自定義指令
angularjs中有很多內建指令,一般都是以ng開頭的;比如:ng-app,ng-click,ng-repeat等等。本文介紹angularjs的自定義指令的用法。
指令的定義
首先在html標籤處設定ng-app的屬性值,然後在js檔案中就可以呼叫angular.module得到一個module,最後就可以用module.directive定義一個指令。程式碼如下:
html檔案
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="directive">
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>directive</title>
<script src="../bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="./directive.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div my-directive></div>
</body>
</html>
js檔案
var app = angular.module(`directive`,[]);
app.directive(`myDirective`,function(){
return {
restrict:"A",
require:true,
template:"<span>hello angular</span>",
};
});
這個例子只使用了directive的最簡單的引數配置,下面是一個詳細的引數配置列表
app.directive(`myDirective`, function factory(injectables) {
return {
restrict: string,//指令的使用方式,包括標籤,屬性,類,註釋
priority: number,//指令執行的優先順序
template: string,//指令使用的模板,用HTML字串的形式表示
templateUrl: string,//從指定的url地址載入模板
replace: bool,//是否用模板替換當前元素,若為false,則append在當前元素上
transclude: bool,//是否將當前元素的內容轉移到模板中
scope: bool or object,//指定指令的作用域
controller: function controllerConstructor($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude){...},//定義與其他指令進行互動的介面函式
require: string,//指定需要依賴的其他指令
link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) {...},//以程式設計的方式操作DOM,包括新增監聽器等
compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude){
return: {
pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller){...},
post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller){...}
}
}
};
});
下面介紹幾個常用的引數
restrict
四個值”A”,”E”,”C”,”M”,分別程式碼屬性,標籤,類,註釋,如下:
restrict:"A" <div my-directive></div>
restrict:"E" <my-directive></my-directive>
restrict:"C" <div class="my-diretive"></div>
restrict:"M" <!--directive:my-directive-->
只測試了A和E的值,感興趣的朋友可以測試一下其他。
template 和 templateUrl
這兩個引數只需要設定一個就行。
transclude
該引數的意思是替換指令的內容,更改上面的例子。html更改部分
<div my-directive>hello angular</div>
js更改部分
app.directive(`myDirective`,function(){
return {
restrict:"A",
require:true,
transclude:true,//增加transclude引數的設定
template:"<div><span ng-transclude></span></div>",//將指令的內容替換到span標籤下
};
});
scope
false 預設值。使用父作用域作為自己的作用域
true 新建一個作用域,該作用域繼承父作用域
javascript物件
當scope為javascript物件時,鍵值對的形式定義。直接看例子吧!
html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="directive">
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>directive</title>
<script src="../bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="./directive.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="directive">
<div my-directive etitle="title">{{text}}</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
js:
var app = angular.module(`directive`,[]);
app.directive(`myDirective`,function(){
return {
restrict:`A`,
template:`<div><span style="background-color:red;">{{mytitle}}</span><div ng-transclude></div></div>`,
require:true,
replace:true,
transclude:true,
//將etitle屬性繫結到父控制器的scope域中
scope:{
mytitle:`=etitle`
},
}
});
app.controller(`directive`,function($scope){
$scope.title = "學習";
$scope.text = "angular js概念多";
});
link
link的值是一個function,一般用在在dom上繫結動作的。請看下面實現的一個摺疊皮膚的例子。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="directive">
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>directive</title>
<script src="../bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="./directive.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="directive">
<expander etitle="title">{{text}}</expander>
</div>
</body>
</html>
var app = angular.module(`directive`,[]);
app.directive(`expander`,function(){
return {
restrict:`E`,
template:`<div><span style="background-color:red;" ng-click="toggleText()">{{mytitle}}</span><div ng-transclude ng-show="showText"></div></div>`,
require:true,
replace:true,
transclude:true,
//將etitle屬性繫結到父控制器的scope域中
scope:{
mytitle:`=etitle`
},
link: function(scope,element,attr,accordionCtrl){
scope.showText = false;
scope.toggleText = function(){
scope.showText = ! scope.showText;
}
}
}
});
app.controller(`directive`,function($scope){
$scope.title = "angular 學習";
$scope.text = "angular js概念多";
});
expander指令中的link引數中增加了showText的值和toggleText的點選函式。
最後,再看一個多個摺疊皮膚的例子
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="directive">
<head lang="en">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>directive</title>
<script src="../bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="./directive.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-controller="directive">
<accordion>
<expander ng-repeat="expander in expanders" etitle="expander.title">{{expander.text}}</expander>
</accordion>
</div>
</body>
</html>
ng-repeat便利expanders的所有元素
var app = angular.module(`directive`,[]);
app.directive(`expander`,function(){
return {
restrict:`E`,
template:`<div><span style="background-color:red;" ng-click="toggleText()">{{mytitle}}</span><div ng-transclude ng-show="showText"></div></div>`,
require:`^?accordion`,
replace:true,
transclude:true,
//將etitle屬性繫結到父控制器的scope域中
scope:{
mytitle:`=etitle`
},
link: function(scope,element,attr,accordionCtrl){
scope.showText = false;
accordionCtrl.addExpander(scope);
scope.toggleText = function(){
scope.showText = ! scope.showText;
accordionCtrl.getOpened(scope);
}
}
}
});
app.controller(`directive`,function($scope){
$scope.expanders = [
{title:"angular",text:"angular js概念多"},
{title:"react",text:"react + reduce + ui路由機制"}
];
});
app.directive(`accordion`,function(){
return {
restrict:"E",
template:`<div ng-transclude></div>`,
replace:true,
transclude:true,
controller:function(){
var expanders = [];
this.getOpened = function(selectExpander){
angular.forEach(expanders,function(e){
if (selectExpander != e){
e.showText = false;
}
});
}
this.addExpander = function(e){
expanders.push(e);
}
}
}
});