獲取Linux系統中目錄檔案大小的方法

你應該已經注意到，在   中使用 ls   列出的目錄內容中，目錄的大小僅顯示 4KB。這個大小正確嗎？如果不正確，那它代表什麼，又該如何獲取 Linux 中的目錄或資料夾大小？這是一個預設的大小，是用來儲存磁碟上儲存目錄的後設資料的大小。

Linux 上有一些應用程式可以 獲取目錄的實際大小。其中，磁碟使用率（du） 已被 Linux 管理員廣泛使用。

我將向您展示如何使用各種選項獲取資料夾大小。

du 命令 表示 磁碟使用率(Disk Usage)。這是一個標準的 Unix 程式，用於估計當前工作目錄中的檔案空間使用情況。

它使用遞迴方式總結磁碟使用情況，以獲取目錄及其子目錄的大小。

如同我說的那樣, 使用 ls 命令時，目錄大小僅顯示 4KB。參見下面的輸出。

$ ls -lh | grep ^d
drwxr-xr-x  3 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Aug  2 13:57 Bank_Details
drwxr-xr-x  2 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Mar 15  2019 daygeek
drwxr-xr-x  6 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Feb 16  2019 drive-2daygeek
drwxr-xr-x 13 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Jan  6  2019 drive-mageshm
drwxr-xr-x 15 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Sep 29 21:32 Thanu_Photos

使用以下 du 命令格式獲取給定目錄的總大小。在該示例中，我們將得到 /home/daygeek/Documents 目錄的總大小。

$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents

或

$ du -h --max-depth=0 /home/daygeek/Documents/
20G    /home/daygeek/Documents

詳細說明：

du – 這是一個命令

-h – 以易讀的格式顯示大小 (例如 1K 234M 2G)

-s – 僅顯示每個引數的總數

--max-depth=N – 目錄的列印深度

使用以下 du 命令格式獲取每個目錄（包括子目錄）的總大小。

在該示例中，我們將獲得每個 /home/daygeek/Documents 目錄及其子目錄的總大小。

$ du -h /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20
20G    /home/daygeek/Documents/
9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera
5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos
3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
2.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos
2.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month
916M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha
454M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup
415M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video
300M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017
288M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017
226M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017
219M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents
213M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos
163M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent
161M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images
154M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017
150M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016

使用如下 du 命令格式僅獲取每個目錄的摘要。

$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10
9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
756K    /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
272K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png
172K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png
164K    /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf
132K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png
112K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png
96K    /home/daygeek/Documents/distro-info.xlsx

使用如下 du 命令格式來展示每個目錄的總大小，不包括子目錄。

$ du -hS /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20
5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera
5.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos
2.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos
1.5G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
831M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha
454M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup
300M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017
288M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017
253M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video
226M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017
219M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents
213M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos
163M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent
154M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017
150M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016
127M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2016
100M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2016
94M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2017
92M    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images
90M    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2017

如果要獲取 Linux 上給定目錄的一級子目錄（包括其子目錄）的大小，請使用以下命令格式。

$ du -h --max-depth=1 /home/daygeek/Documents/
3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
4.0K    /home/daygeek/Documents/daygeek
756K    /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
20G    /home/daygeek/Documents/

6) 如何在 du 命令輸出中獲得總計

如果要在 du 命令輸出中獲得總計，請使用以下 du 命令格式。

$ du -hsc /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10
20G    total
9.6G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
6.3G    /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
3.2G    /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
756K    /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
272K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png
172K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png
164K    /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf
132K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png
112K    /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png