linux c 一個autotools的最簡單例子

工程師WWW發表於2013-11-10
Linux單例
  1、準備:
     需要工具autoscan aclocal autoheader automake autoconf make 等工具.
  2、測試程式編寫：
     建立目錄：mkdir include src
     編寫程式：include/str.h
  1. #include <stdio.h>
  2. int str(char *string);
      編寫程式：src/str.c
  1. #include "str.h"
  2. //print string
  3. int str(char *string){
  4.         printf("\n----PRINT STRING----\n\"%s\"\n",string);
  5.         return 0;
  6. }

  8. //interface of this program
  9. int main(int argc , char **argv){
  10.         char str_read[1024];
  11.         printf("Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]\n");
  12.         scanf("%s",str_read);
  13.         return str(str_read );
  14. }

  3、生成configure.ac
    configure.ac是automake的輸入檔案，所以必須先生成該檔案。
    執行命令：
  1. [root@localhost str]# ls
  2. include  src
  3. [root@localhost str]# autoscan
  4. autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
  5. autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
  6. [root@localhost str]# ls
  7. autoscan.log  configure.scan  include  src
  8. [root@localhost str]# cp configure.scan configure.ac
    修改 configure.ac 
  1. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
  2. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

  4. AC_PREREQ(2.59)
  5. AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
  6. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
  7. AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

  9. # Checks for programs.
  10. AC_PROG_CC

  12. # Checks for libraries.

  14. # Checks for header files.

  16. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

  18. # Checks for library functions.
  19. AC_OUTPUT
     修改
  1. AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
      為
  1. AC_INIT(str,0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])
FULL-PACKAGE-NAME 為程式名稱，VERSION為當前版本， BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS為bug彙報地址
    新增AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE 
    新增AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
  1. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
  2. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

  4. AC_PREREQ(2.59)
  5. #AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
  6. AC_INIT(str, 0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])
  7. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
  8. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])
  9. AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

  11. # Checks for programs.
  12. AC_PROG_CC

  14. # Checks for libraries.

  16. # Checks for header files.

  18. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

  20. # Checks for library functions.
  21. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
  22. AC_OUTPUT

4、執行aclocal
  1. [root@localhost str]# aclocal
  2. /usr/share/aclocal/libfame.m4:6: warning: underquoted definition of AM_PATH_LIBFAME
  3.   run info '(automake)Extending aclocal'
  4.   or see http://sources.redhat.com/automake/automake.html#Extending-aclocal

5、製作Makefile.am
  1. [root@localhost str]# cat Makefile.am
  2. #Makefile.am
  3. bin_PROGRAMS    = str
  4. str_SOURCES     = include/str.h src/str.c
  5. str_CPPFLAGS    = -I include/
6、autoheader
  1. [root@localhost str]# autoheader
7、automake必須檔案：
  1.     *  install-sh
  2.     * missing
  3.     * INSTALL
  4.     * NEWS
  5.     * README
  6.     * AUTHORS
  7.     * ChangeLog
  8.     * COPYING
  9.     * depcomp
其中 
  1.     * install-sh
  2.     * missing
  3.     * INSTALL
  4.     * COPYING
  5.     * depcomp
可以通過automake -a選項自動生成，所以這裡只需要建立如下檔案
  1. [root@localhost str]# touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog
8、執行automake
  1. [root@localhost str]# automake -a
  2. configure.ac: installing `./install-sh'
  3. configure.ac: installing `./missing'
  4. Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
  5. Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'
  6. Makefile.am: installing `./compile'
  7. Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'
9、autoconf
  1. [root@localhost str]# autoconf
  2. [root@localhost str]# ls
  3. aclocal.m4      autoscan.log  config.h.in   configure.scan  include     Makefile.am  NEWS
  4. AUTHORS         ChangeLog     configure     COPYING         INSTALL     Makefile.in  README
  5. autom4te.cache  compile       configure.ac  depcomp         install-sh  missing      src
10、執行測試：
      執行./configure
  1. [root@localhost str]# ./configure --prefix=/u
  2. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
  3. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
  4. checking for gawk... gawk
  5. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
  6. checking for gcc... gcc
  7. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
  8. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
  9. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
  10. checking for suffix of executables...
  11. checking for suffix of object files... o
  12. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
  13. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
  14. checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
  15. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
  16. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
  17. configure: creating ./config.status
  18. config.status: creating Makefile
  19. config.status: creating config.h
  20. config.status: config.h is unchanged
  21. config.status: executing depfiles commands
       執行 make
  1. [root@localhost str]# make
  2. make  all-am
  3. make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'
  4. if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I.  -I include/   -g -O2 -MT str-str.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/str-str.Tpo" -c -o str-str.o `test -f 'src/str.c' || echo './'`src/str.c; \
  5. then mv -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo" ".deps/str-str.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
  6. gcc  -g -O2   -o str  str-str.o
  7. make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'
         執行 make install
  1. [root@localhost str]# make install
  2. make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'
  3. test -z "/u/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/u/bin"
  4.   /usr/bin/install -c 'str' '/u/bin/str'
  5. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
  6. make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'     
11、測試程式：
  1. [root@localhost str]# /u/bin/str
  2. Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]
  3. abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd

  5. ----PRINT STRING----
  6. "abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd"

結束語：這只是一個小例子，如果要把這個用得很好需要不斷的磨練。。。。呵呵，見笑了。


－－－－－

新增測試包：
  1. [root@localhost str]# make dist-gzip
  2. { test ! -d str-0.0.1 || { find str-0.0.1 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr str-0.0.1; }; }
  3. mkdir str-0.0.1
  4. find str-0.0.1 -type d ! -perm -777 -exec chmod a+rwx {} \; -o \
  5.   ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  6.   ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  7.   ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /data/devel/c/str/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
  8. || chmod -R a+r str-0.0.1
  9. tardir=str-0.0.1 && /bin/sh /data/devel/c/str/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >str-0.0.1.tar.gz
  10. { test ! -d str-0.0.1 || { find str-0.0.1 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr str-0.0.1; }; }

新增一個支援子目錄、靜態庫、自定義configure選項的包

支援子目錄Makefile.am 選項 SUBDIR = 
  1. #Automake interface 
  2. SUBDIRS = src
支援靜態庫Makefile.am
EXTRA_DIST  用於新增除原始碼外的檔案到dist包
  1. #Automake interface
  2. bin_PROGRAMS = hello
  3. hello_SOURCES = hello.c lib/sbase.h
  4. hello_CPPFLAGS = -I lib
  5. hello_LDFLAGS = -static lib/libsbase.a
  6. EXTRA_DIST = lib/libsbase.a

configure.ac
  1. AC_PREREQ(2.59)
  2. #AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
  3. AC_INIT(hello, 0.0.1, [SounOS@gmail.com])
  4. #AM 宣告
  5. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE
  6. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/hello.c])
  7. AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

  9. # Checks for programs.
  10. AC_PROG_CC

  12. # Checks for libraries.

  14. # Checks for header files.
  15. AC_HEADER_STDC
  16. AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdint.h stdlib.h sys/socket.h])

  18. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
  19. AC_C_CONST
  20. AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
  21. AC_TYPE_UINT32_T
  22. AC_TYPE_UINT64_T

  24. #用於自定義configure 選項，見acinclude.am
  25. AC_CHECK_EXTRA_OPTIONS
  26. # Checks for library functions.

  28. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
  29.                  src/Makefile])
  30. AC_OUTPUT

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