一.Memory Dumps

1).Global Area
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name global_area level n’;
1 包含PGA
2 包含SGA
4 包含UGA
8 包含indrect memory

2).Library Cache
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name library_cache level n’;
1 library cache統計資訊
2 包含hash table histogram
3 包含object handle
4 包含object結構（Heap 0）

3).Row Cache
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name row_cache level n’;
1 row cache統計資訊
2 包含hash table histogram
8 包含object結構

4).Buffers
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name buffers level n’;
1 buffer header
2 level 1 + block header
3 level 2 + block contents
4 level 1 + hash chain
5 level 2 + hash chain
6 level 3 + hash chain
8 level 4 + users/waiters
9 level 5 + users/waiters
10 level 6 + users/waiters

5).Buffer
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name buffer level n’;
n為某個指定block的rdba，該命令可以轉儲某個block在buffer中的所有版本。

6).Heap
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name heapdump level level’;
1 PGA摘要
2 SGA摘要
4 UGA摘要
8 Current call(CGA)摘要
16 User call(CGA)摘要
32 Large call(LGA)摘要
1025 PGA內容
2050 SGA內容
4100 UGA內容
8200 Current call內容
16400 User call內容
32800 Large call內容

[@more@]

7).Sub Heap
Oracle 9.0.1版本之前
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name heapdump_addr level n’;若n為subheap的地址，轉儲的是subheap的摘要資訊若n為subheap的地址+1，轉儲的則是subheap的內容
Oracle 9.2.0版本之後
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name heapdump_addr level n, addr m’;其中m為subheap的地址
n為1轉儲subheap的摘要，n為2轉儲subheap的內容

8).Process State
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name processstate level n’;

9).System State
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name systemstate level n’;

10).Error State
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name errorstack level n’;
0 Error stack
1 level 0 + function call stack
2 level 1 + process state
3 level 2 + context area

11).Hang Analysis
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name hanganalyze level n’;

12).Work Area
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name workareatab_dump level n’;
1 SGA資訊
2 Workarea Table摘要資訊
3 Workarea Table詳細資訊

13).Latches
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name latches level n’;
1 latch資訊
2 統計資訊

14).Events
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name events level n’;
1 session
2 process
3 system

15).Locks
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name locks level n’;

16).Shared Server Process
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name shared_server_state level n’;
n取值為1~14

17).Background Messages
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name bg_messages level n’;
n為pid+1

二.File Dumps

1).Block
Oracle 7之前
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name blockdump level n’;
n為block的rdba
Oracle8以後
ALTER SYSTEM DUMP DATAFILE file# BLOCK block#;
ALTER SYSTEM DUMP DATAFILE file#
BLOCK MIN minimum_block#
BLOCK MAX maximum_block#;

2).Tree Dump
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name treedump level n’;
n為object_id

3).Undo Segment Header
ALTER SYSTEM DUMP UNDO_HEADER ’segment_name’;

4).Undo for a Transaction
ALTER SYSTEM DUMP UNDO BLOCK ’segment_name’ XID xidusn xidslot xidsqn;

5).File Header
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name file_hdrs level n’;
1 控制檔案中的檔案頭資訊
2 level 1 + 檔案頭資訊
3 level 2 + 資料檔案頭資訊
10 level 3

6).Control file
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name controlf level n’;
1 檔案頭資訊
2 level 1 + 資料庫資訊 + 檢查點資訊
3 level 2 + 可重用節資訊
10 level 3

7).Redo log Header
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name redohdr level n’;
1 控制檔案中的redo log資訊
2 level 1 + 檔案頭資訊
3 level 2 + 日誌檔案頭資訊
10 level 3

8).Redo log
ALTER SYSTEM DUMP LOGFILE ‘FileName’;
ALTER SYSTEM DUMP LOGFILE ‘FileName’
SCN MIN MinimumSCN
SCN MAX MaximumSCN
TIME MIN MinimumTime
TIME MAX MaximumTime
LAYER Layer
OPCODE Opcode
DBA MIN FileNumber . BlockNumber
DBA MAX FileNumber . BlockNumber
RBA MIN LogFileSequenceNumber . BlockNumber
RBA MAX LogFileSequenceNumber . BlockNumber;其中time = (((((yyyy – 1988)) * 12 + mm – 1) * 31 + dd – 1) * 24 + hh) * 60 + mi) * 60 + ss;

9).Loghist
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS ‘immediate trace name loghist level n’;
1 dump控制檔案中最早和最遲的日誌歷史項
1 dump 2^n個日誌歷史項

三， Trace 檔案使用示例

udump下的trc檔案可以透過配置不讓產生,利用命令
alter system set sql_trace=false;

其他的不能修改，只能手動的啟動trace，手動的關閉trace.

比如：

alter session set events 'immediate trace name off';

alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';
alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

alter system set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';
alter system set events '10046 trace name context off';

1. 使用autotrace：set autotrace ON | ON EXPLAIN | ON STATISTICS | TRACEONLY | TRACEONLY EXPLAIN
set autotrace off

這個用法是最簡單方便的，執行結束之後，會自動在同個視窗顯示sql的執行計劃和統計資訊。

2. 使用set events context ：

SQL> alter session set sql_trace=true;
SQL> alter session set sql_trace=false;

屬於當前session級設定

大多數的情況下，我們使用sql_trace跟蹤當前程式。透過跟蹤當前程式可以發現當前操作的後臺遞迴活動(這在研究資料庫新特性時尤其有效)，研究SQL執行，發現後臺錯誤等。

alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';
alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

10046事件概述：

10046事件是提供的內部事件，是對SQL_TRACE的增強.

10046事件可以設定以下四個級別:

1 - 啟用標準的SQL_TRACE功能,等價於sql_trace

4 - Level 1 加上繫結值(bind values)

8 - Level 1 + 等待事件跟蹤

12 - Level 1 + Level 4 + Level 8

類似sql_trace，10046事件可以在全域性設定，也可以在session級設定。

Level =1 ,轉儲Library cache統計資訊
Level =2 ,轉儲hash table概要
Level =4 ,轉儲Library cache物件，只包含基本資訊
Level =8 ,轉儲Library cache物件，包含詳細資訊(包括child references,pin waiters等)
Level =16,增加heap sizes資訊
Level =32,增加heap資訊

9i清理buffer cache
alter session set events 'immediate trace name flush_cache level 1';

alter session set events = 'immediate trace name flush_cache'

4. 使用set events errorstack
alter session set events 'err_num trace name errorstack level 10';
alter session set events 'err_num trace name errorstack off'

err_num=報錯程式碼，如ORA-00942 應該在err_num填入942

5. 使用dbms_support(trace別的session)：
exec dbms_support.start_trace_in_session(sid=>XX,seiral#=>XXX,wait=>true,binds=>true);
exec dbms_support.stop_trace_in_session(sid=>XX,seiral#=>XXX);

這類trace用到很少，以後再研究。

6. 使用oradebug(trace別的session)：oradebug setospid (PID 能從ps -ef 中得出)
oradebug unlimit
oradebug event 10046 trace name context forever,level 12;
oradebug event 10046 trace name context off;

這類同樣用到很少。

7. 使用dbms_system.set_ev：
exec dbms_system.set_ev(sid,serial#,10046,trace_level,'username');
exec dbms_system.set_ev(sid,serial#,10046,0,'username');

透過DBMS_SYSTEM.SET_EV系統包來實現對sql的跟蹤

轉自：http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/12/10/4977909.aspx

Oracle 常用dump命令 - 轉

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