Android View 的工作原理

文章主要參考書籍《Android 開發藝術探索》(任玉剛 著)，與書籍主要區別：

• 原始碼基於 Android 19，Android 版本變化導致的變化會標註說明
• 追加大量流程圖，原始碼追加更詳細註釋，以方便理解與記憶
• 擴充套件了一些書籍上未說明的原始碼、流程說明

前言

View 的三大流程：測量流程(mesure)、佈局流程(layout)、繪製流程(draw)

目錄

• 一、初識 ViewRootImpl 和 PhoneWindow.DecorView
  
• 二、理解 View.MeasureSpec
• 小總結
• MeasureSpec 格式
• MeasureSpec 和 ViewGroup.LayoutParams 關係
• MeasureSpec 計算的流程與結果
• DecorView 的 MeasureSpec 計算原始碼分析
• View 的 MeasureSpec 計算原始碼分析
  
• 三、View 的 measure 過程
• 小總結
• 相關 API
• 從 DecorView 到 View 的 measure 原理分析
• ViewGroup 的 measure 原理分析
• View 的 measure 原理分析
• 在 Activity 生命週期中獲取測量結果解決方案
  
• 四、View 的 layout 過程
• 小總結
• 相關 API
• 從 DecorView 到 View 的 layout 原理分析
• View 的 layout 原理分析
  
• 五、View 的 draw 過程
• 小總結
• 相關 API
• 從 DecorView 到 View 的 draw 原理分析
• View 的 draw 原理分析
• ViewGroup 的 draw 原理分析

一、初識 ViewRootImpl 和 PhoneWindow.DecorView

DecorView 作為頂級 View，它繼承自 FrameLayout，View 層的事件都記過 DecorView，然後才傳遞給 View

ViewRootImpl：View 階級的最高階，View 的三大流程均由它實現，是連線 WindowManager 和 DecorView 的紐帶，主要實現 View 與 WindowManager 之間的協議，可參考 WindowManagerGlobal。ViewRootImpl官方釋義如下：

/**
 * The top of a view hierarchy, implementing the needed protocol between View
 * and the WindowManager.  This is for the most part an internal implementation
 * detail of {@link WindowManagerGlobal}.
 */
public final class ViewRootImpl implements ...
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ActivityThread 中，當 Activity 建立完畢後，會將 DecorView 新增到 Window 中，同時建立 ViewRootImpl 物件，並將 ViewRootImpl 與 DecorView 建立關聯

/**
 * WindowManagerGlobal 類
 */
public void addView(View, ViewGroup.LayoutParams, Display, Window) {
    ...
    root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
    ...
    root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
    ...
}
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View 繪製從 ViewRootImpl.performTraversals() 開始，依次完成測量流程(mesure)、佈局流程(layout)、繪製流程(draw)。流程圖如下：

/**
 * ViewRootImpl 類
 */
private void performTraversals() {
    /**
     * 引數說明
     * mWidth, mHeight: 視窗有效尺寸
     * lp: 視窗布局引數
     * desiredWindowWidth: 視窗尺寸
     * desiredWindowHeight: 視窗尺寸
     */

     ...
    // 獲取根 View 的 MeasureSpec，並執行測量流程
    int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
    int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
    performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

    ...
    // 佈局流程
    performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);

    ...
    // 繪製流程
    performDraw();
    ...
}
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• 測量過程[performMeasure()]完成後，View 高寬就測量完畢，在幾乎所有情況下，它都等於 View 的最終高寬
• 佈局過程[performLayout()]決定了 View 的四個頂點的座標，以及 View 的實際高寬
• 繪製過程[performDraw()]決定了 View 的內容顯示

二、理解 View.MeasureSpec

小總結

• MeasureSpec 是 Android 系統用來測量 View 的高寬的引數
• 對於 DecorView，其 MeasureSpec 由視窗的尺寸和其自身的 LayoutParams 共同確定
• 對於普通 View，其 MeasureSpec 有父容器的 MeasureSpec 和自身 LayoutParams 共同確定

1. 相關 API

獲取計算結果：

• int getMode(int)
• int getSize(int)

2. MeasureSpec 格式

MeasureSpec 是32位 int 值，高2位表示 SpecMode，低30位表示 SpecSize

• SpecMode：指測量模式，有三類：UNSPECIFIED、EXACTLY、AT_MOST
• SpecSize：值在某個測量模式下的規格大小
• UNSPECIFIED：未註明的，意思是父容器對 View 不做任何限制，要多大給多大，一般用於系統內部
• EXACTLY：精確的，意思是明確 View 大小值，對應 LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT 和具體數值這兩種模式
• AT_MOST：至多的，意思是 View 的大小值根據具體實現，但不能超過該值，對應 LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT

/**
 * MeasureSpec 類
 */
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
    if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
        return size + mode;
    } else {
        return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
    }
}

public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
    return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}

public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
   return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
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3. MeasureSpec 和 ViewGroup.LayoutParams 關係

在 View 測量的時候，系統會將 View 的 LayoutParams 根據***父容器所施加的約束***轉換成對應的 MeasureSpec，然後***根據這個 MeasureSpec 來測量 View 的高寬***

4. MeasureSpec 計算的流程與結果

DecorView、View 的 MeasureSpec 計算流程，分別如下：

DecorView、View 的 MeasureSpec 計算結果表，分別如下：

5. DecorView 的 MeasureSpec 原始碼分析

/**
 * ViewRootImpl 類
 */
/**
 * @param lp WindowManager.LayoutParams, 視窗布局引數
 * @param desiredWindowWidth int, 視窗尺寸
 * @param desiredWindowHeight int, 視窗尺寸
 */
private boolean measureHierarchy(...) {
    ...
    childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
    childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
    performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    ...
}

/**
 * @param windowSize 視窗有效尺寸
 * @param rootDimension 視窗的佈局引數尺寸
 * @return 根 View(DecorView) 的 MeasureSpec
 */
 /**
 * 官方釋義
 * @param windowSize The available width or height of the window
 * @param rootDimension The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the window
 * @return The measure spec to use to measure the root view
 */
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
    int measureSpec;
    switch (rootDimension) {
    case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        break;
    case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        break;
    default:
        measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
        break;
    }
    return measureSpec;
}
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6. View 的 MeasureSpec 計算原始碼分析

/**
 * ViewGroup 類
 */
/**
 * @param child 子 View
 * @param parentWidthMeasureSpec 父容器寬度
 * @param widthUsed 額外使用尺寸
 * @param parentHeightMeasureSpec 父容器高度
 * @param heightUsed 額外使用尺寸
 */
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View, int, int, int, int) {
    final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(
            parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin + widthUsed,
            lp.width);
    final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(
            parentHeightMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + heightUsed,
            lp.height);

    child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

/**
 * @param spec 父容器尺寸
 * @param padding 補白區尺寸
 * @param childDimension View 尺寸
 */
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
    int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

    int resultSize = 0;
    int resultMode = 0;

    switch (specMode) {
    case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        }
        break;
    case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            resultSize = size;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
        }
        break;
    case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
        if (childDimension >= 0) {
            resultSize = childDimension;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
            resultSize = 0;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
        } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            resultSize = 0;
            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        break;
    }
    return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
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三、View 的 measure 過程

小總結

• View.measure() 是 final 修飾的，所以無論是 View，ViewGroup 都不無法重寫該方法，但 measure() 會呼叫 onMeasure()，所以可通過重寫 onMeasure()，完成自定義控制元件的測量
• 直接繼承 View 的自定義控制元件需要重寫 onMeasure() 並計算 WRAP_CONTENT 時的高寬，否則 WRAP_CONTENT 和 MATCH_PARENT 效果相同
• ViewGroup 自身是沒有重寫 onMeasure() 的，原因是不同的 ViewGroup 子類是有不同的佈局特性。所以直接繼承 ViewGroup 的自定義控制元件需要重寫 onMeasure()

1. 相關 API

獲取測量結果：

• int getMeasuredWidth()
• int getMeasuredHeight()

測量相關方法：

• void setMeasuredDimension(int, int)

• int getPaddingLeft()

• int getPaddingTop()

• int getPaddingRight()

• int getPaddingBottom()

• int getPaddingStart()

• int getPaddingEnd()

• setPadding(int left, int top, int right, int bottom)

• ViewParent getParent()

2. 從 DecorView 到 View 的 measure 原理分析

/**
 * ViewRootImpl 類
 */
private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
    try {
        mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
}

/**
 * View 類
 */
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    ...
    onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    ...
}

/**
 * ViewGroup 類，見標題【MeasureSpec 和 LayoutParams 關係】
 */
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View, int, int, int, int) {
    ...
}
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• measure() 是 final 修飾的，所以無論是 View，ViewGroup 都無法重寫該方法

3. ViewGroup 的 measure 原理分析

• ViewGroup 自身是沒有重寫 onMeasure() 的，原因是不同的 ViewGroup 子類是有不同的佈局特性

/**
 * ViewGroup 類
 */
/**
 * @param widthMeasureSpec ViewGroup 寬度
 * @param heightMeasureSpec ViewGroup 高度
 */
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    final int size = mChildrenCount;
    final View[] children = mChildren;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        final View child = children[i];
        if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
            measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * @param child 子 View 的 MeasureSpec
 * @param parentWidthMeasureSpec ViewGroup 寬度
 * @param parentHeightMeasureSpec ViewGroup 高度
 */
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
    final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(
            parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight,
            lp.width);
    final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(
            parentHeightMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom,
            lp.height);

    child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

/**
 * 見標題【2.4. MeasureSpec 計算】
 */
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View, int, int, int, int) {
    ...
}
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4. View 的 measure 原理分析

/**
 * View 類
 */
/**
 * @param widthMeasureSpec 寬度 MeasureSpec
 * @param heightMeasureSpec 高度 MeasureSpec
 */
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(
            getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
            getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}

/**
 * @param size 預設大小
 * @param measureSpec 父容器約束
 * @return View 測量後的 MeasureSpec
 */
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
    int result = size;
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

    switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
    }
    return result;
}

/**
 * mBackground: Drawable 物件
 * mMinWidth: 對應 android.minWidth 屬性
 * getMinimumWidth(): Drawable 物件的原始寬度
 */
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
    return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}

protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
    return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
}

/**
 * Drawable 類
 */
public int getMinimumWidth() {
    final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
    return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
}

public int getMinimumHeight() {
    final int intrinsicHeight = getIntrinsicHeight();
    return intrinsicHeight > 0 ? intrinsicHeight : 0;
}
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5. 在 Activity 生命週期中獲取測量結果解決方案

由於 View 的 measure 過程與 Activity 生命週期不同步，所以在 Activity 生命週期中直接獲取測量結果會有問題，解決方案有以下幾種：
方法一：

@Override
public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
    super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
    if (hasFocus) {
        int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
        int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
    }
}
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方法二：通過 post() 將訊息投遞到訊息佇列尾部，當 Looper 呼叫該訊息時，View 已經初始化好了

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();

    view.post(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
            int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
        }
    });
}
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方法三：

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();

    ViewTreeObserver observer = view.getViewTreeObserver();
    observer.addOnGlobalFocusChangeListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalFocusChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onGlobalFocusChanged(View oldFocus, View newFocus) {
            view.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalFocusChangeListener(this);
            int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
            int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
        }
    });
}
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方法四：不推薦，原因是 View 為 MATCH_PARENT 時，不可用

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();

    // View 為 WRAP_CONTENT 時
    int widthMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec((1 << 30) - 1, View.MeasureSpec.AT_MOST); // 取最大值
    int heghtMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
    view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, getMinimumHeight());
    int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
    int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();

    // View 為 dp / px 時，假設高寬依次是100px，200px
    int widthMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(100, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
    int heghtMeasureSpec = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(200, View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
    view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, getMinimumHeight());
    int width = view.getMeasuredWidth();
    int height = view.getMeasuredHeight();
}
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四、View 的 layout 過程

小總結

• 與 measure 過程原因類似，直接繼承 ViewGroup 的自定義控制元件需要重寫 onLayout()

1. 相關 API

獲取佈局結果：

• getTop()
• getBottom()
• getLeft()
• getRight()
• getWidth()
• getHeight()

2. 從 DecorView 到 View 的 layout 原理分析

/**
 * ViewRootImpl 類
 */
private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth, int desiredWindowHeight) {
    mLayoutRequested = false;
    mScrollMayChange = true;
    mInLayout = true;

    final View host = mView;
    ...

    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "layout");
    try {
        host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());

        mInLayout = false;
        int numViewsRequestingLayout = mLayoutRequesters.size();
        if (numViewsRequestingLayout > 0) {
            // requestLayout() was called during layout.
            // If no layout-request flags are set on the requesting views, there is no problem.
            // If some requests are still pending, then we need to clear those flags and do
            // a full request/measure/layout pass to handle this situation.
            ArrayList<View> validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters, false);
            if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
                ...
                host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
                ...
            }
        }
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
    mInLayout = false;
}


/**
 * ViewGroup 類
 */
public final void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    if (!mSuppressLayout && (mTransition == null || !mTransition.isChangingLayout())) {
        if (mTransition != null) {
            mTransition.layoutChange(this);
        }
        super.layout(l, t, r, b);
    } else {
        // record the fact that we noop`d it; request layout when transition finishes
        mLayoutCalledWhileSuppressed = true;
    }
}

/**
 * View 類
 */
/**
 * 見下述【普通View的layout原理】
 */
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    ...
}

/**
 * FrameLayout 類
 */
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    layoutChildren(left, top, right, bottom, false /* no force left gravity */);
}

void layoutChildren(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, boolean forceLeftGravity) {
    ...
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = getChildAt(i);
        if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
            ...
            child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childLeft + width, childTop + height);
        }
    }
}

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3. View 的 layout 原理分析

• 無論是 View 還是 ViewGroup 的 onLayout() 都是未定義，所以直接繼承 ViewGroup 的自定義控制元件需要重寫 onLayout()

/**
 * View 類
 */
/**
 * @param Left/Top：與父容器的相對偏移量
 * @param Right/Bottom: measure() 後與父容器的相對偏移量
 */
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    ...

    // 確定當前 View 的大小與相對父容器的位置
    boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ? setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

    // 呼叫 onLayout(...)
    if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
        onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
        ...
    }

    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
    mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
}

/**
 * true: 當前 View（注意此處為父容器）是 ViewGroup，且模式為 LAYOUT_MODE_OPTICAL_BOUNDS
 * ViewGroup 模式有兩種：
 * LAYOUT_MODE_CLIP_BOUNDS：預設模式，表示邊界未加工的
 * LAYOUT_MODE_OPTICAL_BOUNDS：大體含義是支援特效，如陰影、暖色、冷色
 */
public static boolean isLayoutModeOptical(Object o) {
    return o instanceof ViewGroup && ((ViewGroup) o).isLayoutModeOptical();
}

/**
 * 設定 ViewGroup 為 LAYOUT_MODE_OPTICAL_BOUNDS 時，當前 ViewGroup 的位置
 */
private boolean setOpticalFrame(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    ...
    return setFrame(...);
}

/**
 * Assign a size and position to this view.
 * 指定當前 View 的大小與相對父容器的位置
 */
protected boolean setFrame(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    ...
}

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
}


protected abstract void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b);
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五、View 的 draw 過程

小總結

• 有顯示內容的自定義控制元件需要重寫 onDraw(Canvas)，以便繪製自身的顯示內容

1. 相關 API

無

2. 從 DecorView 到 View 的 draw 原理分析

• 由於原始碼過於複雜，並且設計到硬體渲染，故上述流程僅供參考，下述貼出部分原始碼，詳細過程見 Android 原始碼

/**
 * ViewRootImpl 類
 */
private void performDraw() {
    if (!mAttachInfo.mScreenOn && !mReportNextDraw) {
        return;
    }

    final boolean fullRedrawNeeded = mFullRedrawNeeded;
    mFullRedrawNeeded = false;

    mIsDrawing = true;
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "draw");
    try {
        draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
    } finally {
        mIsDrawing = false;
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
    ...
}

private void draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
    ...

    if (!sFirstDrawComplete) {
        synchronized (sFirstDrawHandlers) {
            sFirstDrawComplete = true;
            final int count = sFirstDrawHandlers.size();
            for (int i = 0; i< count; i++) {
                mHandler.post(sFirstDrawHandlers.get(i));
            }
        }
    }

    scrollToRectOrFocus(null, false);

    ...

    final Rect dirty = mDirty;
    ...

    if (!dirty.isEmpty() || mIsAnimating) {
        if (attachInfo.mHardwareRenderer != null && attachInfo.mHardwareRenderer.isEnabled()) {
            // Draw with hardware renderer.
            ...

            attachInfo.mHardwareRenderer.draw(mView, attachInfo, this, animating ? null : mCurrentDirty);
        } else {
            // If we get here with a disabled & requested hardware renderer, something went
            // wrong (an invalidate posted right before we destroyed the hardware surface
            // for instance) so we should just bail out. Locking the surface with software
            // rendering at this point would lock it forever and prevent hardware renderer
            // from doing its job when it comes back.
            // Before we request a new frame we must however attempt to reinitiliaze the
            // hardware renderer if it`s in requested state. This would happen after an
            // eglTerminate() for instance.

            ...

            if (!drawSoftware(surface, attachInfo, yoff, scalingRequired, dirty)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    if (animating) {
        mFullRedrawNeeded = true;
        scheduleTraversals();
    }
}

private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int yoff, boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty) {
    // Draw with software renderer.
    Canvas canvas;
    ...

    try {
        ...

        try {
            ...

            mView.draw(canvas);

            drawAccessibilityFocusedDrawableIfNeeded(canvas);
        } finally {
            if (!attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState) {
                // Only clear the flag if it was not set during the mView.draw() call
                attachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = false;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        ...
    }
    return true;
}

/**
 * DecorView 類
 */
private Drawable mMenuBackground;

@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    super.draw(canvas);

    if (mMenuBackground != null) {
        mMenuBackground.draw(canvas);
    }
}

/**
 * ViewGroup 類
 */
@Override
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
	...
	for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
		while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
			final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
			if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
					transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
				more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
			}
			transientIndex++;
			if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
				transientIndex = -1;
			}
		}

		final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(childrenCount, i, customOrder);
		final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
		if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
			more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
		}
	}
	...
}

protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
	return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}

/**
 * View 類
 */
/**
 * 見下述【普通View的draw原理】
 */
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    ...
}
複製程式碼

3. View 的 draw 原理分析

• 繪製背景：Android 19 採用上述原始碼中的程式碼塊實現。Android 21 則通過 drawBackground(Canvas) 實現

/**
 * 繪製步驟：
 * 1. 繪製背景
 * 2. 如果需要，在做淡入淡出處理前儲存畫布圖層？？？（？？？：不確定，下同）
 * 3. 繪製 View 內容
 * 4. 繪製子 View 的內容
 * 5. 如果需要，繪製淡入淡出邊界和恢復圖層？？？
 * 6. 繪製附加內容，如滾輪等
 *
 * 官方釋義：
 * 1. Draw the background
 * 2. If necessary, save the canvas` layers to prepare for fading
 * 3. Draw view`s content
 * 4. Draw children
 * 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
 * 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
 */
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    // 調整當前畫布的邊界？？？
    if (mClipBounds != null) {
        canvas.clipRect(mClipBounds);
    }
    // dirtyOpaque：true，透明
    final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
    final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
            (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
    mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

    // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
    int saveCount;
    if (!dirtyOpaque) {
        final Drawable background = mBackground;
        if (background != null) {
            final int scrollX = mScrollX;
            final int scrollY = mScrollY;

            if (mBackgroundSizeChanged) {
                background.setBounds(0, 0,  mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
                mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
            }

            if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
                background.draw(canvas);
            } else {
                canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
                background.draw(canvas);
                canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
            }
        }
    }

    // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
    final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
    boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
    boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
    if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
        // Step 3, draw the content
        if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

        // Step 4, draw the children
        dispatchDraw(canvas);

        // Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
        onDrawScrollBars(canvas);

        if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
            mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
        }

        // we`re done...
        return;
    }

    // 透明佈局處理，貌似做了一些優化？？？
    ...
}
複製程式碼

4. ViewGroup 的 draw 原理分析

• 由於該部分涉及的原始碼複雜程度高，故上述流程僅供參考，下述貼出部分原始碼，詳細過程見 Android 原始碼
• 由於該部分涉及的原始碼複雜程度高，所以基本只體現關鍵方法，其他則簡要說明，請對照 Android 原始碼檢視

/**
 * ViewGroup
 */
@Override
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    final int count = mChildrenCount;
    final View[] children = mChildren;
    int flags = mGroupFlags;

    // 動畫執行前準備：建立所有子 View 的繪製內容快取、觸發動畫開始事件
    if ((flags & FLAG_RUN_ANIMATION) != 0 && canAnimate()) {
        ...

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = children[i];
            ...
            child.buildDrawingCache(true);
        }

        ...

        if (mAnimationListener != null) {
            mAnimationListener.onAnimationStart(controller.getAnimation());
        }
    }

    // 調整 padding：現場保護
    int saveCount = 0;
    final boolean clipToPadding = (flags & CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) == CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK;
    if (clipToPadding) {
        saveCount = canvas.save();
        canvas.clipRect(mScrollX + mPaddingLeft, mScrollY + mPaddingTop,
                mScrollX + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight,
                mScrollY + mBottom - mTop - mPaddingBottom);

    }

    // 繪製子 View 內容，並執行動畫效果
    // We will draw our child`s animation, let`s reset the flag
    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION;
    mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED;

    boolean more = false;
    final long drawingTime = getDrawingTime();

    /* 是否按指定順序繪製子 View 的內容 */
    if ((flags & FLAG_USE_CHILD_DRAWING_ORDER) == 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = children[i];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
                more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = children[getChildDrawingOrder(count, i)];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
                more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
            }
        }
    }

    // 繪製隱藏子 View 的內容
    // Draw any disappearing views that have animations
    if (mDisappearingChildren != null) {
        final ArrayList<View> disappearingChildren = mDisappearingChildren;
        final int disappearingCount = disappearingChildren.size() - 1;
        // Go backwards -- we may delete as animations finish
        for (int i = disappearingCount; i >= 0; i--) {
            final View child = disappearingChildren.get(i);
            more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
        }
    }

    ...

    // 調整 padding：現場還原
    if (clipToPadding) {
        canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
    }

    // 狀態標識等更新，並觸發動畫結束事件
    // mGroupFlags might have been updated by drawChild()
    flags = mGroupFlags;

    if ((flags & FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED) == FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED) {
        invalidate(true);
    }

    if ((flags & FLAG_ANIMATION_DONE) == 0 && (flags & FLAG_NOTIFY_ANIMATION_LISTENER) == 0 &&
            mLayoutAnimationController.isDone() && !more) {
        // We want to erase the drawing cache and notify the listener after the
        // next frame is drawn because one extra invalidate() is caused by
        // drawChild() after the animation is over
        mGroupFlags |= FLAG_NOTIFY_ANIMATION_LISTENER;
        final Runnable end = new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                notifyAnimationListener();
            }
        };
        post(end);
    }
}

/**
 * 繪製 View 內容，並執行動畫效果
 */
protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
    return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}

/**
 * View 類
 */
/**
 * 該方法只能通過 ViewGroup.drawChild() 呼叫
 */
boolean draw(Canvas canvas, ViewGroup parent, long drawingTime) {
    ...

    // 動畫執行
    final Animation a = getAnimation();
    if (a != null) {
        more = drawAnimation(parent, drawingTime, a, scalingRequired);
        ...
    } else {
        ...
    }
    ...

    // 顯示內容準備
    DisplayList displayList = null;
    Bitmap cache = null;
    boolean hasDisplayList = false;
    if (caching) {
        ...
        hasDisplayList = canHaveDisplayList();
        ...
        cache = getDrawingCache(true);
        ...
    }
    ...
    displayList = getDisplayList();
    ...

    final boolean hasNoCache = cache == null || hasDisplayList;
    final boolean offsetForScroll = cache == null && !hasDisplayList &&
            layerType != LAYER_TYPE_HARDWARE;

    // 畫布調整
    ...
    restoreTo = canvas.save();
    ...
    canvas.translate(mLeft - sx, mTop - sy);
    ...
    canvas.clipRect(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
    ...

    // 繪製 View 內容
    if (hasNoCache) {
        boolean layerRendered = false;
        ...

        if (!layerRendered) {
            if (!hasDisplayList) {
                // Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                    dispatchDraw(canvas);
                } else {
                    draw(canvas);
                }
            } else {
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                ((HardwareCanvas) canvas).drawDisplayList(displayList, null, flags);
            }
        }
    } else if (cache != null) {
        ...
        canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, cachePaint);
    }

    // 畫布調整：現場還原
    if (restoreTo >= 0) {
        canvas.restoreToCount(restoreTo);
    }

    // 狀態標識等更新，結束動畫效果
    if (a != null && !more) {
        if (!hardwareAccelerated && !a.getFillAfter()) {
            onSetAlpha(255);
        }
        parent.finishAnimatingView(this, a);
    }

    if (more && hardwareAccelerated) {
        if (a.hasAlpha() && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_ALPHA_SET) == PFLAG_ALPHA_SET) {
            // alpha animations should cause the child to recreate its display list
            invalidate(true);
        }
    }

    mRecreateDisplayList = false;

    return more;
}
複製程式碼

參考

• 《Android 開發藝術探索》(任玉剛 著) 第四章 View 的工作原理
• Android 19 原始碼（主要）
• Android 21 原始碼

修訂時間

• 2017-11-28：初稿
• 2017-11-29：追加目錄
• 2018-12-06：發現流程圖有些不好看懂，尷尬，更換了流程圖，另外補充了些內容，主要是追加 FrameLayout 的原始碼

宣告

限於作者水平有限，出錯難免，請積極拍磚！
歡迎任何形式的轉載，轉載請保留本文原文連結：juejin.im/post/5c07a6…

結言

花了 N 久的時間把這篇部落格給寫完了。以後複習或繼續深入理解 View 工作原理也輕鬆了許多。

該篇部落格主要以流程以及原始碼註釋來說明 View 工作原理。論文字描述的詳細程度要比任大大的《Android 開發藝術探索》要簡略許多，比較不容易閱讀。所以還是推薦大家閱讀任大大的《Android 開發藝術探索》。

另外，CSDN 居然無故把我的賬戶給封了，無語啊。沒奈何，只好把部落格搬到稀土掘金上了