最全最強SpringMVC詳細示例實戰

心靈小公寓發表於2016-11-25
SpringMVC

　一、SpringMVC基礎入門，建立一個HelloWorld程式

　　1.首先，匯入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.新增Web.xml配置檔案中關於SpringMVC的配置

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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>
 
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

　　3.在src下新增springmvc-servlet.xml配置檔案

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                   
 
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
 
    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
 
    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
     
    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
            id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 字首 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 字尾 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

　　4.在WEB-INF資料夾下建立名為jsp的資料夾，用來存放jsp檢視。建立一個hello.jsp，在body中新增“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.編寫Controller程式碼

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){       
        return "hello";
    }
}

　　7.啟動伺服器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/專案名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml檔案中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　檢視名稱解析器

　　3.以上出現的註解

　　@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

　三、SpringMVC常用註解

　　@Controller

　　負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

　　@RequestBody

　　該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分資料，使用系統預設配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然後把相應的資料繫結到要返回的物件上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的物件資料繫結到 controller中方法的引數上

　　@ResponseBody

　　該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的物件，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後，寫入到Response物件的body資料區

　　@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：Spring MVC 在呼叫目標處理方法前，會先逐個呼叫在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：可以從隱含物件中獲取隱含的模型資料中獲取物件，再將請求引數 –繫結到物件中，再傳入入參將方法入參物件新增到模型中 

　　@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　繫結 URL 佔位符到入參

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　註解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個Contoller成為全域性的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常

　四、自動匹配引數

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//match automatically
@RequestMapping("/person")
public String toPerson(String name,double age){
    System.out.println(name+" "+age);
    return "hello";
}

　五、自動裝箱

　　1.編寫一個Person實體類

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package test.SpringMVC.model;
 
public class Person {
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    private String name;
    private int age;
     
}

　　2.在Controller裡編寫方法

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//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping("/person1")
public String toPerson(Person p){
    System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
    return "hello";
}

　六、使用InitBinder來處理Date型別的引數

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")
public String date(Date date){
    System.out.println(date);
    return "hello";
}
    
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
    binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
            true));
}

　七、向前臺傳遞引數

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//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")
public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
    Person p =new Person();
    map.put("p", p);
    p.setAge(20);
    p.setName("jayjay");
    return "show";
}

　　前臺可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax呼叫

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@RequestMapping("/getPerson")
public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
    pw.write("hello,"+name);       
}
@RequestMapping("/name")
public String sayHello(){
    return "name";
}

　　前臺用下面的Jquery程式碼呼叫

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$(function(){
    $("#btn").click(function(){
       $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
            alert(data);
        });
    });
});

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求

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//redirect
@RequestMapping("/redirect")
public String redirect(){
    return "redirect:hello";
}

　十、檔案上傳

　　1.需要匯入兩個jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置檔案中加入

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<!-- upload settings -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
</bean>

　　3.方法程式碼

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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
    MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
    MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");       
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
            "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
    fos.write(file.getBytes());
    fos.flush();
    fos.close();
     
    return "hello";
}

　　4.前臺form表單

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<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="file"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>

　十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定引數的name

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {
    @RequestMapping(value="/param")
    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
        System.out.println(id+" "+name);
        return "/hello";
    }   
}

　十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        System.out.println("get"+id);
        return "/hello";
    }
     
    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        System.out.println("post"+id);
        return "/hello";
    }
     
    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        System.out.println("put"+id);
        return "/hello";
    }
     
    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        System.out.println("delete"+id);
        return "/hello";
    }
     
}

　　2.form表單傳送put和delete請求

　　在web.xml中配置

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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<filter>
    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

　　在前臺可以用以下程式碼產生請求

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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
    <input type="submit" value="put">
</form>
 
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="post">
</form>
 
<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
    <input type="submit" value="get">
</form>
 
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
    <input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>

　十三、返回json格式的字串

　　1.匯入以下jar包

　　2.方法程式碼

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {
     
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public  User get(){
        User u = new User();
        u.setId(1);
        u.setName("jayjay");
        u.setBirth(new Date());
        return u;
    }
}

　十四、異常的處理

　　1.處理區域性異常（Controller內）

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@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
    mv.addObject("exception", ex);
    System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
    return mv;
}
    
@RequestMapping("/error")
public String error(){
    int i = 5/0;
    return "hello";
}

　　2.處理全域性異常（所有Controller）

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@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
    @ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
        mv.addObject("exception", ex);
        System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
        return mv;
    }
}

　　3.另一種處理全域性異常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置

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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
    <property name="exceptionMappings">
        <props>
            <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

　　error是出錯頁面

　十五、設定一個自定義攔截器

　　1.建立一個MyInterceptor類，並實現HandlerInterceptor介面

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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
 
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
            HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
            throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion");
    }
 
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
            Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle");
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
            Object arg2) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle");
        return true;
    }
 
}

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置檔案中配置

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<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
        <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
    </mvc:interceptor>       
</mvc:interceptors>

　　3.攔截器執行順序

　十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化

　　1.匯入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用匯入)

　　2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解

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public class User {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }   
    private int id;
    @NotEmpty
    private String name;
 
    @Past
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
    private Date birth;
}

　　ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

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<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
    id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
    name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
    birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form:form>

　　ps:path對應name

　　4.Controller中程式碼

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)   
    public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
        if(br.getErrorCount()>0){           
            return "addUser";
        }
        return "showUser";
    }
     
    @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("user",new User());
        return "addUser";
    }
}

　　ps:

　　1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證引數

　　3.返回到原頁面錯誤資訊回回顯，表單也會回顯

　　5.錯誤資訊自定義

　　在src目錄下新增locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　　在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置

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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
    <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
</bean>

　　6.國際化顯示

　　在src下新增locale_zh_CN.properties

username=賬號
password=密碼

　　locale.properties中新增

username=user name
password=password

　　建立一個locale.jsp

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<body>
  <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
  <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
</body>

　　在SpringMVC中配置

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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

　　讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問

　　最後，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了

　十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　　1.建立一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，並建立各類

　　2.User實體類

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public class User {
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
    }   
    private int id;
    @NotEmpty
    private String name;
 
    @Past
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
    private Date birth;
}

　　3.UserService類

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@Component
public class UserService {
    public UserService(){
        System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
    }
     
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("save");
    }
}

　　4.UserController

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@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
     
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
        System.out.println(u);
        userService.save();
        return "hello";
    }
}

　　5.Spring配置檔案

　　在src目錄下建立SpringIOC的配置檔案applicationContext.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        "
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   
        >
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>       
    </context:component-scan>
     
</beans>

　　在Web.xml中新增配置

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<!-- configure the springIOC -->
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param> 
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 
  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

　　6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個物件的管理重合

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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
    </context:component-scan>

　十八、SpringMVC詳細執行流程圖

　十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區別

　　1、springmvc基於方法開發的，struts2基於類開發的。springmvc將url和controller裡的方法對映。對映成功後springmvc生成一個Handler物件，物件中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形引數據銷燬。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。

　　2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，並且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變數接收引數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。

　　3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在於使用struts標籤，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。

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