Android每週一輪子:EventBus

Jensen95發表於2018-03-25

前言

開篇要說聲sorry,限於各種原因,Okhttp的下篇和OKIO要delay 了,本週先來一個簡單一些的。

EventBus 是一個基於觀察者模式的事件釋出/訂閱框架,開發者可以通過極少的程式碼去實現多個模組之間的通訊,而不需要以層層傳遞介面的形式去單獨構建通訊橋樑。從而降低因多重回撥導致的模組間強耦合,同時避免產生大量內部類。其可以很好的應用於Activity之間,Fragment之間,後臺執行緒之間的通訊,避免使用intent或者handler所帶來的複雜度。其缺點則是可能會造成介面的膨脹。特別是當程式要求大量形式各異的通知,而沒有做出良好的抽象時,程式碼中會包含大量的介面,介面數量的增長又會帶來命名、註釋等等一大堆問題。本質上說觀察者要求從零開始實現事件的產生、分發與處理過程,這就要求參與者必須對整個通知過程有著良好的理解。當程式程式碼適量時,這是一個合理的要求,然而當程式太大時,這將成為一種負擔。

EventBus基於觀察者模式的Android事件分發匯流排。

Android每週一輪子:EventBus
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EventBus基本使用

1.定義訊息事件MessageEvent,也就是建立事件型別

public class MessageEvent {
    public final String message;
    public MessageEvent(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}
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2.註冊觀察者並訂閱事件

選擇要訂閱該事件的訂閱者(subscriber),Activity即在onCreate()加入,呼叫EventBus的register方法,註冊。

 EventBus.getDefault().register(this);

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在不需要接收事件發生時可以

EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
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在訂閱者裡需要用註解關鍵字 @Subscribe來告訴EventBus使用什麼方法處理event。

@Subscribe
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {
    Toast.makeText(this, event.message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
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注意方法只能被public修飾,在EventBus3.0之後該方法名字就可以自由的取了,之前要求只能是onEvent().

3.傳送事件

通過EventBus的post方法,發出我們要傳遞的事件。

EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent("HelloEveryone"));

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這樣選擇的Activity就會接收到該事件,並且觸發onMessageEvent方法。

EventBus原始碼解析

瞭解了對於EventBus的基礎使用,解析來,我們針對其基礎使用的呼叫流程,來了解EventBus的實現流程和原始碼細節。

註冊觀察者

register流程

EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
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  • getDefault()

EventBus.getDefault()是一個單例,實現如下:

public static EventBus getDefault() {  
   if (defaultInstance == null) {  
       synchronized (EventBus.class) {  
           if (defaultInstance == null) {  
               defaultInstance = new EventBus();  
           }  
       }  
   }  
   return defaultInstance;  
} 
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保證了App單個程式中只會有一個EventBus例項。

  • register(Object subscriber)
public void register(Object subscriber) {
    Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
    synchronized (this) {
        for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
            subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        }
    }
}
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register方法中,首先獲得訂閱例項的類,然後呼叫SubscriberMethodFinder例項的findSubscriberMethods方法來找到該類中訂閱的相關方法,然後對這些方法呼叫訂閱方法。註冊的過程涉及到兩個問題,一個是如何查詢註冊方法?另一個是如何將這些方法進行儲存,方便後面的呼叫?

SubscriberMethodFinder是如何從例項中查詢到相關的註冊方法的呢?

List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
	//根據類資訊叢快取中查詢訂閱方法
    List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
    if (subscriberMethods != null) {
        return subscriberMethods;
    }
	
	//查詢註冊方法	
    if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
        subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
    } else {
        subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
    }
    
    //將得到的訂閱方法加入到快取中
    if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
        throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
    } else {
        METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
        return subscriberMethods;
    }
}
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首先從快取的方法中,通過Class作為Key進行查詢,如何查詢內容為空,則會呼叫findUsingReflection或者findUsingInfo來從相關類中查詢,得到註冊的方法列表之後,將其新增到快取之中。

快取的資料結構如下:

Map<Class<?>, List<SubscriberMethod>> METHOD_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
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訂閱方法

private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
	 //獲取訂閱方法要監聽的事件型別
    Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
    
    Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
    
    //根據事件型別查詢相應的訂閱者
    CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
    
    //如果不存在該事件型別,則建立,如果已經包含該訂閱者,丟擲異常
    if (subscriptions == null) {
        subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
    } else {
        if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                    + eventType);
        }
    }

	//獲得該事件型別的訂閱者列表,根據其優先順序確定當前插入者的位置
    int size = subscriptions.size();
    for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
        if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
            subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
            break;
        }
    }

	//在該註冊者中加入對應的監聽事件型別
    List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
    if (subscribedEvents == null) {
        subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
        typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
    }
    subscribedEvents.add(eventType);

	//黏性事件處理
    if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
        if (eventInheritance) {
            Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                    Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                    checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                }
            }
        } else {
            Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
            checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
        }
    }
}
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subscribe方法的執行流程是先根據事件型別,判斷該註冊者是否已經進行過註冊,如果未註冊將其中的方法進行儲存,以事件型別為鍵儲存一份,然後以註冊者例項為鍵儲存一份。

傳送事件

對於事件的傳送,呼叫的是post函式

  • post(Object event)

post流程

public void post(Object event) {
	//獲取當前執行緒的Event佇列,並將其新增到佇列中
    PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
    List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
    eventQueue.add(event);
    //如果當前PostingThreadState不是在post 中
    if (!postingState.isPosting) {
        postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
	    postingState.isPosting = true;
	    if (postingState.canceled) {
	        throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
	    }
	    try {
	    	//遍歷事件佇列,呼叫postSingleEvent方法
	        while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
	            postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
	        }
	    } finally {
	        postingState.isPosting = false;
	        postingState.isMainThread = false;
	    }  
     }
}
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post方法中,首先從當前的PostingThreadState中獲取當前的事件佇列,然後將要post的事件新增到其中,之後判斷當前的執行緒是否處在post中,如果不在,那麼則會遍歷事件佇列,呼叫postSingleEvent將其中的事件丟擲。

currentPostingThreadState是一個ThreadLocal型別的,裡面儲存了PostingThreadState。

private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {  
       @Override  
       protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {  
           return new PostingThreadState();  
       }  
   }
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PostingThreadState包含了一個eventQueue和一些標誌位。類具體結構如下。

final static class PostingThreadState {
    final List<Object> eventQueue = new ArrayList<>();
    boolean isPosting;
    boolean isMainThread;
    Subscription subscription;
    Object event;
    boolean canceled;
}
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  • postSingleEvent

postSingleEvent的具體實現如下。

private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
    Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
    boolean subscriptionFound = false;
    if (eventInheritance) {
        List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
        int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
        for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
            Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
            subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
        }
    } else {
        subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
    }
    if (!subscriptionFound) {
        if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
            logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
        }
        if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
                eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
            post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
        }
    }
}
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通過lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass)得到當前eventClass的Class,以及父類和介面的Class型別,而後逐個呼叫postSingleEventForEventType方法。事件派發的核心方法在postSingleEventForEventType方法中。

  • postSingleEventForEventType
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
    CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
    synchronized (this) {
        subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
    }
    if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
        for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
            postingState.event = event;
            postingState.subscription = subscription;
            boolean aborted = false;
            try {
                postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                aborted = postingState.canceled;
            } finally {
                postingState.event = null;
                postingState.subscription = null;
                postingState.canceled = false;
            }
            if (aborted) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
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從subscriptionsByEventType中拿到訂閱了eventClass的訂閱者列表 ,遍歷,呼叫postToSubscription方法,逐個將事件丟擲。

  • postToSubscription
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
	//根據訂閱者方法的執行緒模型進行不同的處理
    switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
        case POSTING:
            invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            break;
        case MAIN:
            if (isMainThread) {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            } else {
                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case MAIN_ORDERED:
            if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            } else {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case BACKGROUND:
            if (isMainThread) {
                backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            } else {
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
            }
            break;
        case ASYNC:
            asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
    }
}
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根據threadMode去判斷應該在哪個執行緒去執行該方法,而invokeSubscriber方法內通過反射呼叫函式。

MainThread

首先去判斷當前如果是UI執行緒,則直接呼叫;否則, mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event) BackgroundThread

如果當前非UI執行緒,則直接呼叫;如果是UI執行緒,則呼叫backgroundPoster.enqueue方法。

Async

呼叫asyncPoster.enqueue方法

接下來會針對這幾種廣播方式展開分析

  • invokeSubscriber
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    try {
        subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
        handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
    }
}
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通過反射的方式,直接呼叫訂閱該事件方法。

  • mainThreadPoster.enqueue
mainThreadPoster = mainThreadSupport != null ? mainThreadSupport.createPoster(this) : null;

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mainThreadPoster 通過mainThreadSupport.createPoster建立。

public Poster createPoster(EventBus eventBus) {
    return new HandlerPoster(eventBus, looper, 10);
}
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返回HandlerPoster例項。

通過Subscription和Event例項構造出PendingPost,然後將其加入到PendingPostQueue之中,然後呼叫sendMessage,其handleMessage函式將會被回撥。

public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    synchronized (this) {
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
        if (!handlerActive) {
            handlerActive = true;
            if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
            }
        }
    }
}
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訊息處理

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    boolean rescheduled = false;
    try {
        long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        while (true) {
            PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
            if (pendingPost == null) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    // Check again, this time in synchronized
                    pendingPost = queue.poll();
                    if (pendingPost == null) {
                        handlerActive = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
            long timeInMethod = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - started;
            if (timeInMethod >= maxMillisInsideHandleMessage) {
                if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                    throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                }
                rescheduled = true;
                return;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        handlerActive = rescheduled;
    }
}
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當得到訊息之後,開啟迴圈,從佇列中取PendingPost,呼叫invokeSubscriber方法執行。

void invokeSubscriber(PendingPost pendingPost) {
    Object event = pendingPost.event;
    Subscription subscription = pendingPost.subscription;
    PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost);
    if (subscription.active) {
        invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
    }
}
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這裡呼叫了releasePendingPost

static void releasePendingPost(PendingPost pendingPost) {
    pendingPost.event = null;
    pendingPost.subscription = null;
    pendingPost.next = null;
    synchronized (pendingPostPool) {
        // Don't let the pool grow indefinitely
        if (pendingPostPool.size() < 10000) {
            pendingPostPool.add(pendingPost);
        }
    }
}
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為了避免物件的重複建立,在PendingPost中維護了一個PendingPost列表,方便進行物件的複用。

List<PendingPost> pendingPostPool = new ArrayList<PendingPost>();

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對於物件的建立,可以通過其obtainPendingPost方法來獲得。

  • asyncPoster.enqueue
public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
    eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
}
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將PendingPost新增到PendingPost佇列中,執行緒池會從佇列中取資料,然後執行。

@Override
public void run() {
    PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
    if(pendingPost == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No pending post available");
    }
    eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
}
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  • backgroundPoster.enqueue

相比於asyncPoster,backgroundPoster可以保證新增進來的資料是順序執行的,通過同步鎖和訊號量的方式來保證,只有一個執行緒是在活躍從事件佇列中取事件,然後執行。

public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
    PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
    synchronized (this) {
        queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
        if (!executorRunning) {
            executorRunning = true;
            eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
        }
    }
}
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public void run() {
    try {
        try {
            while (true) {
                PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll(1000);
                if (pendingPost == null) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        pendingPost = queue.poll();
                        if (pendingPost == null) {
                            executorRunning = false;
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
                eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            
        }
    } finally {
        executorRunning = false;
    }
}
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函式掃描

在register方法中對於訂閱方法的查詢,呼叫的方法是SubscriberMethodFinder的findSubscriberMethods方法,對於其中方法的查詢有兩種方式,一個是findUsingInfo,一個是findUsingReflection

private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
	//獲取FindState例項
    FindState findState = prepareFindState();
    findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
    //從當前類中查詢,然後跳到其父類,繼續查詢相應方法
    while (findState.clazz != null) {
        findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
        findState.moveToSuperclass();
    }
    return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}
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首先,會獲得一個FindState例項,其用來儲存查詢過程中的一些中間變數和最後結果,首先找當前類中的註冊方法,然後跳到其父類之中,其父類會自動過濾掉Java,Android中的相應類,然後繼續查詢。

查詢的核心實現在方法findUsingReflectionInSingleClass中。

private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
    Method[] methods;
    try {
        // 獲取該類中的所有方法,不包括繼承的方法
        methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
    } catch (Throwable th) {
        methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
        findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
    }
    //遍歷獲取的方法,判斷新增規則為是否為public函式,其引數是否只有一個,獲取其註解,然後呼叫checkAdd,
    //在加入到訂閱方法之前
    for (Method method : methods) {
        int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
        if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                    Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                    if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                        ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                        findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                    }
                }
            } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
					//多於一個引數
            }
        } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
            //非public,abstract,非靜態的
        }
    }
}
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按照如下掃描規則,對類中的函式進行掃描 掃描規則:1.函式非靜態,抽象函式 2.函式為public;3.函式僅單個引數;4.函式擁有@Subscribe的註解;

在符合了以上規則之後,還不能夠直接將其加入到函式的佇列之中,還需要對方法進行校驗。

boolean checkAdd(Method method, Class<?> eventType) {
   
    Object existing = anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, method);
    if (existing == null) {
        return true;
    } else {
        if (existing instanceof Method) {
            if (!checkAddWithMethodSignature((Method) existing, eventType)) {
                
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            }
            anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, this);
        }
        return checkAddWithMethodSignature(method, eventType);
    }
}

 //函式簽名校驗,來進行
private boolean checkAddWithMethodSignature(Method method, Class<?> eventType) {
    methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
    methodKeyBuilder.append(method.getName());
    methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());

    String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
    Class<?> methodClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
    Class<?> methodClassOld = subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClass);
    if (methodClassOld == null || methodClassOld.isAssignableFrom(methodClass)) {
        // Only add if not already found in a sub class
        return true;
    } else {
        // Revert the put, old class is further down the class hierarchy
        subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClassOld);
        return false;
    }
}

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為掃描到的函式做校驗,在校驗後,釋放自己持有的資源。第一層校驗在checkAdd函式中,如果當前尚未有函式監聽過當前事件,就直接跳過第二層檢查。第二層檢查為完整的函式簽名的檢查,將函式名與監聽事件類名拼接作為函式簽名,如果當前subscriberClassByMethodKey中不存在相同methodKey時,返回true,檢查結束;若存在相同methodKey時,說明子類重寫了父類的監聽函式,此時應當保留子類的監聽函式而忽略父類。由於掃描是由子類向父類的順序,故此時應當保留methodClassOld而忽略methodClass。

上述的方式是通過在執行期通過註解處理的方式進行的,效率是比較慢的,在EventBus最新版中引入了在編譯器通過註解處理器,在編譯器生成方法索引的方式進行,以此來提升效率。

粘性事件處理

粘性事件的設計初衷是,在事件的發出早於觀察者的註冊,EventBus將粘性事件儲存起來,在觀察者註冊後,將其發出。通過其內部的一個資料結構:

Map<Class<?>, Object> stickyEvents 
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儲存每個Event型別的最近一次post出的event

public void postSticky(Object event) {
    synchronized (stickyEvents) {
        stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
    }
    // Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately
    post(event);
}
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將粘性事件儲存在stickyEvents,而後post出,此時如果存在已經註冊的觀察者,則情況同普通事件情況相同;如尚無註冊的觀察者,在postSingleEvent函式中將時間轉化為一個NoSubscriberEvent事件發出,可由EventBus消耗並處理。待觀察者註冊時,從stickyEvents中將事件取出,重新分發給註冊的觀察者。

if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
    if (eventInheritance) {
        Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
            Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
            if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
            }
        }
    } else {
        Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
        checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
    }
}
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在對於粘性事件處理這段程式碼中,首先判斷是否監聽Event的子類,而後呼叫checkPostStickyEventToSubscription將黏性事件發出,在checkPostStickyEventToSubscription中,判空後按一半事件的post流程將事件傳遞給觀察者。

private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {
    if (stickyEvent != null) {	       
        postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, isMainThread());
    }
}
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小結

輪子的每週一篇,已經到了第四周了,下週是對OkHttp的更細緻的一個剖析,然後是對於OkIO的剖析

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