *
subquery_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse,
PlannerInfo *parent_root,
bool hasRecursion, double tuple_fraction)
{
PlannerInfo *root;//返回值
List *newWithCheckOptions;//
List *newHaving;//Having子句
bool hasOuterJoins;//是否存在Outer Join?
RelOptInfo *final_rel;//
ListCell *l;//臨時變數
/* Create a PlannerInfo data structure for this subquery */
root = makeNode(PlannerInfo);//構造返回值
root->parse = parse;
root->glob = glob;
root->query_level = parent_root ? parent_root->query_level + 1 : 1;
root->parent_root = parent_root;
root->plan_params = NIL;
root->outer_params = NULL;
root->planner_cxt = CurrentMemoryContext;
root->init_plans = NIL;
root->cte_plan_ids = NIL;
root->multiexpr_params = NIL;
root->eq_classes = NIL;
root->append_rel_list = NIL;
root->rowMarks = NIL;
memset(root->upper_rels, 0, sizeof(root->upper_rels));
memset(root->upper_targets, 0, sizeof(root->upper_targets));
root->processed_tlist = NIL;
root->grouping_map = NULL;
root->minmax_aggs = NIL;
root->qual_security_level = 0;
root->inhTargetKind = INHKIND_NONE;
root->hasRecursion = hasRecursion;
if (hasRecursion)
root->wt_param_id = SS_assign_special_param(root);
else
root->wt_param_id = -1;
root->non_recursive_path = NULL;
root->partColsUpdated = false;
/*
* If there is a WITH list, process each WITH query and build an initplan
* SubPlan structure for it.
*/
if (parse->cteList)
SS_process_ctes(root);//處理With 語句
/*
* Look for ANY and EXISTS SubLinks in WHERE and JOIN/ON clauses, and try
* to transform them into joins. Note that this step does not descend
* into subqueries; if we pull up any subqueries below, their SubLinks are
* processed just before pulling them up.
*/
if (parse->hasSubLinks)
pull_up_sublinks(root); //上拉子連結
/*
* Scan the rangetable for set-returning functions, and inline them if
* possible (producing subqueries that might get pulled up next).
* Recursion issues here are handled in the same way as for SubLinks.
*/
inline_set_returning_functions(root);//
/*
* Check to see if any subqueries in the jointree can be merged into this
* query.
*/
pull_up_subqueries(root);//上拉子查詢
/*
* If this is a simple UNION ALL query, flatten it into an appendrel. We
* do this now because it requires applying pull_up_subqueries to the leaf
* queries of the UNION ALL, which weren't touched above because they
* weren't referenced by the jointree (they will be after we do this).
*/
if (parse->setOperations)
flatten_simple_union_all(root);//扁平化處理UNION ALL
/*
* Detect whether any rangetable entries are RTE_JOIN kind; if not, we can
* avoid the expense of doing flatten_join_alias_vars(). Also check for
* outer joins --- if none, we can skip reduce_outer_joins(). And check
* for LATERAL RTEs, too. This must be done after we have done
* pull_up_subqueries(), of course.
*/
//判斷RTE中是否存在RTE_JOIN?
root->hasJoinRTEs = false;
root->hasLateralRTEs = false;
hasOuterJoins = false;
foreach(l, parse->rtable)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = lfirst_node(RangeTblEntry, l);
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_JOIN)
{
root->hasJoinRTEs = true;
if (IS_OUTER_JOIN(rte->jointype))
hasOuterJoins = true;
}
if (rte->lateral)
root->hasLateralRTEs = true;
}
/*
* Preprocess RowMark information. We need to do this after subquery
* pullup (so that all non-inherited RTEs are present) and before
* inheritance expansion (so that the info is available for
* expand_inherited_tables to examine and modify).
*/
//預處理RowMark資訊
preprocess_rowmarks(root);
/*
* Expand any rangetable entries that are inheritance sets into "append
* relations". This can add entries to the rangetable, but they must be
* plain base relations not joins, so it's OK (and marginally more
* efficient) to do it after checking for join RTEs. We must do it after
* pulling up subqueries, else we'd fail to handle inherited tables in
* subqueries.
*/
//展開繼承表
expand_inherited_tables(root);
/*
* Set hasHavingQual to remember if HAVING clause is present. Needed
* because preprocess_expression will reduce a constant-true condition to
* an empty qual list ... but "HAVING TRUE" is not a semantic no-op.
*/
//是否存在Having表示式
root->hasHavingQual = (parse->havingQual != NULL);
/* Clear this flag; might get set in distribute_qual_to_rels */
root->hasPseudoConstantQuals = false;
/*
* Do expression preprocessing on targetlist and quals, as well as other
* random expressions in the querytree. Note that we do not need to
* handle sort/group expressions explicitly, because they are actually
* part of the targetlist.
*/
//預處理表示式:targetList(投影列)
parse->targetList = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) parse->targetList,
EXPRKIND_TARGET);
/* Constant-folding might have removed all set-returning functions */
if (parse->hasTargetSRFs)
parse->hasTargetSRFs = expression_returns_set((Node *) parse->targetList);
newWithCheckOptions = NIL;
foreach(l, parse->withCheckOptions)//witch Check Options
{
WithCheckOption *wco = lfirst_node(WithCheckOption, l);
wco->qual = preprocess_expression(root, wco->qual,
EXPRKIND_QUAL);
if (wco->qual != NULL)
newWithCheckOptions = lappend(newWithCheckOptions, wco);
}
parse->withCheckOptions = newWithCheckOptions;
//返回列資訊returningList
parse->returningList = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) parse->returningList,
EXPRKIND_TARGET);
//預處理條件表示式
preprocess_qual_conditions(root, (Node *) parse->jointree);
//預處理Having表示式
parse->havingQual = preprocess_expression(root, parse->havingQual,
EXPRKIND_QUAL);
//視窗函式
foreach(l, parse->windowClause)
{
WindowClause *wc = lfirst_node(WindowClause, l);
/* partitionClause/orderClause are sort/group expressions */
wc->startOffset = preprocess_expression(root, wc->startOffset,
EXPRKIND_LIMIT);
wc->endOffset = preprocess_expression(root, wc->endOffset,
EXPRKIND_LIMIT);
}
//Limit子句
parse->limitOffset = preprocess_expression(root, parse->limitOffset,
EXPRKIND_LIMIT);
parse->limitCount = preprocess_expression(root, parse->limitCount,
EXPRKIND_LIMIT);
//On Conflict子句
if (parse->onConflict)
{
parse->onConflict->arbiterElems = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root,
(Node *) parse->onConflict->arbiterElems,
EXPRKIND_ARBITER_ELEM);
parse->onConflict->arbiterWhere =
preprocess_expression(root,
parse->onConflict->arbiterWhere,
EXPRKIND_QUAL);
parse->onConflict->onConflictSet = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root,
(Node *) parse->onConflict->onConflictSet,
EXPRKIND_TARGET);
parse->onConflict->onConflictWhere =
preprocess_expression(root,
parse->onConflict->onConflictWhere,
EXPRKIND_QUAL);
/* exclRelTlist contains only Vars, so no preprocessing needed */
}
//集合操作(AppendRelInfo)
root->append_rel_list = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) root->append_rel_list,
EXPRKIND_APPINFO);
//RTE
/* Also need to preprocess expressions within RTEs */
foreach(l, parse->rtable)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = lfirst_node(RangeTblEntry, l);
int kind;
ListCell *lcsq;
if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
{
if (rte->tablesample)
rte->tablesample = (TableSampleClause *)
preprocess_expression(root,
(Node *) rte->tablesample,
EXPRKIND_TABLESAMPLE);//資料表取樣語句
}
else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)//子查詢
{
/*
* We don't want to do all preprocessing yet on the subquery's
* expressions, since that will happen when we plan it. But if it
* contains any join aliases of our level, those have to get
* expanded now, because planning of the subquery won't do it.
* That's only possible if the subquery is LATERAL.
*/
if (rte->lateral && root->hasJoinRTEs)
rte->subquery = (Query *)
flatten_join_alias_vars(root, (Node *) rte->subquery);
}
else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_FUNCTION)//函式
{
/* Preprocess the function expression(s) fully */
kind = rte->lateral ? EXPRKIND_RTFUNC_LATERAL : EXPRKIND_RTFUNC;
rte->functions = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) rte->functions, kind);
}
else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_TABLEFUNC)//TABLE FUNC
{
/* Preprocess the function expression(s) fully */
kind = rte->lateral ? EXPRKIND_TABLEFUNC_LATERAL : EXPRKIND_TABLEFUNC;
rte->tablefunc = (TableFunc *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) rte->tablefunc, kind);
}
else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_VALUES)//VALUES子句
{
/* Preprocess the values lists fully */
kind = rte->lateral ? EXPRKIND_VALUES_LATERAL : EXPRKIND_VALUES;
rte->values_lists = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) rte->values_lists, kind);
}
/*
* Process each element of the securityQuals list as if it were a
* separate qual expression (as indeed it is). We need to do it this
* way to get proper canonicalization of AND/OR structure. Note that
* this converts each element into an implicit-AND sublist.
*/
foreach(lcsq, rte->securityQuals)
{
lfirst(lcsq) = preprocess_expression(root,
(Node *) lfirst(lcsq),
EXPRKIND_QUAL);
}
}
...//其他
return root;
}
preprocess_expression
/*
* preprocess_expression
* Do subquery_planner's preprocessing work for an expression,
* which can be a targetlist, a WHERE clause (including JOIN/ON
* conditions), a HAVING clause, or a few other things.
*/
static Node *
preprocess_expression(PlannerInfo *root, Node *expr, int kind)
{
/*
* Fall out quickly if expression is empty. This occurs often enough to
* be worth checking. Note that null->null is the correct conversion for
* implicit-AND result format, too.
*/
if (expr == NULL)
return NULL;
/*
* If the query has any join RTEs, replace join alias variables with
* base-relation variables. We must do this first, since any expressions
* we may extract from the joinaliasvars lists have not been preprocessed.
* For example, if we did this after sublink processing, sublinks expanded
* out from join aliases would not get processed. But we can skip this in
* non-lateral RTE functions, VALUES lists, and TABLESAMPLE clauses, since
* they can't contain any Vars of the current query level.
*/
if (root->hasJoinRTEs &&
!(kind == EXPRKIND_RTFUNC ||
kind == EXPRKIND_VALUES ||
kind == EXPRKIND_TABLESAMPLE ||
kind == EXPRKIND_TABLEFUNC))
expr = flatten_join_alias_vars(root, expr);//扁平化處理joinaliasvars,上節已介紹
/*
* Simplify constant expressions.
*
* Note: an essential effect of this is to convert named-argument function
* calls to positional notation and insert the current actual values of
* any default arguments for functions. To ensure that happens, we *must*
* process all expressions here. Previous PG versions sometimes skipped
* const-simplification if it didn't seem worth the trouble, but we can't
* do that anymore.
*
* Note: this also flattens nested AND and OR expressions into N-argument
* form. All processing of a qual expression after this point must be
* careful to maintain AND/OR flatness --- that is, do not generate a tree
* with AND directly under AND, nor OR directly under OR.
*/
expr = eval_const_expressions(root, expr);//簡化常量表示式
/*
* If it's a qual or havingQual, canonicalize it.
*/
if (kind == EXPRKIND_QUAL)
{
expr = (Node *) canonicalize_qual((Expr *) expr, false);//表示式規約,下節介紹
#ifdef OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
printf("After canonicalize_qual()\n");
pprint(expr);
#endif
}
/* Expand SubLinks to SubPlans */
if (root->parse->hasSubLinks)//擴充套件子連結為子計劃
expr = SS_process_sublinks(root, expr, (kind == EXPRKIND_QUAL));
/*
* XXX do not insert anything here unless you have grokked the comments in
* SS_replace_correlation_vars ...
*/
/* Replace uplevel vars with Param nodes (this IS possible in VALUES) */
if (root->query_level > 1)
expr = SS_replace_correlation_vars(root, expr);//使用Param節點替換上層的Vars
/*
* If it's a qual or havingQual, convert it to implicit-AND format. (We
* don't want to do this before eval_const_expressions, since the latter
* would be unable to simplify a top-level AND correctly. Also,
* SS_process_sublinks expects explicit-AND format.)
*/
if (kind == EXPRKIND_QUAL)
expr = (Node *) make_ands_implicit((Expr *) expr);
return expr;
}
preprocess_qual_conditions
/*
* preprocess_qual_conditions
* Recursively scan the query's jointree and do subquery_planner's
* preprocessing work on each qual condition found therein.
*/
static void
preprocess_qual_conditions(PlannerInfo *root, Node *jtnode)
{
if (jtnode == NULL)
return;
if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
{
/* nothing to do here */
}
else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
{
FromExpr *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, f->fromlist)
preprocess_qual_conditions(root, lfirst(l));//遞迴呼叫
f->quals = preprocess_expression(root, f->quals, EXPRKIND_QUAL);
}
else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
{
JoinExpr *j = (JoinExpr *) jtnode;
preprocess_qual_conditions(root, j->larg);//遞迴呼叫
preprocess_qual_conditions(root, j->rarg);//遞迴呼叫
j->quals = preprocess_expression(root, j->quals, EXPRKIND_QUAL);
}
else
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
(int) nodeTag(jtnode));
}
eval_const_expressions
Node *
eval_const_expressions(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node)
{
eval_const_expressions_context context;
if (root)
context.boundParams = root->glob->boundParams; /* bound Params */
else
context.boundParams = NULL;
context.root = root; /* for inlined-function dependencies */
context.active_fns = NIL; /* nothing being recursively simplified */
context.case_val = NULL; /* no CASE being examined */
context.estimate = false; /* safe transformations only */
//呼叫XX_mutator函式遍歷處理
return eval_const_expressions_mutator(node, &context);
}
eval_const_expressions_mutator
/*
* Recursive guts of eval_const_expressions/estimate_expression_value
*/
static Node *
eval_const_expressions_mutator(Node *node,
eval_const_expressions_context *context)
{
if (node == NULL)
return NULL;
switch (nodeTag(node))
{
case T_Param:
{
Param *param = (Param *) node;
ParamListInfo paramLI = context->boundParams;
/* Look to see if we've been given a value for this Param */
if (param->paramkind == PARAM_EXTERN &&
paramLI != NULL &&
param->paramid > 0 &&
param->paramid <= paramLI->numParams)
{
ParamExternData *prm;
ParamExternData prmdata;
/*
* Give hook a chance in case parameter is dynamic. Tell
* it that this fetch is speculative, so it should avoid
* erroring out if parameter is unavailable.
*/
if (paramLI->paramFetch != NULL)
prm = paramLI->paramFetch(paramLI, param->paramid,
true, &prmdata);
else
prm = ¶mLI->params[param->paramid - 1];
/*
* We don't just check OidIsValid, but insist that the
* fetched type match the Param, just in case the hook did
* something unexpected. No need to throw an error here
* though; leave that for runtime.
*/
if (OidIsValid(prm->ptype) &&
prm->ptype == param->paramtype)
{
/* OK to substitute parameter value? */
if (context->estimate ||
(prm->pflags & PARAM_FLAG_CONST))
{
/*
* Return a Const representing the param value.
* Must copy pass-by-ref datatypes, since the
* Param might be in a memory context
* shorter-lived than our output plan should be.
*/
int16 typLen;
bool typByVal;
Datum pval;
get_typlenbyval(param->paramtype,
&typLen, &typByVal);
if (prm->isnull || typByVal)
pval = prm->value;
else
pval = datumCopy(prm->value, typByVal, typLen);
return (Node *) makeConst(param->paramtype,
param->paramtypmod,
param->paramcollid,
(int) typLen,
pval,
prm->isnull,
typByVal);
}
}
}
/*
* Not replaceable, so just copy the Param (no need to
* recurse)
*/
return (Node *) copyObject(param);
}
case T_WindowFunc:
{
WindowFunc *expr = (WindowFunc *) node;
Oid funcid = expr->winfnoid;
List *args;
Expr *aggfilter;
HeapTuple func_tuple;
WindowFunc *newexpr;
/*
* We can't really simplify a WindowFunc node, but we mustn't
* just fall through to the default processing, because we
* have to apply expand_function_arguments to its argument
* list. That takes care of inserting default arguments and
* expanding named-argument notation.
*/
func_tuple = SearchSysCache1(PROCOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(func_tuple))
elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
args = expand_function_arguments(expr->args, expr->wintype,
func_tuple);
ReleaseSysCache(func_tuple);
/* Now, recursively simplify the args (which are a List) */
args = (List *)
expression_tree_mutator((Node *) args,
eval_const_expressions_mutator,
(void *) context);
/* ... and the filter expression, which isn't */
aggfilter = (Expr *)
eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) expr->aggfilter,
context);
/* And build the replacement WindowFunc node */
newexpr = makeNode(WindowFunc);
newexpr->winfnoid = expr->winfnoid;
newexpr->wintype = expr->wintype;
newexpr->wincollid = expr->wincollid;
newexpr->inputcollid = expr->inputcollid;
newexpr->args = args;
newexpr->aggfilter = aggfilter;
newexpr->winref = expr->winref;
newexpr->winstar = expr->winstar;
newexpr->winagg = expr->winagg;
newexpr->location = expr->location;
return (Node *) newexpr;
}
case T_FuncExpr:
{
FuncExpr *expr = (FuncExpr *) node;
List *args = expr->args;
Expr *simple;
FuncExpr *newexpr;
/*
* Code for op/func reduction is pretty bulky, so split it out
* as a separate function. Note: exprTypmod normally returns
* -1 for a FuncExpr, but not when the node is recognizably a
* length coercion; we want to preserve the typmod in the
* eventual Const if so.
*/
simple = simplify_function(expr->funcid,
expr->funcresulttype,
exprTypmod(node),
expr->funccollid,
expr->inputcollid,
&args,
expr->funcvariadic,
true,
true,
context);
if (simple) /* successfully simplified it */
return (Node *) simple;
/*
* The expression cannot be simplified any further, so build
* and return a replacement FuncExpr node using the
* possibly-simplified arguments. Note that we have also
* converted the argument list to positional notation.
*/
newexpr = makeNode(FuncExpr);
newexpr->funcid = expr->funcid;
newexpr->funcresulttype = expr->funcresulttype;
newexpr->funcretset = expr->funcretset;
newexpr->funcvariadic = expr->funcvariadic;
newexpr->funcformat = expr->funcformat;
newexpr->funccollid = expr->funccollid;
newexpr->inputcollid = expr->inputcollid;
newexpr->args = args;
newexpr->location = expr->location;
return (Node *) newexpr;
}
case T_OpExpr://操作(運算)表示式
{
OpExpr *expr = (OpExpr *) node;
List *args = expr->args;
Expr *simple;
OpExpr *newexpr;
/*
* Need to get OID of underlying function. Okay to scribble
* on input to this extent.
*/
set_opfuncid(expr);
/*
* Code for op/func reduction is pretty bulky, so split it out
* as a separate function.
*/
simple = simplify_function(expr->opfuncid,
expr->opresulttype, -1,
expr->opcollid,
expr->inputcollid,
&args,
false,
true,
true,
context);
if (simple) /* successfully simplified it */
return (Node *) simple;
/*
* If the operator is boolean equality or inequality, we know
* how to simplify cases involving one constant and one
* non-constant argument.
*/
if (expr->opno == BooleanEqualOperator ||
expr->opno == BooleanNotEqualOperator)
{
simple = (Expr *) simplify_boolean_equality(expr->opno,
args);
if (simple) /* successfully simplified it */
return (Node *) simple;
}
/*
* The expression cannot be simplified any further, so build
* and return a replacement OpExpr node using the
* possibly-simplified arguments.
*/
newexpr = makeNode(OpExpr);
newexpr->opno = expr->opno;
newexpr->opfuncid = expr->opfuncid;
newexpr->opresulttype = expr->opresulttype;
newexpr->opretset = expr->opretset;
newexpr->opcollid = expr->opcollid;
newexpr->inputcollid = expr->inputcollid;
newexpr->args = args;
newexpr->location = expr->location;
return (Node *) newexpr;
}
case T_DistinctExpr:
{
DistinctExpr *expr = (DistinctExpr *) node;
List *args;
ListCell *arg;
bool has_null_input = false;
bool all_null_input = true;
bool has_nonconst_input = false;
Expr *simple;
DistinctExpr *newexpr;
/*
* Reduce constants in the DistinctExpr's arguments. We know
* args is either NIL or a List node, so we can call
* expression_tree_mutator directly rather than recursing to
* self.
*/
args = (List *) expression_tree_mutator((Node *) expr->args,
eval_const_expressions_mutator,
(void *) context);
/*
* We must do our own check for NULLs because DistinctExpr has
* different results for NULL input than the underlying
* operator does.
*/
foreach(arg, args)
{
if (IsA(lfirst(arg), Const))
{
has_null_input |= ((Const *) lfirst(arg))->constisnull;
all_null_input &= ((Const *) lfirst(arg))->constisnull;
}
else
has_nonconst_input = true;
}
/* all constants? then can optimize this out */
if (!has_nonconst_input)
{
/* all nulls? then not distinct */
if (all_null_input)
return makeBoolConst(false, false);
/* one null? then distinct */
if (has_null_input)
return makeBoolConst(true, false);
/* otherwise try to evaluate the '=' operator */
/* (NOT okay to try to inline it, though!) */
/*
* Need to get OID of underlying function. Okay to
* scribble on input to this extent.
*/
set_opfuncid((OpExpr *) expr); /* rely on struct
* equivalence */
/*
* Code for op/func reduction is pretty bulky, so split it
* out as a separate function.
*/
simple = simplify_function(expr->opfuncid,
expr->opresulttype, -1,
expr->opcollid,
expr->inputcollid,
&args,
false,
false,
false,
context);
if (simple) /* successfully simplified it */
{
/*
* Since the underlying operator is "=", must negate
* its result
*/
Const *csimple = castNode(Const, simple);
csimple->constvalue =
BoolGetDatum(!DatumGetBool(csimple->constvalue));
return (Node *) csimple;
}
}
/*
* The expression cannot be simplified any further, so build
* and return a replacement DistinctExpr node using the
* possibly-simplified arguments.
*/
newexpr = makeNode(DistinctExpr);
newexpr->opno = expr->opno;
newexpr->opfuncid = expr->opfuncid;
newexpr->opresulttype = expr->opresulttype;
newexpr->opretset = expr->opretset;
newexpr->opcollid = expr->opcollid;
newexpr->inputcollid = expr->inputcollid;
newexpr->args = args;
newexpr->location = expr->location;
return (Node *) newexpr;
}
case T_ScalarArrayOpExpr:
{
ScalarArrayOpExpr *saop;
/* Copy the node and const-simplify its arguments */
saop = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) ece_generic_processing(node);
/* Make sure we know underlying function */
set_sa_opfuncid(saop);
/*
* If all arguments are Consts, and it's a safe function, we
* can fold to a constant
*/
if (ece_all_arguments_const(saop) &&
ece_function_is_safe(saop->opfuncid, context))
return ece_evaluate_expr(saop);
return (Node *) saop;
}
case T_BoolExpr:
{
BoolExpr *expr = (BoolExpr *) node;
switch (expr->boolop)
{
case OR_EXPR:
{
List *newargs;
bool haveNull = false;
bool forceTrue = false;
newargs = simplify_or_arguments(expr->args,
context,
&haveNull,
&forceTrue);
if (forceTrue)
return makeBoolConst(true, false);
if (haveNull)
newargs = lappend(newargs,
makeBoolConst(false, true));
/* If all the inputs are FALSE, result is FALSE */
if (newargs == NIL)
return makeBoolConst(false, false);
/*
* If only one nonconst-or-NULL input, it's the
* result
*/
if (list_length(newargs) == 1)
return (Node *) linitial(newargs);
/* Else we still need an OR node */
return (Node *) make_orclause(newargs);
}
case AND_EXPR:
{
List *newargs;
bool haveNull = false;
bool forceFalse = false;
newargs = simplify_and_arguments(expr->args,
context,
&haveNull,
&forceFalse);
if (forceFalse)
return makeBoolConst(false, false);
if (haveNull)
newargs = lappend(newargs,
makeBoolConst(false, true));
/* If all the inputs are TRUE, result is TRUE */
if (newargs == NIL)
return makeBoolConst(true, false);
/*
* If only one nonconst-or-NULL input, it's the
* result
*/
if (list_length(newargs) == 1)
return (Node *) linitial(newargs);
/* Else we still need an AND node */
return (Node *) make_andclause(newargs);
}
case NOT_EXPR:
{
Node *arg;
Assert(list_length(expr->args) == 1);
arg = eval_const_expressions_mutator(linitial(expr->args),
context);
/*
* Use negate_clause() to see if we can simplify
* away the NOT.
*/
return negate_clause(arg);
}
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized boolop: %d",
(int) expr->boolop);
break;
}
break;
}
case T_SubPlan:
case T_AlternativeSubPlan:
/*
* Return a SubPlan unchanged --- too late to do anything with it.
*
* XXX should we ereport() here instead? Probably this routine
* should never be invoked after SubPlan creation.
*/
return node;
case T_RelabelType:
{
/*
* If we can simplify the input to a constant, then we don't
* need the RelabelType node anymore: just change the type
* field of the Const node. Otherwise, must copy the
* RelabelType node.
*/
RelabelType *relabel = (RelabelType *) node;
Node *arg;
arg = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) relabel->arg,
context);
/*
* If we find stacked RelabelTypes (eg, from foo :: int ::
* oid) we can discard all but the top one.
*/
while (arg && IsA(arg, RelabelType))
arg = (Node *) ((RelabelType *) arg)->arg;
if (arg && IsA(arg, Const))
{
Const *con = (Const *) arg;
con->consttype = relabel->resulttype;
con->consttypmod = relabel->resulttypmod;
con->constcollid = relabel->resultcollid;
return (Node *) con;
}
else
{
RelabelType *newrelabel = makeNode(RelabelType);
newrelabel->arg = (Expr *) arg;
newrelabel->resulttype = relabel->resulttype;
newrelabel->resulttypmod = relabel->resulttypmod;
newrelabel->resultcollid = relabel->resultcollid;
newrelabel->relabelformat = relabel->relabelformat;
newrelabel->location = relabel->location;
return (Node *) newrelabel;
}
}
case T_CoerceViaIO:
{
CoerceViaIO *expr = (CoerceViaIO *) node;
List *args;
Oid outfunc;
bool outtypisvarlena;
Oid infunc;
Oid intypioparam;
Expr *simple;
CoerceViaIO *newexpr;
/* Make a List so we can use simplify_function */
args = list_make1(expr->arg);
/*
* CoerceViaIO represents calling the source type's output
* function then the result type's input function. So, try to
* simplify it as though it were a stack of two such function
* calls. First we need to know what the functions are.
*
* Note that the coercion functions are assumed not to care
* about input collation, so we just pass InvalidOid for that.
*/
getTypeOutputInfo(exprType((Node *) expr->arg),
&outfunc, &outtypisvarlena);
getTypeInputInfo(expr->resulttype,
&infunc, &intypioparam);
simple = simplify_function(outfunc,
CSTRINGOID, -1,
InvalidOid,
InvalidOid,
&args,
false,
true,
true,
context);
if (simple) /* successfully simplified output fn */
{
/*
* Input functions may want 1 to 3 arguments. We always
* supply all three, trusting that nothing downstream will
* complain.
*/
args = list_make3(simple,
makeConst(OIDOID,
-1,
InvalidOid,
sizeof(Oid),
ObjectIdGetDatum(intypioparam),
false,
true),
makeConst(INT4OID,
-1,
InvalidOid,
sizeof(int32),
Int32GetDatum(-1),
false,
true));
simple = simplify_function(infunc,
expr->resulttype, -1,
expr->resultcollid,
InvalidOid,
&args,
false,
false,
true,
context);
if (simple) /* successfully simplified input fn */
return (Node *) simple;
}
/*
* The expression cannot be simplified any further, so build
* and return a replacement CoerceViaIO node using the
* possibly-simplified argument.
*/
newexpr = makeNode(CoerceViaIO);
newexpr->arg = (Expr *) linitial(args);
newexpr->resulttype = expr->resulttype;
newexpr->resultcollid = expr->resultcollid;
newexpr->coerceformat = expr->coerceformat;
newexpr->location = expr->location;
return (Node *) newexpr;
}
case T_ArrayCoerceExpr:
{
ArrayCoerceExpr *ac;
/* Copy the node and const-simplify its arguments */
ac = (ArrayCoerceExpr *) ece_generic_processing(node);
/*
* If constant argument and the per-element expression is
* immutable, we can simplify the whole thing to a constant.
* Exception: although contain_mutable_functions considers
* CoerceToDomain immutable for historical reasons, let's not
* do so here; this ensures coercion to an array-over-domain
* does not apply the domain's constraints until runtime.
*/
if (ac->arg && IsA(ac->arg, Const) &&
ac->elemexpr && !IsA(ac->elemexpr, CoerceToDomain) &&
!contain_mutable_functions((Node *) ac->elemexpr))
return ece_evaluate_expr(ac);
return (Node *) ac;
}
case T_CollateExpr:
{
/*
* If we can simplify the input to a constant, then we don't
* need the CollateExpr node at all: just change the
* constcollid field of the Const node. Otherwise, replace
* the CollateExpr with a RelabelType. (We do that so as to
* improve uniformity of expression representation and thus
* simplify comparison of expressions.)
*/
CollateExpr *collate = (CollateExpr *) node;
Node *arg;
arg = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) collate->arg,
context);
if (arg && IsA(arg, Const))
{
Const *con = (Const *) arg;
con->constcollid = collate->collOid;
return (Node *) con;
}
else if (collate->collOid == exprCollation(arg))
{
/* Don't need a RelabelType either... */
return arg;
}
else
{
RelabelType *relabel = makeNode(RelabelType);
relabel->resulttype = exprType(arg);
relabel->resulttypmod = exprTypmod(arg);
relabel->resultcollid = collate->collOid;
relabel->relabelformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
relabel->location = collate->location;
/* Don't create stacked RelabelTypes */
while (arg && IsA(arg, RelabelType))
arg = (Node *) ((RelabelType *) arg)->arg;
relabel->arg = (Expr *) arg;
return (Node *) relabel;
}
}
case T_CaseExpr:
{
/*----------
* CASE expressions can be simplified if there are constant
* condition clauses:
* FALSE (or NULL): drop the alternative
* TRUE: drop all remaining alternatives
* If the first non-FALSE alternative is a constant TRUE,
* we can simplify the entire CASE to that alternative's
* expression. If there are no non-FALSE alternatives,
* we simplify the entire CASE to the default result (ELSE).
*
* If we have a simple-form CASE with constant test
* expression, we substitute the constant value for contained
* CaseTestExpr placeholder nodes, so that we have the
* opportunity to reduce constant test conditions. For
* example this allows
* CASE 0 WHEN 0 THEN 1 ELSE 1/0 END
* to reduce to 1 rather than drawing a divide-by-0 error.
* Note that when the test expression is constant, we don't
* have to include it in the resulting CASE; for example
* CASE 0 WHEN x THEN y ELSE z END
* is transformed by the parser to
* CASE 0 WHEN CaseTestExpr = x THEN y ELSE z END
* which we can simplify to
* CASE WHEN 0 = x THEN y ELSE z END
* It is not necessary for the executor to evaluate the "arg"
* expression when executing the CASE, since any contained
* CaseTestExprs that might have referred to it will have been
* replaced by the constant.
*----------
*/
CaseExpr *caseexpr = (CaseExpr *) node;
CaseExpr *newcase;
Node *save_case_val;
Node *newarg;
List *newargs;
bool const_true_cond;
Node *defresult = NULL;
ListCell *arg;
/* Simplify the test expression, if any */
newarg = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) caseexpr->arg,
context);
/* Set up for contained CaseTestExpr nodes */
save_case_val = context->case_val;
if (newarg && IsA(newarg, Const))
{
context->case_val = newarg;
newarg = NULL; /* not needed anymore, see above */
}
else
context->case_val = NULL;
/* Simplify the WHEN clauses */
newargs = NIL;
const_true_cond = false;
foreach(arg, caseexpr->args)
{
CaseWhen *oldcasewhen = lfirst_node(CaseWhen, arg);
Node *casecond;
Node *caseresult;
/* Simplify this alternative's test condition */
casecond = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) oldcasewhen->expr,
context);
/*
* If the test condition is constant FALSE (or NULL), then
* drop this WHEN clause completely, without processing
* the result.
*/
if (casecond && IsA(casecond, Const))
{
Const *const_input = (Const *) casecond;
if (const_input->constisnull ||
!DatumGetBool(const_input->constvalue))
continue; /* drop alternative with FALSE cond */
/* Else it's constant TRUE */
const_true_cond = true;
}
/* Simplify this alternative's result value */
caseresult = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) oldcasewhen->result,
context);
/* If non-constant test condition, emit a new WHEN node */
if (!const_true_cond)
{
CaseWhen *newcasewhen = makeNode(CaseWhen);
newcasewhen->expr = (Expr *) casecond;
newcasewhen->result = (Expr *) caseresult;
newcasewhen->location = oldcasewhen->location;
newargs = lappend(newargs, newcasewhen);
continue;
}
/*
* Found a TRUE condition, so none of the remaining
* alternatives can be reached. We treat the result as
* the default result.
*/
defresult = caseresult;
break;
}
/* Simplify the default result, unless we replaced it above */
if (!const_true_cond)
defresult = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) caseexpr->defresult,
context);
context->case_val = save_case_val;
/*
* If no non-FALSE alternatives, CASE reduces to the default
* result
*/
if (newargs == NIL)
return defresult;
/* Otherwise we need a new CASE node */
newcase = makeNode(CaseExpr);
newcase->casetype = caseexpr->casetype;
newcase->casecollid = caseexpr->casecollid;
newcase->arg = (Expr *) newarg;
newcase->args = newargs;
newcase->defresult = (Expr *) defresult;
newcase->location = caseexpr->location;
return (Node *) newcase;
}
case T_CaseTestExpr:
{
/*
* If we know a constant test value for the current CASE
* construct, substitute it for the placeholder. Else just
* return the placeholder as-is.
*/
if (context->case_val)
return copyObject(context->case_val);
else
return copyObject(node);
}
case T_ArrayRef:
case T_ArrayExpr:
case T_RowExpr:
{
/*
* Generic handling for node types whose own processing is
* known to be immutable, and for which we need no smarts
* beyond "simplify if all inputs are constants".
*/
/* Copy the node and const-simplify its arguments */
node = ece_generic_processing(node);
/* If all arguments are Consts, we can fold to a constant */
if (ece_all_arguments_const(node))
return ece_evaluate_expr(node);
return node;
}
case T_CoalesceExpr:
{
CoalesceExpr *coalesceexpr = (CoalesceExpr *) node;
CoalesceExpr *newcoalesce;
List *newargs;
ListCell *arg;
newargs = NIL;
foreach(arg, coalesceexpr->args)
{
Node *e;
e = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) lfirst(arg),
context);
/*
* We can remove null constants from the list. For a
* non-null constant, if it has not been preceded by any
* other non-null-constant expressions then it is the
* result. Otherwise, it's the next argument, but we can
* drop following arguments since they will never be
* reached.
*/
if (IsA(e, Const))
{
if (((Const *) e)->constisnull)
continue; /* drop null constant */
if (newargs == NIL)
return e; /* first expr */
newargs = lappend(newargs, e);
break;
}
newargs = lappend(newargs, e);
}
/*
* If all the arguments were constant null, the result is just
* null
*/
if (newargs == NIL)
return (Node *) makeNullConst(coalesceexpr->coalescetype,
-1,
coalesceexpr->coalescecollid);
newcoalesce = makeNode(CoalesceExpr);
newcoalesce->coalescetype = coalesceexpr->coalescetype;
newcoalesce->coalescecollid = coalesceexpr->coalescecollid;
newcoalesce->args = newargs;
newcoalesce->location = coalesceexpr->location;
return (Node *) newcoalesce;
}
case T_SQLValueFunction:
{
/*
* All variants of SQLValueFunction are stable, so if we are
* estimating the expression's value, we should evaluate the
* current function value. Otherwise just copy.
*/
SQLValueFunction *svf = (SQLValueFunction *) node;
if (context->estimate)
return (Node *) evaluate_expr((Expr *) svf,
svf->type,
svf->typmod,
InvalidOid);
else
return copyObject((Node *) svf);
}
case T_FieldSelect:
{
/*
* We can optimize field selection from a whole-row Var into a
* simple Var. (This case won't be generated directly by the
* parser, because ParseComplexProjection short-circuits it.
* But it can arise while simplifying functions.) Also, we
* can optimize field selection from a RowExpr construct, or
* of course from a constant.
*
* However, replacing a whole-row Var in this way has a
* pitfall: if we've already built the rel targetlist for the
* source relation, then the whole-row Var is scheduled to be
* produced by the relation scan, but the simple Var probably
* isn't, which will lead to a failure in setrefs.c. This is
* not a problem when handling simple single-level queries, in
* which expression simplification always happens first. It
* is a risk for lateral references from subqueries, though.
* To avoid such failures, don't optimize uplevel references.
*
* We must also check that the declared type of the field is
* still the same as when the FieldSelect was created --- this
* can change if someone did ALTER COLUMN TYPE on the rowtype.
* If it isn't, we skip the optimization; the case will
* probably fail at runtime, but that's not our problem here.
*/
FieldSelect *fselect = (FieldSelect *) node;
FieldSelect *newfselect;
Node *arg;
arg = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) fselect->arg,
context);
if (arg && IsA(arg, Var) &&
((Var *) arg)->varattno == InvalidAttrNumber &&
((Var *) arg)->varlevelsup == 0)
{
if (rowtype_field_matches(((Var *) arg)->vartype,
fselect->fieldnum,
fselect->resulttype,
fselect->resulttypmod,
fselect->resultcollid))
return (Node *) makeVar(((Var *) arg)->varno,
fselect->fieldnum,
fselect->resulttype,
fselect->resulttypmod,
fselect->resultcollid,
((Var *) arg)->varlevelsup);
}
if (arg && IsA(arg, RowExpr))
{
RowExpr *rowexpr = (RowExpr *) arg;
if (fselect->fieldnum > 0 &&
fselect->fieldnum <= list_length(rowexpr->args))
{
Node *fld = (Node *) list_nth(rowexpr->args,
fselect->fieldnum - 1);
if (rowtype_field_matches(rowexpr->row_typeid,
fselect->fieldnum,
fselect->resulttype,
fselect->resulttypmod,
fselect->resultcollid) &&
fselect->resulttype == exprType(fld) &&
fselect->resulttypmod == exprTypmod(fld) &&
fselect->resultcollid == exprCollation(fld))
return fld;
}
}
newfselect = makeNode(FieldSelect);
newfselect->arg = (Expr *) arg;
newfselect->fieldnum = fselect->fieldnum;
newfselect->resulttype = fselect->resulttype;
newfselect->resulttypmod = fselect->resulttypmod;
newfselect->resultcollid = fselect->resultcollid;
if (arg && IsA(arg, Const))
{
Const *con = (Const *) arg;
if (rowtype_field_matches(con->consttype,
newfselect->fieldnum,
newfselect->resulttype,
newfselect->resulttypmod,
newfselect->resultcollid))
return ece_evaluate_expr(newfselect);
}
return (Node *) newfselect;
}
case T_NullTest:
{
NullTest *ntest = (NullTest *) node;
NullTest *newntest;
Node *arg;
arg = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) ntest->arg,
context);
if (ntest->argisrow && arg && IsA(arg, RowExpr))
{
/*
* We break ROW(...) IS [NOT] NULL into separate tests on
* its component fields. This form is usually more
* efficient to evaluate, as well as being more amenable
* to optimization.
*/
RowExpr *rarg = (RowExpr *) arg;
List *newargs = NIL;
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, rarg->args)
{
Node *relem = (Node *) lfirst(l);
/*
* A constant field refutes the whole NullTest if it's
* of the wrong nullness; else we can discard it.
*/
if (relem && IsA(relem, Const))
{
Const *carg = (Const *) relem;
if (carg->constisnull ?
(ntest->nulltesttype == IS_NOT_NULL) :
(ntest->nulltesttype == IS_NULL))
return makeBoolConst(false, false);
continue;
}
/*
* Else, make a scalar (argisrow == false) NullTest
* for this field. Scalar semantics are required
* because IS [NOT] NULL doesn't recurse; see comments
* in ExecEvalRowNullInt().
*/
newntest = makeNode(NullTest);
newntest->arg = (Expr *) relem;
newntest->nulltesttype = ntest->nulltesttype;
newntest->argisrow = false;
newntest->location = ntest->location;
newargs = lappend(newargs, newntest);
}
/* If all the inputs were constants, result is TRUE */
if (newargs == NIL)
return makeBoolConst(true, false);
/* If only one nonconst input, it's the result */
if (list_length(newargs) == 1)
return (Node *) linitial(newargs);
/* Else we need an AND node */
return (Node *) make_andclause(newargs);
}
if (!ntest->argisrow && arg && IsA(arg, Const))
{
Const *carg = (Const *) arg;
bool result;
switch (ntest->nulltesttype)
{
case IS_NULL:
result = carg->constisnull;
break;
case IS_NOT_NULL:
result = !carg->constisnull;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized nulltesttype: %d",
(int) ntest->nulltesttype);
result = false; /* keep compiler quiet */
break;
}
return makeBoolConst(result, false);
}
newntest = makeNode(NullTest);
newntest->arg = (Expr *) arg;
newntest->nulltesttype = ntest->nulltesttype;
newntest->argisrow = ntest->argisrow;
newntest->location = ntest->location;
return (Node *) newntest;
}
case T_BooleanTest:
{
/*
* This case could be folded into the generic handling used
* for ArrayRef etc. But because the simplification logic is
* so trivial, applying evaluate_expr() to perform it would be
* a heavy overhead. BooleanTest is probably common enough to
* justify keeping this bespoke implementation.
*/
BooleanTest *btest = (BooleanTest *) node;
BooleanTest *newbtest;
Node *arg;
arg = eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) btest->arg,
context);
if (arg && IsA(arg, Const))
{
Const *carg = (Const *) arg;
bool result;
switch (btest->booltesttype)
{
case IS_TRUE:
result = (!carg->constisnull &&
DatumGetBool(carg->constvalue));
break;
case IS_NOT_TRUE:
result = (carg->constisnull ||
!DatumGetBool(carg->constvalue));
break;
case IS_FALSE:
result = (!carg->constisnull &&
!DatumGetBool(carg->constvalue));
break;
case IS_NOT_FALSE:
result = (carg->constisnull ||
DatumGetBool(carg->constvalue));
break;
case IS_UNKNOWN:
result = carg->constisnull;
break;
case IS_NOT_UNKNOWN:
result = !carg->constisnull;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized booltesttype: %d",
(int) btest->booltesttype);
result = false; /* keep compiler quiet */
break;
}
return makeBoolConst(result, false);
}
newbtest = makeNode(BooleanTest);
newbtest->arg = (Expr *) arg;
newbtest->booltesttype = btest->booltesttype;
newbtest->location = btest->location;
return (Node *) newbtest;
}
case T_PlaceHolderVar:
/*
* In estimation mode, just strip the PlaceHolderVar node
* altogether; this amounts to estimating that the contained value
* won't be forced to null by an outer join. In regular mode we
* just use the default behavior (ie, simplify the expression but
* leave the PlaceHolderVar node intact).
*/
if (context->estimate)
{
PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) node;
return eval_const_expressions_mutator((Node *) phv->phexpr,
context);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
/*
* For any node type not handled above, copy the node unchanged but
* const-simplify its subexpressions. This is the correct thing for node
* types whose behavior might change between planning and execution, such
* as CoerceToDomain. It's also a safe default for new node types not
* known to this routine.
*/
return ece_generic_processing(node);
}
simplify_function
/*
* Subroutine for eval_const_expressions: try to simplify a function call
* (which might originally have been an operator; we don't care)
*
* Inputs are the function OID, actual result type OID (which is needed for
* polymorphic functions), result typmod, result collation, the input
* collation to use for the function, the original argument list (not
* const-simplified yet, unless process_args is false), and some flags;
* also the context data for eval_const_expressions.
*
* Returns a simplified expression if successful, or NULL if cannot
* simplify the function call.
*
* This function is also responsible for converting named-notation argument
* lists into positional notation and/or adding any needed default argument
* expressions; which is a bit grotty, but it avoids extra fetches of the
* function's pg_proc tuple. For this reason, the args list is
* pass-by-reference. Conversion and const-simplification of the args list
* will be done even if simplification of the function call itself is not
* possible.
*/
static Expr *
simplify_function(Oid funcid, Oid result_type, int32 result_typmod,
Oid result_collid, Oid input_collid, List **args_p,
bool funcvariadic, bool process_args, bool allow_non_const,
eval_const_expressions_context *context)
{
List *args = *args_p;
HeapTuple func_tuple;
Form_pg_proc func_form;
Expr *newexpr;
/*
* We have three strategies for simplification: execute the function to
* deliver a constant result, use a transform function to generate a
* substitute node tree, or expand in-line the body of the function
* definition (which only works for simple SQL-language functions, but
* that is a common case). Each case needs access to the function's
* pg_proc tuple, so fetch it just once.
*
* Note: the allow_non_const flag suppresses both the second and third
* strategies; so if !allow_non_const, simplify_function can only return a
* Const or NULL. Argument-list rewriting happens anyway, though.
*/
//查詢proc(視為Tuple)
func_tuple = SearchSysCache1(PROCOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(func_tuple))
elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
//從Tuple中分解得到函式體
func_form = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(func_tuple);
/*
* Process the function arguments, unless the caller did it already.
*
* Here we must deal with named or defaulted arguments, and then
* recursively apply eval_const_expressions to the whole argument list.
*/
if (process_args)//引數不為空
{
args = expand_function_arguments(args, result_type, func_tuple);//展開引數
args = (List *) expression_tree_mutator((Node *) args,
eval_const_expressions_mutator,
(void *) context);//遞迴處理
/* Argument processing done, give it back to the caller */
*args_p = args;//重新賦值
}
/* Now attempt simplification of the function call proper. */
newexpr = evaluate_function(funcid, result_type, result_typmod,
result_collid, input_collid,
args, funcvariadic,
func_tuple, context);//對函式進行預求解
//求解成功並且允許非Const值並且(func_form->protransform是合法的Oid
if (!newexpr && allow_non_const && OidIsValid(func_form->protransform))
{
/*
* Build a dummy FuncExpr node containing the simplified arg list. We
* use this approach to present a uniform interface to the transform
* function regardless of how the function is actually being invoked.
*/
FuncExpr fexpr;
fexpr.xpr.type = T_FuncExpr;
fexpr.funcid = funcid;
fexpr.funcresulttype = result_type;
fexpr.funcretset = func_form->proretset;
fexpr.funcvariadic = funcvariadic;
fexpr.funcformat = COERCE_EXPLICIT_CALL;
fexpr.funccollid = result_collid;
fexpr.inputcollid = input_collid;
fexpr.args = args;
fexpr.location = -1;
newexpr = (Expr *)
DatumGetPointer(OidFunctionCall1(func_form->protransform,
PointerGetDatum(&fexpr)));
}
if (!newexpr && allow_non_const)
newexpr = inline_function(funcid, result_type, result_collid,
input_collid, args, funcvariadic,
func_tuple, context);
ReleaseSysCache(func_tuple);
return newexpr;
}
/*
* evaluate_expr: pre-evaluate a constant expression
*
* We use the executor's routine ExecEvalExpr() to avoid duplication of
* code and ensure we get the same result as the executor would get.
*/
static Expr *
evaluate_expr(Expr *expr, Oid result_type, int32 result_typmod,
Oid result_collation)
{
EState *estate;
ExprState *exprstate;
MemoryContext oldcontext;
Datum const_val;
bool const_is_null;
int16 resultTypLen;
bool resultTypByVal;
/*
* To use the executor, we need an EState.
*/
estate = CreateExecutorState();
/* We can use the estate's working context to avoid memory leaks. */
oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(estate->es_query_cxt);
/* Make sure any opfuncids are filled in. */
fix_opfuncids((Node *) expr);
/*
* Prepare expr for execution. (Note: we can't use ExecPrepareExpr
* because it'd result in recursively invoking eval_const_expressions.)
*/
//初始化表示式,為執行作準備
//把函式放在exprstate->evalfunc中
exprstate = ExecInitExpr(expr, NULL);
/*
* And evaluate it.
*
* It is OK to use a default econtext because none of the ExecEvalExpr()
* code used in this situation will use econtext. That might seem
* fortuitous, but it's not so unreasonable --- a constant expression does
* not depend on context, by definition, n'est ce pas?
*/
const_val = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(exprstate,
GetPerTupleExprContext(estate),
&const_is_null);//執行表示式求解
/* Get info needed about result datatype */
get_typlenbyval(result_type, &resultTypLen, &resultTypByVal);
/* Get back to outer memory context */
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
/*
* Must copy result out of sub-context used by expression eval.
*
* Also, if it's varlena, forcibly detoast it. This protects us against
* storing TOAST pointers into plans that might outlive the referenced
* data. (makeConst would handle detoasting anyway, but it's worth a few
* extra lines here so that we can do the copy and detoast in one step.)
*/
if (!const_is_null)
{
if (resultTypLen == -1)
const_val = PointerGetDatum(PG_DETOAST_DATUM_COPY(const_val));
else
const_val = datumCopy(const_val, resultTypByVal, resultTypLen);
}
/* Release all the junk we just created */
FreeExecutorState(estate);
/*
* Make the constant result node.
*/
return (Expr *) makeConst(result_type, result_typmod, result_collation,
resultTypLen,
const_val, const_is_null,
resultTypByVal);
}
/*
* ExecEvalExprSwitchContext
*
* Same as ExecEvalExpr, but get into the right allocation context explicitly.
*/
#ifndef FRONTEND
static inline Datum
ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(ExprState *state,
ExprContext *econtext,
bool *isNull)
{
Datum retDatum;
MemoryContext oldContext;
oldContext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory);
retDatum = state->evalfunc(state, econtext, isNull);
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldContext);
return retDatum;
}
#endif
三、跟蹤分析
測試指令碼,表示式位於targetList中:
select max(a.dwbh::int+(1+2))
from t_dwxx a;
gdb跟蹤:
Breakpoint 1, preprocess_expression (root=0x133eca8, expr=0x13441a8, kind=1) at planner.c:1007
1007 if (expr == NULL)
...
(gdb) p *(TargetEntry *)((List *)expr)->head->data.ptr_value
$6 = {xpr = {type = T_TargetEntry}, expr = 0x1343fb8, resno = 1, resname = 0x124bb38 "max", ressortgroupref = 0,
resorigtbl = 0, resorigcol = 0, resjunk = false}
...
#OpExpr,引數args連結串列,第1個引數是1,第2個引數是2
(gdb) p *(Const *)$opexpr->args->head->data.ptr_value
$25 = {xpr = {type = T_Const}, consttype = 23, consttypmod = -1, constcollid = 0, constlen = 4, constvalue = 1,
constisnull = false, constbyval = true, location = 24}
(gdb) p *(Const *)$opexpr->args->tail->data.ptr_value
$26 = {xpr = {type = T_Const}, consttype = 23, consttypmod = -1, constcollid = 0, constlen = 4, constvalue = 2,
constisnull = false, constbyval = true, location = 26}
(gdb)
#調整斷點
(gdb) info break
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x000000000076ac6f in preprocess_expression at planner.c:1007
breakpoint already hit 8 times
(gdb) del 1
(gdb) b clauses.c:2713
Breakpoint 2 at 0x78952a: file clauses.c, line 2713.
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 2, eval_const_expressions_mutator (node=0x124cbf0, context=0x7ffebc48f630) at clauses.c:2716
2716 set_opfuncid(expr);
#這個表示式是a.dwbh::int+(1+2)
(gdb) p *((OpExpr *)node)->args
$29 = {type = T_List, length = 2, head = 0x124cbd0, tail = 0x124cb80}
(gdb) p *(Node *)((OpExpr *)node)->args->head->data.ptr_value
$30 = {type = T_CoerceViaIO}
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 2, eval_const_expressions_mutator (node=0x124cb30, context=0x7ffebc48f630) at clauses.c:2716
2716 set_opfuncid(expr);
#這個表示式是1+2,對此表示式進行求解
(gdb) p *(Node *)((OpExpr *)node)->args->head->data.ptr_value
$34 = {type = T_Const}
(gdb) p *(Const *)((OpExpr *)node)->args->head->data.ptr_value
$35 = {xpr = {type = T_Const}, consttype = 23, consttypmod = -1, constcollid = 0, constlen = 4, constvalue = 1,
constisnull = false, constbyval = true, location = 24}
#進入simplify_function
(gdb) step
simplify_function (funcid=177, result_type=23, result_typmod=-1, result_collid=0, input_collid=0, args_p=0x7ffebc48c838,
funcvariadic=false, process_args=true, allow_non_const=true, context=0x7ffebc48f630) at clauses.c:4022
4022 List *args = *args_p;
...
#函式是int4pl
(gdb) p *func_form
$38 = {proname = {data = "int4pl", '\000' <repeats 57 times>}, pronamespace = 11, proowner = 10, prolang = 12, procost = 1,
prorows = 0, provariadic = 0, protransform = 0, prokind = 102 'f', prosecdef = false, proleakproof = false,
proisstrict = true, proretset = false, provolatile = 105 'i', proparallel = 115 's', pronargs = 2, pronargdefaults = 0,
prorettype = 23, proargtypes = {vl_len_ = 128, ndim = 1, dataoffset = 0, elemtype = 26, dim1 = 2, lbound1 = 0,
values = 0x7fd820a599a4}}
...
#求解,得到結果為3
(gdb) p const_val
$48 = 3
(gdb)
evaluate_function (funcid=177, result_type=23, result_typmod=-1, result_collid=0, input_collid=0, args=0x13135c8,
funcvariadic=false, func_tuple=0x7fd820a598d8, context=0x7ffebc48f630) at clauses.c:4424
4424 }
(gdb)
simplify_function (funcid=177, result_type=23, result_typmod=-1, result_collid=0, input_collid=0, args_p=0x7ffebc48c838,
funcvariadic=false, process_args=true, allow_non_const=true, context=0x7ffebc48f630) at clauses.c:4067
4067 if (!newexpr && allow_non_const && OidIsValid(func_form->protransform))
(gdb) p *newexpr
$50 = {type = T_Const}
(gdb) p *(Const *)newexpr
$51 = {xpr = {type = T_Const}, consttype = 23, consttypmod = -1, constcollid = 0, constlen = 4, constvalue = 3,
constisnull = false, constbyval = true, location = -1}
...
#DONE!
#把1+2的T_OpExpr變換為T_Const
四、小結
1、簡化過程：通過eval_const_expressions_mutator函式遍歷相關節點，根據函式資訊讀取pg_proc中的函式並通過這些函式對錶達式逐個處理；
2、表示式求解：通過呼叫evaluate_expr進而呼叫內建函式進行求解。
五、參考資料
planner.c
clauses.c
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/6906/viewspace-2374880/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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