中介軟體：還在使用trim過濾請求引數嗎?

什麼是中介軟體，概念性東西用文字描述是不易懂得。直接看案例。

在接收請求引數，通常會使用trim()函式過濾引數兩邊的多餘空格。
laravel框架預設全域性中介軟體\App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class中介軟體會在請求到達控制器之前【也稱為 前置中介軟體】，進行trim()處理。也意味著你不再需要進行引數trim過濾。

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware;

class TrimStrings extends TransformsRequest
{
    /**
     * The attributes that should not be trimmed.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $except = [
        //
    ];

    /** (備註：此函式在父類TransformsRequest中)
     * Handle an incoming request. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $this->clean($request);
        return $next($request);
    }

    /**
     * Transform the given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function transform($key, $value)
    {
        if (in_array($key, $this->except, true)) {
            return $value;
        }

        return is_string($value) ? trim($value) : $value;
    }
}

前置中介軟體： 在請求到達控制器之前執行(用得比較多)，
後置中介軟體：在請求到達控制器執行完後執行(用得少一點)

php artisan make:middleware EnsureTokenIsValid

此命令將在您的 app/Http/Middleware 目錄中放置一個新的 EnsureTokenIsValid 類。

在這個中介軟體中，如果提供的 token 輸入匹配指定的值，我們將只允許訪問路由。否則，我們會將使用者重定向回 home URI：

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;

class EnsureTokenIsValid
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        //前置中介軟體
        if ($request->input('token') !== 'my-secret-token') {
            return redirect('home');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }

    /*
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        //後置中介軟體
        $response  =  $next($request);
        //do something
        return $response;
    }
    */
}

全域性中介軟體

如果您希望在對應用程式的每個 HTTP 請求期間執行中介軟體，請在 app/Http/Kernel.php 類的 $middleware 屬性中列出中介軟體類。

<?php

namespace App\Http;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;

class Kernel extends HttpKernel
{
    /**
     * The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
     *
     * These middleware are run during every request to your application.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $middleware = [
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrustHosts::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
        \Fruitcake\Cors\HandleCors::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
        \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
        \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureTokenIsValid::class,
    ];

將中介軟體分配給路由

如果您想將中介軟體分配給特定的路由，您應該首先在應用程式的 app/Http/Kernel.php 檔案中為中介軟體分配一個鍵。

// 在 App\Http\Kernel 類中...
protected $routeMiddleware = [
    'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
    'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
    'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
    'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
    'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
    'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
    'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
    'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
    'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
    'ensure.token' => \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureTokenIsValid::class,
];

其他使用細節查閱文件即可：中介軟體《Laravel 9 中文文件》

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