ThreadPoolExecutor類實現了ExecutorService介面和Executor介面,可以設定執行緒池corePoolSize,最大執行緒池大小,AliveTime,拒絕策略等。常用構造方法:
ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
corePoolSize: 執行緒池維護執行緒的最少數量
maximumPoolSize:執行緒池維護執行緒的最大數量
keepAliveTime: 執行緒池維護執行緒所允許的空閒時間
unit: 執行緒池維護執行緒所允許的空閒時間的單位
workQueue: 執行緒池所使用的緩衝佇列
handler: 執行緒池對拒絕任務的處理策略
當一個任務通過execute(Runnable)方法欲新增到執行緒池時:
l 如果此時執行緒池中的數量小於corePoolSize,即使執行緒池中的執行緒都處於空閒狀態,也要建立新的執行緒來處理被新增的任務。
2 如果此時執行緒池中的數量等於 corePoolSize,但是緩衝佇列 workQueue未滿,那麼任務被放入緩衝佇列。
3 如果此時執行緒池中的數量大於corePoolSize,緩衝佇列workQueue滿,並且執行緒池中的數量小於maximumPoolSize,建新的執行緒來處理被新增的任務。
4 如果此時執行緒池中的數量大於corePoolSize,緩衝佇列workQueue滿,並且執行緒池中的數量等於maximumPoolSize,那麼通過 handler所指定的策略來處理此任務。也就是:處理任務的優先順序為:核心執行緒corePoolSize、任務佇列workQueue、最大執行緒maximumPoolSize,如果三者都滿了,使用handler處理被拒絕的任務。
當執行緒池中的執行緒數量大於 corePoolSize時,如果某執行緒空閒時間超過keepAliveTime,執行緒將被終止。這樣,執行緒池可以動態的調整池中的執行緒數。
handler有四個選擇:
ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
丟擲java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException異常 ,示例如下:
private static class Worker implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { int corePoolSize = 5; int maxPoolSize = 10; long keepAliveTime = 5; BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10); //拒絕策略1:將丟擲 RejectedExecutionException. RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor (corePoolSize, maxPoolSize, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, queue, handler); for(int i=0; i<100; i++) { executor.execute(new Worker()); } executor.shutdown(); } |
執行結果如下:
pool-1-thread-2 is running
pool-1-thread-3 is running
Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
pool-1-thread-1 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-6 is running
pool-1-thread-4 is running
pool-1-thread-9 is running
pool-1-thread-8 is running
pool-1-thread-5 is running
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1760)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:767)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:658)
at concurrent.ThreadPoolDemo.main(ThreadPoolDemo.java:33)
pool-1-thread-10 is running
處理原始碼如下:
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { throw new RejectedExecutionException(); } |
策略2:ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy
用於被拒絕任務的處理程式,它直接在 execute 方法的呼叫執行緒中執行被拒絕的任務;如果執行程式已關閉,則會丟棄該任務。如下:
RejectedExecutionHandler handler =
new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();
執行如下:
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-2 is running
pool-1-thread-3 is running
pool-1-thread-1 is running
pool-1-thread-8 is running
main is running
main is running
main is running
pool-1-thread-4 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
處理原始碼如下:
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { if (!e.isShutdown()) { r.run(); } } |
策略3:
RejectedExecutionHandler handler =
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();
這樣執行結果就不會有100個執行緒全部被執行。處理原始碼如下:
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { if (!e.isShutdown()) { e.getQueue().poll(); e.execute(r); } } |
策略4:ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy
用於被拒絕任務的處理程式,預設情況下它將丟棄被拒絕的任務。
執行結果也不會全部執行100個執行緒。
原始碼如下,實際就是對執行緒不執行操作:
public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler { /** * Creates a <tt>DiscardPolicy</tt>. */ public DiscardPolicy() { }
/** * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r. * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task */ public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { } } |
這四種策略是獨立無關的,是對任務拒絕處理的四中表現形式。最簡單的方式就是直接丟棄任務。但是卻有兩種方式,到底是該丟棄哪一個任務,比如可以丟棄當前將要加入佇列的任務本身(DiscardPolicy)或者丟棄任務佇列中最舊任務(DiscardOldestPolicy)。丟棄最舊任務也不是簡單的丟棄最舊的任務,而是有一些額外的處理。除了丟棄任務還可以直接丟擲一個異常(RejectedExecutionException),這是比較簡單的方式。丟擲異常的方式(AbortPolicy)儘管實現方式比較簡單,但是由於丟擲一個RuntimeException,因此會中斷呼叫者的處理過程。除了丟擲異常以外還可以不進入執行緒池執行,在這種方式(CallerRunsPolicy)中任務將有呼叫者執行緒去執行。