struts2.01用法的簡單例子

hljhrbsjf發表於2007-06-20
單例

先按照文件，做一次：

1，建立WEB.XML：

程式碼
  1. <!-- 段洪傑 --&gt
  2. xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  3. <web-app>
  5. <display-name>Struts Blankdisplay-name>
  7. <filter>
  8. <filter-name>struts2filter-name>
  9. <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcherfilter-class>
  10. filter>
  12. <filter-mapping>
  13. <filter-name>struts2filter-name>
  14. <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
  15. filter-mapping>
  17. <listener>
  18. <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
  19. listener>
  21. <welcome-file-list>
  22. <welcome-file>index.htmlwelcome-file>
  23. welcome-file-list>
  24. web-app>

文件中有一個org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher的filter
還有org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

2.建SPRING的BEAN配置檔案：applicationContext.xml

程式碼
  1. xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. ag">>
  4. <beans default-autowire="autodetect">
  5. <!-- add your spring beans here --&gt
  6. beans>

3.建struts配置檔案：

程式碼
  1. /span>
  2. "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
  3. ">
  5. <struts>
  7. <include file="example.xml"/>
  9. <!-- Add packages here --&gt
  11. struts>

演示了一下配置檔案分塊的方法，下面這個才起作用：

br />"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
">

程式碼
  1. <struts>
  3. <package name="example" namespace="/example" extends="struts-default">
  5. <action name="HelloWorld" class="example.HelloWorld">
  6. <result>/example/HelloWorld.jspresult>
  7. action>
  9. <action name="Login!*" method="{1}" class="example.Login">
  10. <result name="input">/example/Login.jspresult>
  11. <result type="redirect-action">Menuresult>
  12. action>
  14. <action name="*" class="example.ExampleSupport">
  15. <result>/example/{1}.jspresult>
  16. action>
  18. <!-- Add actions here --&gt
  19. package>
  20. struts>

4，錄入驗證：Login-validation.xml
這個很象struts1.x

程式碼
  1. /span>
  2. "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
  3. ">
  5. <validators>
  6. <field name="username">
  7. <field-validator type="requiredstring">
  8. <message key="requiredstring"/>
  9. field-validator>
  10. field>
  11. <field name="password">
  12. <field-validator type="requiredstring">
  13. <message key="requiredstring"/>
  14. field-validator>
  15. field>
  16. validators>

5.建立資原始檔package.properties，這個也很象struts1.x

程式碼
  1. HelloWorld.message= Struts is up and running ...
  2. requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required.
  3. password = Password
  4. username = User Name
  5. Missing.message = This feature is under construction. Please try again in the next interation.

6.搞個action類，和WW2一模一樣：

程式碼
  1. package example;
  3. public class Login extends ExampleSupport {
  5. public String execute() throws Exception {
  7. if (isInvalid(getUsername())) return INPUT;
  9. if (isInvalid(getPassword())) return INPUT;
  11. return SUCCESS;
  12. }
  14. private boolean isInvalid(String value) {
  15. return (value == null || value.length() == 0);
  16. }
  18. private String username;
  20. public String getUsername() {
  21. return username;
  22. }
  24. public void setUsername(String username) {
  25. this.username = username;
  26. }
  28. private String password;
  30. public String getPassword() {
  31. return password;
  32. }
  34. public void setPassword(String password) {
  35. this.password = password;
  36. }
  38. }

7.搞個helloworld類，也和WW2一樣：
這裡呼叫了資原始檔中的 message, 這裡比struts1.X類似功能要直接，會好用一些

程式碼
  1. package example;
  3. /**
  4. * <code>Set welcome message.code>
  5. */
  6. public class HelloWorld extends ExampleSupport {
  8. public String execute() throws Exception {
  9. setMessage(getText(MESSAGE));
  10. return SUCCESS;
  11. }
  13. /**
  14. * Provide default valuie for Message property.
  15. */
  16. public static final String MESSAGE = "HelloWorld.message";
  18. /**
  19. * Field for Message property.
  20. */
  21. private String message;
  23. /**
  24. * Return Message property.
  25. *
  26. * @return Message property
  27. */
  28. public String getMessage() {
  29. return message;
  30. }
  32. /**
  33. * Set Message property.
  34. *
  35. * @param message Text to display on HelloWorld page.
  36. */
  37. public void setMessage(String message) {
  38. this.message = message;
  39. }
  40. }

8。搞個父類出來，這裡只是演示用，所以空的

ExampleSupport.java

程式碼
  1. package example;
  3. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
  5. /**
  6. * Base Action class for the Tutorial package.
  7. */
  8. public class ExampleSupport extends ActionSupport {
  9. }

9。可以測試一下了：

程式碼
  1. package example;
  3. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
  4. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;
  6. import java.util.Map;
  7. import java.util.Collection;
  8. import java.util.List;
  10. public class LoginTest extends ConfigTest {
  12. public void FIXME_testLoginConfig() throws Exception {
  13. ActionConfig config = assertClass("example", "Login!input", "example.Login");
  14. assertResult(config, ActionSupport.SUCCESS, "Menu");
  15. assertResult(config, ActionSupport.INPUT, "/example/Login.jsp");
  16. }
  18. public void testLoginSubmit() throws Exception {
  19. Login login = new Login();
  20. login.setUsername("username");
  21. login.setPassword("password");
  22. String result = login.execute();
  23. assertSuccess(result);
  24. }
  26. // Needs access to an envinronment that includes validators
  27. public void FIXME_testLoginSubmitInput() throws Exception {
  28. Login login = new Login();
  29. String result = login.execute();
  30. assertInput(result);
  31. Map errors = assertFieldErrors(login);
  32. assertFieldError(errors,"username","Username is required.");
  33. assertFieldError(errors,"password","Password is required.");
  34. }
  36. }

程式碼
  1. package example;
  3. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
  4. import junit.framework.TestCase;
  6. public class HelloWorldTest extends TestCase {
  8. public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {
  9. HelloWorld hello_world = new HelloWorld();
  10. String result = hello_world.execute();
  11. assertTrue("Expected a success result!",
  12. ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));
  13. assertTrue("Expected the default message!",
  14. hello_world.getText(HelloWorld.MESSAGE).equals(hello_world.getMessage()));
  15. }
  16. }

程式碼
  1. package example;
  3. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
  4. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.RuntimeConfiguration;
  5. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;
  6. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ResultConfig;
  7. import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider;
  9. import java.util.Map;
  10. import java.util.List;
  12. import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;
  14. public class ConfigTest extends StrutsTestCase {
  16. protected void assertSuccess(String result) throws Exception {
  17. assertTrue("Expected a success result!",
  18. ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));
  19. }
  21. protected void assertInput(String result) throws Exception {
  22. assertTrue("Expected an input result!",
  23. ActionSupport.INPUT.equals(result));
  24. }
  26. protected Map assertFieldErrors(ActionSupport action) throws Exception {
  27. assertTrue(action.hasFieldErrors());
  28. return action.getFieldErrors();
  29. }
  31. protected void assertFieldError(Map field_errors, String field_name, String error_message) {
  33. List errors = (List) field_errors.get(field_name);
  34. assertNotNull("Expected errors for " + field_name, errors);
  35. assertTrue("Expected errors for " + field_name, errors.size()>0);
  36. // TODO: Should be a loop
  37. assertEquals(error_message,errors.get(0));
  39. }
  41. protected void setUp() throws Exception {
  42. super.setUp();
  43. XmlConfigurationProvider c = new XmlConfigurationProvider("struts.xml");
  44. configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(c);
  45. configurationManager.reload();
  46. }
  48. protected ActionConfig assertClass(String namespace, String action_name, String class_name) {
  49. RuntimeConfiguration configuration = configurationManager.getConfiguration().getRuntimeConfiguration();
  50. ActionConfig config = configuration.getActionConfig(namespace, action_name);
  51. assertNotNull("Mssing action", config);
  52. assertTrue("Wrong class name: [" + config.getClassName() + "]",
  53. class_name.equals(config.getClassName()));
  54. return config;
  55. }
  57. protected ActionConfig assertClass(String action_name, String class_name) {
  58. return assertClass("", action_name, class_name);
  59. }
  61. protected void assertResult(ActionConfig config, String result_name, String result_value) {
  62. Map results = config.getResults();
  63. ResultConfig result = (ResultConfig) results.get(result_name);
  64. Map params = result.getParams();
  65. String value = (String) params.get("actionName");
  66. if (value == null)
  67. value = (String) params.get("location");
  68. assertTrue("Wrong result value: [" + value + "]",
  69. result_value.equals(value));
  70. }
  72. public void testConfig() throws Exception {
  73. assertNotNull(configurationManager);
  74. }
  76. }

哦，測試透過！

10。看看錶示層是如何用的？
HelloWorld.jsp

程式碼
  1. <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
  2. <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
  3. <html>
  4. <head>
  5. <title><s:text name="HelloWorld.message"/>title>
  6. head>
  8. <body>
  9. <h2><s:property value="message"/>h2>
  11. <h3>Languagesh3>
  12. <ul>
  13. <li>
  14. <s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld">
  15. <s:param name="request_locale">ens:param>
  16. s:url>
  17. <s:a href="%{url}">Englishs:a>
  18. li>
  19. <li>
  20. <s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld">
  21. <s:param name="request_locale">ess:param>
  22. s:url>
  23. <s:a href="%{url}">Espanols:a>
  24. li>
  25. ul>
  27. body>
  28. html>

Login.jsp

程式碼
  1. <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
  2. <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
  3. <html>
  4. <head>
  5. <title>Sign Ontitle>
  6. head>
  8. <body>
  9. <s:form action="Login">
  10. <s:textfield label="%{getText('username')}" name="username"/>
  11. <s:password label="%{getText('password')}" name="password" />
  12. <s:submit/>
  13. s:form>
  14. body>
  15. html>

恭喜你！ 現在您現在已經可以用STRUTS2進行開發了！

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