前面的話
CSS不能算是嚴格意義的程式語言，但是在前端體系中卻不能小覷。 CSS 是以描述為主的樣式表，如果描述得混亂、沒有規則，對於其他開發者一定是一個定時炸彈，特別是有強迫症的人群。CSS 看似簡單，想要寫出漂亮的 CSS 還是相當困難。所以校驗 CSS 規則的行動迫在眉睫。stylelint是一個強大的現代 CSS 檢測器，可以讓開發者在樣式表中遵循一致的約定和避免錯誤。本文將詳細介紹CSS程式碼檢查工具stylelint
概述
stylelint擁有超過150條的規則，包括捕捉錯誤、最佳實踐、控制可以使用的語言特性和強制程式碼風格規範。它支援最新的CSS語法，並且靈活可配置
Vue
下面在Vue框架下安裝使用stylelint
1、安裝stylelint、stylint-config-standard和stylelint-order
npm install stylelint --save-dev npm install stylelint-config-standard --save-dev npm install stylelint-order --save-dev
其中，stylelint是執行工具，stylelint-config-standard是stylelint的推薦配置，stylelint-order是CSS屬性排序外掛
安裝完成後，package.json檔案中會自動新增如下欄位
"stylelint": "^9.1.3", "stylelint-config-standard": "^18.2.0", "stylelint-order": "^0.8.1",
2、在根目錄下建立.stylelintrc配置檔案
{ "extends": "stylelint-config-standard", "plugins": ["stylelint-order"], "rules": { "order/order": [ "declarations", "custom-properties", "dollar-variables", "rules", "at-rules" ], "order/properties-order": [ "position", "z-index", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "float", "clear", "columns", "columns-width", "columns-count", "column-rule", "column-rule-width", "column-rule-style", "column-rule-color", "column-fill", "column-span", "column-gap", "display", "grid", "grid-template-rows", "grid-template-columns", "grid-template-areas", "grid-auto-rows", "grid-auto-columns", "grid-auto-flow", "grid-column-gap", "grid-row-gap", "grid-template", "grid-template-rows", "grid-template-columns", "grid-template-areas", "grid-gap", "grid-row-gap", "grid-column-gap", "grid-area", "grid-row-start", "grid-row-end", "grid-column-start", "grid-column-end", "grid-column", "grid-column-start", "grid-column-end", "grid-row", "grid-row-start", "grid-row-end", "flex", "flex-grow", "flex-shrink", "flex-basis", "flex-flow", "flex-direction", "flex-wrap", "justify-content", "align-content", "align-items", "align-self", "order", "table-layout", "empty-cells", "caption-side", "border-collapse", "border-spacing", "list-style", "list-style-type", "list-style-position", "list-style-image", "ruby-align", "ruby-merge", "ruby-position", "box-sizing", "width", "min-width", "max-width", "height", "min-height", "max-height", "padding", "padding-top", "padding-right", "padding-bottom", "padding-left", "margin", "margin-top", "margin-right", "margin-bottom", "margin-left", "border", "border-width", "border-top-width", "border-right-width", "border-bottom-width", "border-left-width", "border-style", "border-top-style", "border-right-style", "border-bottom-style", "border-left-style", "border-color", "border-top-color", "border-right-color", "border-bottom-color", "border-left-color", "border-image", "border-image-source", "border-image-slice", "border-image-width", "border-image-outset", "border-image-repeat", "border-top", "border-top-width", "border-top-style", "border-top-color", "border-top", "border-right-width", "border-right-style", "border-right-color", "border-bottom", "border-bottom-width", "border-bottom-style", "border-bottom-color", "border-left", "border-left-width", "border-left-style", "border-left-color", "border-radius", "border-top-right-radius", "border-bottom-right-radius", "border-bottom-left-radius", "border-top-left-radius", "outline", "outline-width", "outline-color", "outline-style", "outline-offset", "overflow", "overflow-x", "overflow-y", "resize", "visibility", "font", "font-style", "font-variant", "font-weight", "font-stretch", "font-size", "font-family", "font-synthesis", "font-size-adjust", "font-kerning", "line-height", "text-align", "text-align-last", "vertical-align", "text-overflow", "text-justify", "text-transform", "text-indent", "text-emphasis", "text-emphasis-style", "text-emphasis-color", "text-emphasis-position", "text-decoration", "text-decoration-color", "text-decoration-style", "text-decoration-line", "text-underline-position", "text-shadow", "white-space", "overflow-wrap", "word-wrap", "word-break", "line-break", "hyphens", "letter-spacing", "word-spacing", "quotes", "tab-size", "orphans", "writing-mode", "text-combine-upright", "unicode-bidi", "text-orientation", "direction", "text-rendering", "font-feature-settings", "font-language-override", "image-rendering", "image-orientation", "image-resolution", "shape-image-threshold", "shape-outside", "shape-margin", "color", "background", "background-image", "background-position", "background-size", "background-repeat", "background-origin", "background-clip", "background-attachment", "background-color", "background-blend-mode", "isolation", "clip-path", "mask", "mask-image", "mask-mode", "mask-position", "mask-size", "mask-repeat", "mask-origin", "mask-clip", "mask-composite", "mask-type", "filter", "box-shadow", "opacity", "transform-style", "transform", "transform-box", "transform-origin", "perspective", "perspective-origin", "backface-visibility", "transition", "transition-property", "transition-duration", "transition-timing-function", "transition-delay", "animation", "animation-name", "animation-duration", "animation-timing-function", "animation-delay", "animation-iteration-count", "animation-direction", "animation-fill-mode", "animation-play-state", "scroll-behavior", "scroll-snap-type", "scroll-snap-destination", "scroll-snap-coordinate", "cursor", "touch-action", "caret-color", "ime-mode", "object-fit", "object-position", "content", "counter-reset", "counter-increment", "will-change", "pointer-events", "all", "page-break-before", "page-break-after", "page-break-inside", "widows" ], "no-empty-source": null, "property-no-vendor-prefix": [true, {"ignoreProperties": ["background-clip"]}], "number-leading-zero": "never", "number-no-trailing-zeros": true, "length-zero-no-unit": true, "value-list-comma-space-after": "always", "declaration-colon-space-after": "always", "value-list-max-empty-lines": 0, "shorthand-property-no-redundant-values": true, "declaration-block-no-duplicate-properties": true, "declaration-block-no-redundant-longhand-properties": true, "declaration-block-semicolon-newline-after": "always", "block-closing-brace-newline-after": "always", "media-feature-colon-space-after": "always", "media-feature-range-operator-space-after": "always", "at-rule-name-space-after": "always", "indentation": 2, "no-eol-whitespace": true, "string-no-newline": null } }
3、使用stylelint驗證CSS程式碼即可，如驗證src目錄下的所有vue檔案
react
react中使用styled-components來書寫CSS程式碼，stylelint同樣提供了外掛來校驗CSS
1、安裝stylelint、stylelint-processor-styled-components、stylelint-config-styled-components、stylelint-config-recommend、stylelint-order
npm install --save-dev stylelint@9.1.3 npm install --save-dev stylelint-processor-styled-components npm install --save-dev stylelint-config-styled-components npm install --save-dev stylelint-config-recommended npm install --save-dev stylelint-order
注意： 由於stylelint更新到9.2版本後，導致styled-components中的CSS程式碼無法正常校驗，所以穩妥起見，使用9.1.3版本的stylelint
2、在根目錄下新建配置檔案.stylelintrc
{ "processors": ["stylelint-processor-styled-components"], "extends": [ "stylelint-config-recommended", "stylelint-config-styled-components" ], "plugins": ["stylelint-order"], "rules": { "order/order": [ "declarations", "custom-properties", "dollar-variables", "rules", "at-rules" ], ... }
3、同樣地，使用stylelint命令即可校驗
注意事項
1、fix命令
在stylelint的150多條規則中，使用fix命令，可以自動修復一些命令。但是，該fix命令一定要慎用。筆者在使用fix命令後，stylelint將React工程中的所有js檔案裡的程式碼全部清除，只留著了下可以識別的css部分
stylelint '**/*.js' --fix
2、配置scripts
可以在package.json中配置stylelint的快捷方式
"scripts": { "lintcss": "stylelint 'src/**/*.js'" }
這樣，使用npm run lintcss 命令即可實現相同效果
3、如果提示如下錯誤
Error: No configuration provided for
是因為在根路徑下沒有發現配置檔案，如.stylelintrc