node的包管理工具npm
node現在的火熱程度一點都沒有下降，而成為了前端必備工具，特別是npm的包庫已經成為了前端必備的，即使你不接觸node作為後端的存在，現在各種第三方包依然需要使用npm來管理，可以說一個現代化的前段工程如果不使用類似npm這樣的包管理工具的話，應該不算一個大型工程。
npm使用
官方網站：https://docs.npmjs.com/ ，npm的安裝什麼的就不說了，node的大部分版本也都自帶了npm，npm管理者node的大部分包，開發者可以上傳自己寫的包供他人使用，也可以下載使用別人寫好的包進行使用，
使用npm init 來進行初始化一個專案，會生成一個package.json檔案，而版本管理就依賴這個檔案，官方給的樣例檔案：
{
"version": "5.3.0",
"name": "npm",
"description": "a package manager for JavaScript",
"keywords": [
"install",
"modules",
"package manager",
"package.json"
],
"preferGlobal": true,
"config": {
"publishtest": false
},
"homepage": "https://docs.npmjs.com/",
"author": {
"name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
"email": "i@izs.me",
"url": "http://blog.izs.me"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git+https://github.com/npm/npm.git"
},
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/npm/npm/issues"
},
"directories": {
"bin": "./bin",
"doc": "./doc",
"lib": "./lib",
"man": "./man"
},
"main": "./lib/npm.js",
"bin": {
"npm": "./bin/npm-cli.js",
"npx": "./bin/npx-cli.js"
},
"dependencies": {
"JSONStream": "~1.3.1",
"abbrev": "~1.1.0",
"ansi-regex": "~3.0.0",
"ansicolors": "~0.3.2",
"ansistyles": "~0.1.3",
"aproba": "~1.1.2",
"archy": "~1.0.0",
"bluebird": "~3.5.0",
"cacache": "~9.2.9",
"call-limit": "~1.1.0",
"chownr": "~1.0.1",
"cmd-shim": "~2.0.2",
"columnify": "~1.5.4",
"config-chain": "~1.1.11",
"detect-indent": "~5.0.0",
"dezalgo": "~1.0.3",
"editor": "~1.0.0",
"fs-vacuum": "~1.2.10",
"fs-write-stream-atomic": "~1.0.10",
"fstream": "~1.0.11",
"fstream-npm": "~1.2.1",
"glob": "~7.1.2",
"graceful-fs": "~4.1.11",
"has-unicode": "~2.0.1",
"hosted-git-info": "~2.5.0",
"iferr": "~0.1.5",
"inflight": "~1.0.6",
"inherits": "~2.0.3",
"ini": "~1.3.4",
"init-package-json": "~1.10.1",
"lazy-property": "~1.0.0",
"libnpx": "~9.2.0",
"lockfile": "~1.0.3",
"lodash._baseuniq": "~4.6.0",
"lodash.clonedeep": "~4.5.0",
"lodash.union": "~4.6.0",
"lodash.uniq": "~4.5.0",
"lodash.without": "~4.4.0",
"lru-cache": "~4.1.1",
"mississippi": "~1.3.0",
"mkdirp": "~0.5.1",
"move-concurrently": "~1.0.1",
"node-gyp": "~3.6.2",
"nopt": "~4.0.1",
"normalize-package-data": "~2.4.0",
"npm-cache-filename": "~1.0.2",
"npm-install-checks": "~3.0.0",
"npm-package-arg": "~5.1.2",
"npm-registry-client": "~8.4.0",
"npm-user-validate": "~1.0.0",
"npmlog": "~4.1.2",
"once": "~1.4.0",
"opener": "~1.4.3",
"osenv": "~0.1.4",
"pacote": "~2.7.38",
"path-is-inside": "~1.0.2",
"promise-inflight": "~1.0.1",
"read": "~1.0.7",
"read-cmd-shim": "~1.0.1",
"read-installed": "~4.0.3",
"read-package-json": "~2.0.10",
"read-package-tree": "~5.1.6",
"readable-stream": "~2.3.3",
"request": "~2.81.0",
"retry": "~0.10.1",
"rimraf": "~2.6.1",
"safe-buffer": "~5.1.1",
"semver": "~5.3.0",
"sha": "~2.0.1",
"slide": "~1.1.6",
"sorted-object": "~2.0.1",
"sorted-union-stream": "~2.1.3",
"ssri": "~4.1.6",
"strip-ansi": "~4.0.0",
"tar": "~2.2.1",
"text-table": "~0.2.0",
"uid-number": "0.0.6",
"umask": "~1.1.0",
"unique-filename": "~1.1.0",
"unpipe": "~1.0.0",
"update-notifier": "~2.2.0",
"uuid": "~3.1.0",
"validate-npm-package-name": "~3.0.0",
"which": "~1.2.14",
"worker-farm": "~1.4.1",
"wrappy": "~1.0.2",
"write-file-atomic": "~2.1.0",
"debuglog": "*",
"imurmurhash": "*",
"lodash._baseindexof": "*",
"lodash._bindcallback": "*",
"lodash._cacheindexof": "*",
"lodash._createcache": "*",
"lodash._getnative": "*",
"lodash.restparam": "*",
"readdir-scoped-modules": "*",
"validate-npm-package-license": "*"
},
"bundleDependencies": [
"abbrev",
"ansi-regex",
"ansicolors",
"ansistyles",
"aproba",
"archy",
"cacache",
"call-limit",
"bluebird",
"chownr",
"cmd-shim",
"columnify",
"config-chain",
"debuglog",
"detect-indent",
"dezalgo",
"editor",
"fs-vacuum",
"fs-write-stream-atomic",
"fstream",
"fstream-npm",
"glob",
"graceful-fs",
"has-unicode",
"hosted-git-info",
"iferr",
"imurmurhash",
"inflight",
"inherits",
"ini",
"init-package-json",
"JSONStream",
"lazy-property",
"lockfile",
"lodash._baseindexof",
"lodash._baseuniq",
"lodash._bindcallback",
"lodash._cacheindexof",
"lodash._createcache",
"lodash._getnative",
"lodash.clonedeep",
"lodash.restparam",
"lodash.union",
"lodash.uniq",
"lodash.without",
"lru-cache",
"mkdirp",
"mississippi",
"move-concurrently",
"node-gyp",
"nopt",
"normalize-package-data",
"npm-cache-filename",
"npm-install-checks",
"npm-package-arg",
"npm-registry-client",
"npm-user-validate",
"npmlog",
"once",
"opener",
"osenv",
"pacote",
"path-is-inside",
"promise-inflight",
"read",
"read-cmd-shim",
"read-installed",
"read-package-json",
"read-package-tree",
"readable-stream",
"readdir-scoped-modules",
"request",
"retry",
"rimraf",
"semver",
"sha",
"slide",
"sorted-object",
"sorted-union-stream",
"ssri",
"strip-ansi",
"tar",
"text-table",
"uid-number",
"umask",
"unique-filename",
"unpipe",
"update-notifier",
"uuid",
"validate-npm-package-license",
"validate-npm-package-name",
"which",
"wrappy",
"write-file-atomic",
"safe-buffer",
"worker-farm",
"libnpx"
],
"devDependencies": {
"deep-equal": "~1.0.1",
"marked": "~0.3.6",
"marked-man": "~0.2.1",
"npm-registry-couchapp": "~2.6.13",
"npm-registry-mock": "~1.1.0",
"require-inject": "~1.4.2",
"sprintf-js": "~1.1.1",
"standard": "~6.0.8",
"tacks": "~1.2.6",
"tap": "~10.7.0"
},
"scripts": {
"dumpconf": "env | grep npm | sort | uniq",
"prepare": "node bin/npm-cli.js --no-timing prune --prefix=. --no-global && rimraf test/*/*/node_modules && make -j4 doc",
"preversion": "bash scripts/update-authors.sh && git add AUTHORS && git commit -m "update AUTHORS" || true",
"tap": "tap --timeout 300",
"tap-cover": "tap --nyc-arg=`--cache` --coverage --timeout 600",
"test": "standard && npm run test-tap",
"test-coverage": "npm run tap-cover -- "test/tap/*.js" "test/network/*.js" "test/broken-under-*/*.js"",
"test-tap": "npm run tap -- "test/tap/*.js" "test/network/*.js" "test/broken-under-*/*.js"",
"test-node": "tap --timeout 240 "test/tap/*.js" "test/network/*.js" "test/broken-under-nyc*/*.js""
},
"license": "Artistic-2.0",
"contributors": [
{
"name": "Isaac Z. Schlueter",
"email": "i@izs.me"
},
{
"name": "Steve Steiner",
"email": "ssteinerX@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Mikeal Rogers",
"email": "mikeal.rogers@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Aaron Blohowiak",
"email": "aaron.blohowiak@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Martyn Smith",
"email": "martyn@dollyfish.net.nz"
},
{
"name": "Charlie Robbins",
"email": "charlie.robbins@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Francisco Treacy",
"email": "francisco.treacy@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Cliffano Subagio",
"email": "cliffano@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Christian Eager",
"email": "christian.eager@nokia.com"
},
{
"name": "Dav Glass",
"email": "davglass@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex K. Wolfe",
"email": "alexkwolfe@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "James Sanders",
"email": "jimmyjazz14@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Reid Burke",
"email": "me@reidburke.com"
},
{
"name": "Arlo Breault",
"email": "arlolra@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Timo Derstappen",
"email": "teemow@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Bart Teeuwisse",
"email": "bart.teeuwisse@thecodemill.biz"
},
{
"name": "Ben Noordhuis",
"email": "info@bnoordhuis.nl"
},
{
"name": "Tor Valamo",
"email": "tor.valamo@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Whyme.Lyu",
"email": "5longluna@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Olivier Melcher",
"email": "olivier.melcher@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Toma啪 Muraus",
"email": "kami@k5-storitve.net"
},
{
"name": "Evan Meagher",
"email": "evan.meagher@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Orlando Vazquez",
"email": "ovazquez@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Kai Chen",
"email": "kaichenxyz@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "George Miroshnykov",
"email": "gmiroshnykov@lohika.com"
},
{
"name": "Geoff Flarity",
"email": "geoff.flarity@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Max Goodman",
"email": "c@chromakode.com"
},
{
"name": "Pete Kruckenberg",
"email": "pete@kruckenberg.com"
},
{
"name": "Laurie Harper",
"email": "laurie@holoweb.net"
},
{
"name": "Chris Wong",
"email": "chris@chriswongstudio.com"
},
{
"name": "Scott Bronson",
"email": "brons_github@rinspin.com"
},
{
"name": "Federico Romero",
"email": "federomero@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Visnu Pitiyanuvath",
"email": "visnupx@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Irakli Gozalishvili",
"email": "rfobic@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Mark Cahill",
"email": "mark@tiemonster.info"
},
{
"name": "Tony",
"email": "zearin@gonk.net"
},
{
"name": "Iain Sproat",
"email": "iainsproat@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Trent Mick",
"email": "trentm@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Felix Geisendo虉rfer",
"email": "felix@debuggable.com"
},
{
"name": "Jameson Little",
"email": "t.jameson.little@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Conny Brunnkvist",
"email": "conny@fuchsia.se"
},
{
"name": "Will Elwood",
"email": "w.elwood08@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Dean Landolt",
"email": "dean@deanlandolt.com"
},
{
"name": "Oleg Efimov",
"email": "efimovov@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Martin Cooper",
"email": "mfncooper@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jann Horn",
"email": "jannhorn@googlemail.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Bradley",
"email": "cspotcode@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Maciej Ma艂ecki",
"email": "me@mmalecki.com"
},
{
"name": "Stephen Sugden",
"email": "glurgle@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Michael Budde",
"email": "mbudde@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jason Smith",
"email": "jhs@iriscouch.com"
},
{
"name": "Gautham Pai",
"email": "buzypi@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "David Trejo",
"email": "david.daniel.trejo@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Paul Vorbach",
"email": "paul@vorb.de"
},
{
"name": "George Ornbo",
"email": "george@shapeshed.com"
},
{
"name": "Tim Oxley",
"email": "secoif@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Tyler Green",
"email": "tyler.green2@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Dave Pacheco",
"email": "dap@joyent.com"
},
{
"name": "Danila Gerasimov",
"email": "danila.gerasimov@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Rod Vagg",
"email": "rod@vagg.org"
},
{
"name": "Christian Howe",
"email": "coderarity@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Lunny",
"email": "alunny@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Henrik Hodne",
"email": "dvyjones@binaryhex.com"
},
{
"name": "Adam Blackburn",
"email": "regality@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Kris Windham",
"email": "kriswindham@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jens Grunert",
"email": "jens.grunert@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Joost-Wim Boekesteijn",
"email": "joost-wim@boekesteijn.nl"
},
{
"name": "Dalmais Maxence",
"email": "root@ip-10-195-202-5.ec2.internal"
},
{
"name": "Marcus Ekwall",
"email": "marcus.ekwall@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Aaron Stacy",
"email": "aaron.r.stacy@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Phillip Howell",
"email": "phowell@cothm.org"
},
{
"name": "Domenic Denicola",
"email": "domenic@domenicdenicola.com"
},
{
"name": "James Halliday",
"email": "mail@substack.net"
},
{
"name": "Jeremy Cantrell",
"email": "jmcantrell@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Ribettes",
"email": "patlogan29@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Don Park",
"email": "donpark@docuverse.com"
},
{
"name": "Einar Otto Stangvik",
"email": "einaros@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Kei Son",
"email": "heyacct@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Nicolas Morel",
"email": "marsup@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Mark Dube",
"email": "markisdee@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Nathan Rajlich",
"email": "nathan@tootallnate.net"
},
{
"name": "Maxim Bogushevich",
"email": "boga1@mail.ru"
},
{
"name": "Meaglin",
"email": "Meaglin.wasabi@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Ben Evans",
"email": "ben@bensbit.co.uk"
},
{
"name": "Nathan Zadoks",
"email": "nathan@nathan7.eu"
},
{
"name": "Brian White",
"email": "mscdex@mscdex.net"
},
{
"name": "Jed Schmidt",
"email": "tr@nslator.jp"
},
{
"name": "Ian Livingstone",
"email": "ianl@cs.dal.ca"
},
{
"name": "Patrick Pfeiffer",
"email": "patrick@buzzle.at"
},
{
"name": "Paul Miller",
"email": "paul@paulmillr.com"
},
{
"name": "Ryan Emery",
"email": "seebees@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Carl Lange",
"email": "carl@flax.ie"
},
{
"name": "Jan Lehnardt",
"email": "jan@apache.org"
},
{
"name": "Stuart P. Bentley",
"email": "stuart@testtrack4.com"
},
{
"name": "Johan Sk枚ld",
"email": "johan@skold.cc"
},
{
"name": "Stuart Knightley",
"email": "stuart@stuartk.com"
},
{
"name": "Niggler",
"email": "nirk.niggler@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Paolo Fragomeni",
"email": "paolo@async.ly"
},
{
"name": "Jaakko Manninen",
"email": "jaakko@rocketpack.fi"
},
{
"name": "Luke Arduini",
"email": "luke.arduini@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Larz Conwell",
"email": "larz@larz-laptop.(none)",
"url": "none"
},
{
"name": "Marcel Klehr",
"email": "mklehr@gmx.net"
},
{
"name": "Robert Kowalski",
"email": "rok@kowalski.gd"
},
{
"name": "Forbes Lindesay",
"email": "forbes@lindesay.co.uk"
},
{
"name": "Vaz Allen",
"email": "vaz@tryptid.com"
},
{
"name": "Jake Verbaten",
"email": "raynos2@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Schabse Laks",
"email": "Dev@SLaks.net"
},
{
"name": "Florian Margaine",
"email": "florian@margaine.com"
},
{
"name": "Johan Nordberg",
"email": "its@johan-nordberg.com"
},
{
"name": "Ian Babrou",
"email": "ibobrik@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Di Wu",
"email": "dwu@palantir.com"
},
{
"name": "Mathias Bynens",
"email": "mathias@qiwi.be"
},
{
"name": "Matt McClure",
"email": "matt.mcclure@mapmyfitness.com"
},
{
"name": "Matt Lunn",
"email": "matt@mattlunn.me.uk"
},
{
"name": "Alexey Kreschuk",
"email": "akrsch@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "elisee",
"email": "elisee@sparklin.org"
},
{
"name": "Robert Gieseke",
"email": "robert.gieseke@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Franc抬ois Frisch",
"email": "francoisfrisch@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Trevor Burnham",
"email": "tburnham@hubspot.com"
},
{
"name": "Alan Shaw",
"email": "alan@freestyle-developments.co.uk"
},
{
"name": "TJ Holowaychuk",
"email": "tj@vision-media.ca"
},
{
"name": "Nicholas Kinsey",
"email": "pyro@feisty.io"
},
{
"name": "Paulo Cesar",
"email": "pauloc062@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Elan Shanker",
"email": "elan.shanker@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Jon Spencer",
"email": "jon@jonspencer.ca"
},
{
"name": "Jason Diamond",
"email": "jason@diamond.name"
},
{
"name": "Maximilian Antoni",
"email": "mail@maxantoni.de"
},
{
"name": "Thom Blake",
"email": "tblake@brightroll.com"
},
{
"name": "Jess Martin",
"email": "jessmartin@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Spain Train",
"email": "michael.spainhower@opower.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex Rodionov",
"email": "p0deje@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Matt Colyer",
"email": "matt@colyer.name"
},
{
"name": "Evan You",
"email": "yyx990803@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "bitspill",
"email": "bitspill+github@bitspill.net"
},
{
"name": "Gabriel Falkenberg",
"email": "gabriel.falkenberg@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Alexej Yaroshevich",
"email": "alex@qfox.ru"
},
{
"name": "Quim Calpe",
"email": "quim@kalpe.com"
},
{
"name": "Steve Mason",
"email": "stevem@brandwatch.com"
},
{
"name": "Wil Moore III",
"email": "wil.moore@wilmoore.com"
},
{
"name": "Sergey Belov",
"email": "peimei@ya.ru"
},
{
"name": "Tom Huang",
"email": "hzlhu.dargon@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "CamilleM",
"email": "camille.moulin@alterway.fr"
},
{
"name": "S茅bastien Santoro",
"email": "dereckson@espace-win.org"
},
{
"name": "Evan Lucas",
"email": "evan@btc.com"
},
{
"name": "Quinn Slack",
"email": "qslack@qslack.com"
},
{
"name": "Alex Kocharin",
"email": "alex@kocharin.ru"
},
{
"name": "Daniel Santiago",
"email": "daniel.santiago@highlevelwebs.com"
},
{
"name": "Denis Gladkikh",
"email": "outcoldman@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Andrew Horton",
"email": "andrew.j.horton@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Zeke Sikelianos",
"email": "zeke@sikelianos.com"
},
{
"name": "Dylan Greene",
"email": "dylang@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Franck Cuny",
"email": "franck.cuny@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Yeonghoon Park",
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"email": "fibo@users.noreply.github.com"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"email": "mike@mike-engel.com"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"name": "chocolateboy",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"email": "beyondcompute@users.noreply.github.com"
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{
"name": "小瀉芯脅芯褉芯寫邪 袧懈瀉懈褌邪 袗薪寫褉械械脅懈褔",
"email": "chalkerx@gmail.com"
},
{
"name": "Carol",
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"url": "Nichols || Goulding"
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"email": "git@twopointzero.us"
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"email": "andreas.kohn@gmail.com"
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"email": "hi@akiro.se"
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{
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{
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{
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}這個會比較大，看一個簡單的縮影：
{
"name": "algorithms-combined-js",
"version": "1.0.1",
"description": "algorithms for combined",
"main": "libs/index.js",
"scripts": {
"build":"babel src -d libs",
"prepublish":"npm run build",
"test": "echo "Error: no test specified" && exit 1"
},
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git+https://github.com/rawbin-/algorithms-combined-js.git"
},
"keywords": [
"algorithms",
"javascript",
"combination",
"arrangement"
],
"author": "rawbin-",
"license": "ISC",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/rawbin-/algorithms-combined-js/issues"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/rawbin-/algorithms-combined-js#readme",
"devDependencies": {
"babel-cli": "^6.18.0",
"babel-preset-es2015": "^6.18.0",
"babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.16.0"
},
"dependencies": {
"underscore": "^1.8.3"
}
}版本
作為包管理工具，最為重要的就是版本管理，版本管理主要在package.json裡面體現在一下幾種書寫方式：
- 使用> >= < <= = 和 ||來組合具體範圍 1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0
- 使用-來指定範圍 1.2.3 – 2.3.4 等於 >=1.2.3 <=2.3.4
- 使用x X * 或者 留空 來指定版本通配 1.x 等於 >=1.0.0 <2.0.0
- 使用~來指定最鄰近右邊的大版本範圍，放開小版本的變更
~1.2.3 := >=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0 := >=1.2.3 <1.3.0
~1.2 := >=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0 := >=1.2.0 <1.3.0 (Same as 1.2.x)
~1 := >=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0 := >=1.0.0 <2.0.0 (Same as 1.x)
~0.2.3 := >=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0 := >=0.2.3 <0.3.0
~0.2 := >=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0 := >=0.2.0 <0.3.0 (Same as 0.2.x)
~0 := >=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0 := >=0.0.0 <1.0.0 (Same as 0.x) - 使用^來限定最左邊的大版本
^1.2.3 := >=1.2.3 <2.0.0
^0.2.3 := >=0.2.3 <0.3.0
^0.0.3 := >=0.0.3 <0.0.4
script
scripts 配置使用npm能執行的指令碼的命令，npm 允許在package.json檔案裡面，使用scripts欄位定義指令碼命令。這個欄位的內容比較豐富，也經常用到：
- prepublish publish postpublish
- preinstall install postinstall
- preuninstall uninstall postuninstall
- preversion version postversion
- pretest test posttest
- prestop stop poststop
- prestart start poststart
- prerestart restart postrestart
任意命令的執行方式為npm run scriptname,特殊的start stop restart test 可以直接用npm scriptname來執行，
script部分可以參考看：http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blo…
常用命令
- npm i xxx -g === npm install xxx –global
- npm i xxx -S === npm install xxx –save
- npm i xxx -D === npm install xxx –save-dev
- npm un xxx === npm uninstall xxx
- npm ls /檢視安裝的包
- npm clean –force //強制清理安裝的包
- npm publish xxx
- npm unpublish xxx
設定源
有的時候可能會出現安裝一些包的時候特別慢，所以需要設定一下國內的源，最為通用的就是taobao的源，也可是使用其配置的npm別名cnpm，只不過是npm直接把源設定為國內的淘寶源，使用方法：
//設定別名，注意區分自己的終端是bash還是zsh
alias cnpm="npm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
--cache=$HOME/.npm/.cache/cnpm
--disturl=https://npm.taobao.org/dist
--userconfig=$HOME/.cnpmrc"
# Or alias it in .bashrc or .zshrc
$ echo `
#alias for cnpm
alias cnpm="npm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
--cache=$HOME/.npm/.cache/cnpm
--disturl=https://npm.taobao.org/dist
--userconfig=$HOME/.cnpmrc"` >> ~/.zshrc && source ~/.zshrc臨時性的：
- npm install -g cnpm –registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
- npm config set registry http://registry.cnpmjs.org
//配置指向源 npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
永久性：
- registry =https://registry.npm.taobao.org //寫入配置檔案~/.npmrc