8天入門docker系列 —— 第五天 使用aspnetcore小案例熟悉容器互聯和docker-compose一鍵部署

一線碼農發表於2019-02-22

 

  這一篇繼續完善webnotebook,如果你讀過上一篇的內容,你應該知道怎麼去掛載webnotebook日誌和容器的遠端訪問,但是這些還遠不夠,webnotebook

總要和一些資料庫打交道吧,比如說mysql,mongodb,redis,通常情況下這些儲存裝置要麼是以容器的方式承載,要麼是由DBA在非容器環境下統一管理。

 

一:webnotebook連線容器redis

       我們做一個小案例,把網站的所有PV記錄到redis中,webnotebook前端顯示當前你是 xxx 位使用者,案例不重要,重要的是怎麼去實現容器互聯。

 

      在docker hub 上去找redis的官方映象,具體redis該如何合理配置這裡我就不管了,用最簡單的一條docker run 跑起來再說。

[root@localhost data]# docker run --name some-redis -d redis
Unable to find image 'redis:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/redis
6ae821421a7d: Pull complete 
e3717477b42d: Pull complete 
8e70bf6cc2e6: Pull complete 
0f84ab76ce60: Pull complete 
0903bdecada2: Pull complete 
492876061fbd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:dd5b84ce536dffdcab79024f4df5485d010affa09e6c399b215e199a0dca38c4
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
ed07890700a5cdb7d737a196c28009a9d1b08de35f55d51f53c80e6cfe6ba199
[root@localhost data]# 
[root@localhost data]# 
[root@localhost data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ed07890700a5        redis               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   6379/tcp            some-redis

    

    接下來安裝 StackExchange.Redis,在Index這個Action中將當前的訪問作為一個PV記錄到redis中,不過下面的程式碼要注意一點的就是,為了去訪問redis,

這裡我採用了redis.webnotebook.com 去對映到redis容器的ip,對映關係可以在建立容器的時候自動追加到 /etc/hosts 中,每一次訪問都執行一次Increment自

增操作。

   public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public static Logger logger = LogManager.GetLogger("SimpleDemo");
        public static ConnectionMultiplexer redis = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect("redis.webnotebook.com:6379");

        /// <summary>
        /// 讀取mongodb資料資料
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            var db = redis.GetDatabase();

            var num = db.StringIncrement("count");

            ViewData["num"] = num;

            return View();
        }
    }

   

     在UI上,展示下你當前是多少位訪客,就是這樣。

<div class="text-center">
    <h1 class="display-4">您是當前 @ViewData["num"]  位訪客</h1>
    <p>Learn about <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/aspnet/core">building Web apps with ASP.NET Core</a>.</p>
</div>

     

     然後你就可以docker build,完了之後docker run時通過 --link  some-redis:redis.webnotebook.com  去指定一下就好了,some-redis是redis容器的名字,

redis.webnotebook.com 是這個some-redis別名,這樣就方便的實現了 redis.webnotebook.com和容器ip的對映關係。

[root@localhost publish]# docker run -d --name webnotebook -p 8080:8080 --link some-redis:redis.webnotebook.com huangxincheng/webnotebook:v1
b931e040de26c4bfc0b49cbc8e626cdcb30ad9bdff523f623c0a2d6c50899a81
[root@localhost publish]# 
[root@localhost publish]# 
[root@localhost publish]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
b931e040de26        huangxincheng/webnotebook:v1   "dotnet WebNotebook.…"   2 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   webnotebook
ed07890700a5        redis                          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   27 minutes ago      Up 27 minutes       6379/tcp                 some-redis

       有些人可能就好奇了,到底webnotebook容器內的/etc/hosts真的修改了嗎? 接下來你可以通過 docker exec 到webnotebook容器去看一下就好啦,

從下面標紅的地方可以看到,172.17.0.2 已經和 xxx.com 做了對映。

[root@localhost publish]# docker exec -it webnotebook /bin/bash
root@b931e040de26:/data# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
ff00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1    ip6-allnodes
ff02::2    ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2    redis.webnotebook.com ed07890700a5 some-redis
172.17.0.3    b931e040de26
root@b931e040de26:/data# 

 

     回到文章開頭的問題,如果redis是在遠端宿主機上部署的,那我的webnotebook容器該怎麼訪問呢?你可能會說,直接通過ip訪問即可,但是為了保持

統一性,我還是希望通過redis.webnotebook.com 這個域名進行訪問,也就是說怎麼去把這個對映關係追加到容器中呢?可以使用-- add-host來實現。

[root@localhost publish]#  docker run -d --name webnotebook -p 8080:8080 --add-host redis.webnotebook.com:172.17.0.2 huangxincheng/webnotebook:v1
91e7d9c1b575cc34ae98eebfc437d081b852f450104e2b368f898299852b0f18
[root@localhost publish]# docker exec -it webnotebook /bin/bash
root@91e7d9c1b575:/data# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
ff00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1    ip6-allnodes
ff02::2    ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2    redis.webnotebook.com
172.17.0.3    91e7d9c1b575
root@91e7d9c1b575:/data# 

   

二:docker-compose 容器編排

      目前我們僅引入了redis,這樣有了兩個容器,但隨著業務的增加,你可能還需要mysql,ssdb,rabbitmq,nginx等服務,而docker建議的就是一個容器

一個程式,那為了能順利承載這些服務,你可能需要部署6個容器,如果你還是按照老一套的方法一個一個的去部署,操作起來就比較亂,有沒有一種方式可

以讓docker自動幫我們一鍵部署好這些容器呢? 就好像dockerfile那樣自動化部署,當然有了,那就是docker-compose 容器編排。

 

1. 安裝

    官網地址:https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/#install-compose  然後按照步驟一步一步來就好了,最後通過docker-compose --version 看一下即可。

[root@localhost publish]# sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.23.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost publish]# sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost publish]# docker-compose --version
docker-compose version 1.22.0, build f46880fe
[root@localhost publish]#

 

2. 編寫docker-compose 

    docker-compose的所有命令都在 https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/  上面找得到,如果有興趣可以檢視一下。

version: '3.0'
services:
  webnotebook:
    container_name: webnotebook
    build: 
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./Dockerfile
    depends_on:
      - redis
    links:
      - "redis:redis.webnotebook.com"
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
  redis:
   container_name: some-redis
   image: redis

 

   上面的配置看起來不難吧,如果不知道引數的意思,還是那句話,檢視官方文件, 最後你可以使用 docker-compose up --build 跑起來,或者使用 -d 引數

進行後臺執行。

[root@localhost publish]# docker-compose up --build
Building webnotebook
Step 1/9 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:2.2-aspnetcore-runtime
 ---> dad26d192ae6
Step 2/9 : ENV TZ Asia/Shanghai
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 72535a350c5d
Step 3/9 : LABEL author hxc@qq.com
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d4dcb4ba06aa
Step 4/9 : RUN mkdir /data
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6bbfc1537e42
Step 5/9 : COPY ./ /data
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5401b74ec21f
Step 6/9 : WORKDIR /data
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d93e7949b527
Step 7/9 : VOLUME /data/log
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 39c4285c6d6c
Step 8/9 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Using cache
 ---> d02932ddfbcc
Step 9/9 : CMD [ "dotnet","WebNotebook.dll" ]
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0572ceea51a1
Successfully built 0572ceea51a1
Successfully tagged publish_webnotebook:latest
Starting some-redis ... done
Starting webnotebook ... done
Attaching to some-redis, webnotebook
some-redis     | 1:C 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.160 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
some-redis     | 1:C 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.160 # Redis version=5.0.3, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
some-redis     | 1:C 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.160 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
some-redis     | 1:M 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.161 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
some-redis     | 1:M 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.161 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
some-redis     | 1:M 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.161 # Server initialized
some-redis     | 1:M 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.161 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
some-redis     | 1:M 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.161 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
some-redis     | 1:M 22 Feb 2019 09:11:03.161 * Ready to accept connections
webnotebook    | : Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[0]
webnotebook    |       User profile is available. Using '/root/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.
webnotebook    | Hosting environment: Production
webnotebook    | Content root path: /data
webnotebook    | Now listening on: http://[::]:8080
webnotebook    | Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

非常簡單吧,只要我有一個docker-comose檔案就可以實現一鍵部署,好了,希望本篇對你有幫助。

 

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