儲存卷三種方式：emptyDir，gitRepo，hostPath

emptyDir：一個pod建立兩個容器,一個pod提供請求服務,另一個pod提供檔案儲存,pod刪除,儲存卷就刪除。

gitRepo：使用docker映象提供儲存

hostPath：宿主機路徑,pod刪除,儲存卷還在(在多個node節點要建立路徑)

nfs：使用共享儲存(多個pod要在共享儲存中建立多個目錄)

幫助：

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes.persistentVolumeClaim --pvc幫助

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes --檢視幫助

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pv --pv幫助

1.使用emptyDir做儲存(兩個pod,一個做儲存,一個提供服務)

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 11.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-demo              --定義一個pod
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp                  --定義一個容器
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html    --myapp容器html卷掛載到/usr/share/nginx/html(是nginx預設路徑)
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:latest
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html                 --busybox容器將html卷掛載到/data
      mountPath: /data/
    command: ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo $(date) >> /data/index.html;sleep 2;done"]
  volumes:           --定義一個html卷
  - name: html
    emptyDir: {}

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f 11.yaml

pod/pod-demo created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 103s 10.244.1.13 k8s2 <none> <none>

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c busybox -- /bin/sh

/ # cat /data/index.html

Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl

Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:01 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:03 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:05 UTC 2019

[root@k8s1 ~]#

2.使用hostPath做儲存(如果node節點當機,pod訪問當機node的資料就不存在了)

node1節點：

[root@k8s2 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod

[root@k8s2 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html --為了區分node節點,將檔案內容寫不一樣

node1

[root@k8s2 ~]#

node2節點:

[root@k8s3 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod

[root@k8s3 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html

node2

[root@k8s3 ~]#

master節點：

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 12.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-vol-hostpath
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html                             --使用html卷儲存
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html       --nginx網頁根目錄
  volumes:
  - name: html
    hostPath:
      path: /data/pod/                   --html卷的路徑(對應的node節點新建目錄,pod在哪個node上就要新建)
      type: DirectoryOrCreate

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 64m 10.244.1.13 k8s2 <none> <none>

pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.244.2.22 k8s3 <none> <none>

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl --pod在node2節點上,所以訪問的是node2的網頁,如果在node1就是node1的內容

node2

[root@k8s1 ~]#

3.使用nfs共享儲存

nfs儲存:

[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6

[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports

/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@liutie1 ~]# systemctl restart nfs

[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v6

[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e

Export list for liutie1:

/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24

[root@liutie1 ~]#

k8s節點:

[root@k8s1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6 --建立共享目錄

[root@k8s1 ~]# mount.nfs 172.16.8.108:/data/v6 /data/v6 --測試手動掛載

[root@k8s1 ~]# umount /data/v6

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim nfs.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-vol-nfs
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: pod-nfs
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html1
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumes:
  - name: html1
    nfs:
      path: /data/v6
      server: 172.16.8.108

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f nfs.yaml

pod/pod-vol-nfs created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-vol-nfs 1/1 Running 0 2m21s 10.244.1.78 k8s2 <none> <none>

[root@k8s1 ~]#

在nfs儲存建立檔案

[root@liutie1 ~]# cd /data/v6/

[root@liutie1 v6]# cat index.html

nfs store

[root@liutie1 v6]#

在k8s節點開啟網頁

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl 10.244.1.78 --pod的ip地址

nfs store

[root@k8s1 ~]#

4.使用nfs共享儲存(固定大小)

nfs伺服器：

[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v{1,2,3,4,5} --在儲存上新建目錄

[root@liutie1 ~]# yum install nfs* -y --安裝nfs

[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports --共享目錄

/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v5

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v4

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v3

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v2

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v1

[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e

Export list for liutie1:

/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24

[root@liutie1 ~]#

node各節點：

[root@k8s2 ~]# yum install nfs-common nfs-utils -y --所有node節點必須安裝nfs-utils軟體包,否則會出錯

master節點：

[root@k8s1 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain PersistentVolume --幫助資訊

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pv.yaml --將遠端的nfs目錄轉換成pv

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv001
  labels:
    name: pv001
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /data/v1
    server: 172.16.8.108
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv002
  labels:
    name: pv002
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /data/v2
    server: 172.16.8.108
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 15Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv003
  labels:
    name: pv003
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /data/v3
    server: 172.16.8.108
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv004
  labels:
    name: pv004
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /data/v4
    server: 172.16.8.108
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 20Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv005
  labels:
    name: pv005
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /data/v5
    server: 172.16.8.108
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 13Gi

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml --生成pv

persistentvolume/pv001 created

persistentvolume/pv002 created

persistentvolume/pv003 created

persistentvolume/pv004 created

persistentvolume/pv005 created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv --檢視pv

NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE

pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pvc.yaml --建立pvc,pvc的大小為6G

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: mypvc
  namespace: default           --定義一個mypvc名字的pvc
spec:
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 6Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod               --定義一個pod,pod使用pvc
metadata:
  name: pod-vol-pvc
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    volumeMounts:
    - name: html          --使用mypvc儲存
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumes:
  - name: html
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: mypvc          --引用上面的mypvc

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc created

pod/pod-vol-pvc created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv

NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE

pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Bound default/mypvc 8m31s --Bound表示使用

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pvc

NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE

mypvc Bound pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX 2m31s --使用了pv005的mypvc儲存卷

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 141m

pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 77m

pod-vol-pvc 1/1 Running 0 4s

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl describe pods pod-vol-pvc --檢視詳細資訊

k8s使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做儲存

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