實戰11g active data guard on rac

環境描述：
    OS:CentOS release 5.8(64bit)
    DB:Oracle 11.2.0.3(64bit)
    Storage:ASM
    本次試驗涉及三個節點racnode1和racnode2（作為主庫），dgnode1（備庫），雙節點rac已部署完畢，接下來的步驟都是演示如何在現有環境下新增一個單例項的standby database。

操作步驟：（步驟中沒有明確說明的地方都是在備庫上進行操作）
1.rac雙節點已配置成功

2.配置standby dg
2.1配置核心引數
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1054472192
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

2.2配置limit限制
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536

2.3建立目錄
mkdir -p /u01/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/grid
mkdir -p /u01/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/11.2.0/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall oraInventory/
chmod -R 775 oraInventory/

2.4檢查軟體包
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

2.5規劃asm磁碟
ocr+voting disk(1G)
data(6G)
flash(3G)

2.6安裝配置asmlib並建立asm disk
操作省略，和rac上配置一致

2.7安裝grid軟體
這裡需要注意的是在安裝選項時選擇standalone server

2.8安裝oracle軟體
在安裝資料庫型別時選擇single instance database

2.9為建立standby database準備主庫環境
2.9.1Enable Forced Logging
ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING; 

2.9.2Configure Redo Transport Authentication
確保rac所有節點的密碼檔案中的密碼一致並傳輸到standby端（檔名根據具體的sid做修改）

2.9.3Configure the Primary Database to Receive Redo Data（這步操作可選，主要是為了以後角色切換時起作用）
我這裡暫時沒配置

2.9.4Set Primary Database Initialization Parameters
Primary Role Initialization Parameters
DB_NAME=opdb
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=opdb
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(opdb,dgdb)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=dgdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

Standby Role Initialization Parameters
FAL_SERVER=dgdb
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/dgdb','+DATA/opdb'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/dgdb','+DATA/opdb'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

2.9.5Enable Archiving
srvctl stop database -d opdb
srvctl start database -d opdb -o mount
alter database archivelog
alter database open

3.Step-by-Step Instructions for Creating a Physical Standby Database
3.1建立primary database的全庫備份集
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
backup database format '/u01/oracle/stage/full_%U' plus archivelog format '/u01/oracle/stage/arch_%U';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}

3.2Create a Control File for the Standby Database
ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/u01/oracle/stage/dgdb.ctl';

3.3Create a Parameter File for the Standby Database
3.3.1Create a parameter file (PFILE) from the server parameter file (SPFILE)
CREATE PFILE='/u01/oracle/stage/initdgdb.ora' FROM SPFILE;
3.3.2Modify the parameter values in the parameter file
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dgdb
control_files='+DATA/dgdb/controlfile/dbdg.ctl'
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/opdb','+DATA/dgdb'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA/opdb','+DATA/dgdb'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=opdb ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=opdb'
FAL_SERVER=opdb

3.4Copy Files from the Primary System to the Standby System(pfile,backupset,controlfile)
scp * 10.1.101.168:/u01/oracle/stage

3.5Set Up the Environment to Support the Standby Database
3.5.1Copy the remote login password file to Standby Database system

3.5.2Configure listeners for the primary and standby databases(automatic on 11gr2)

3.5.3Create Oracle Net service names
 
3.5.4Create a server parameter file for the standby database
create spfile from pfile='/u01/oracle/stage/initdgdb.ora';

3.6Start the Physical Standby Database
3.6.1Start the physical standby database
startup mount

3.6.2Create an Online Redo Log on the Standby Database
alter database add standby logfile thread 1
    group 5 size 50M,
    group 6 size 50M,
    group 7 size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2
    group 5 size 50M,
    group 6 size 50M,
    group 7 size 50M;

3.6.3Restore standby database from backupset
restore database;

3.6.4Start Redo Apply.
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

3.7Verify the Physical Standby Database Is Performing Properly
3.7.1Identify the existing archived redo log files
SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME
---------- --------- ---------
       228 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13
       229 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13
       230 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13

3.7.2Force a log switch to archive the current online redo log file（主庫操作）
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

3.7.3Verify the new redo data was archived on the standby database
SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME
---------- --------- ---------
       228 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13
       229 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13
       230 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13
       231 21-MAR-13 21-MAR-13

3.7.4Verify that received redo has been applied
SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

 SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------
       228 YES
       229 YES
       230 YES
       231 IN-MEMORY

3.8測試11g active data特性
3.8.1停止日誌應用
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

3.8.2開啟物理備庫
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

3.8.3開啟日誌實時應用（此時資料庫為open狀態）
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

3.8.4查詢資料庫當前狀態
 select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY 

3.8.5建立測試表並插入測試資料（主庫）
create table tl(id int);

 begin
     for i in 1..1000 loop
     insert into tl values(i);
     end loop;
     commit;
     end;
    /
|
 select count(*) from tl;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1000

3.8.6在備庫驗證資料
select count(*) from tl;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1000

實驗過程中在備庫啟動到mount狀態時遇到了如下錯誤：
ERROR: asm_version error. err: driver/agent not installed rc:2
ORA-15183: ASMLIB initialization error [driver/agent not installed]
根據錯誤提示查詢系統的核心版本和asmlib的版本是一致的，google後發現一篇類似帖子，解決方案就是修改oracle二進位制程式的屬組為asmadmin並保留其原有許可權後問題解決，帖子的url為http://space.itpub.net/38267/viewspace-742110，在這裡感謝這位哥們，呵呵！