SQL中的單記錄函式

1.ASCII
返回與指定的字元對應的十進位制數;
SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;
A A ZERO SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
65 97 48 32

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2.CHR
給出整數,返回對應的字元;
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C
-- -
趙 A

3.CONCAT
連線兩個字串;
SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'轉23' 高乾競電話 from dual;

高乾競電話
----------------
010-88888888轉23

4.INITCAP
返回字串並將字串的第一個字母變為大寫;
SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP
-----
Smith

5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
在一個字串中搜尋指定的字元,返回發現指定的字元的位置;
C1 被搜尋的字串
C2 希望搜尋的字串
I 搜尋的開始位置,預設為1
J 出現的位置,預設為1
SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING
---------
9

6.LENGTH
返回字串的長度;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;

NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾競 3 北京市海錠區 6 9999.99 7

7.LOWER
返回字串,並將所有的字元小寫
SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd

8.UPPER
返回字串,並將所有的字元大寫
SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD

9.RPAD和LPAD(貼上字元)
RPAD 在列的右邊貼上字元
LPAD 在列的左邊貼上字元
SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不夠字元則用*來填滿

10.LTRIM和RTRIM
LTRIM 刪除左邊出現的字串
RTRIM 刪除右邊出現的字串
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(' gao qian jing ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing

11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
取子字串,從start開始,取count個
SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('
--------
08888888

12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
string 希望被替換的字元或變數
s1 被替換的字串
s2 要替換的字串
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('H
----------
i love you

13.SOUNDEX
返回一個與給定的字串讀音相同的字串
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

XM
--------
weather
wether

14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
LEADING 剪掉前面的字元
TRAILING 剪掉後面的字元
如果不指定,預設為空格符

15.ABS
返回指定值的絕對值
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
100 100

16.ACOS
給出反餘弦的值
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927

17.ASIN
給出反正弦的值
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878

18.ATAN
返回一個數字的反正切值
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816

19.CEIL
返回大於或等於給出數字的最小整數
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
4

20.COS
返回一個給定數字的餘弦
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
-1

21.COSH
返回一個數字反餘弦值
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)
---------
242582598

22.EXP
返回一個數字e的n次方根
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

EXP(2) EXP(1)
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818

23.FLOOR
對給定的數字取整數
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
2345

24.LN
返回一個數字的對數值
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
0 .69314718 .99999999

25.LOG(n1,n2)
返回一個以n1為底n2的對數
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------
0 2

26.MOD(n1,n2)
返回一個n1除以n2的餘數
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
1 0 2

27.POWER
返回n1的n2次方根
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
1024 27

28.ROUND和TRUNC
按照指定的精度進行舍入
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
56 -55 55 -55

29.SIGN
取數字n的符號,大於0返回1,小於0返回-1,等於0返回0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
1 -1 0

30.SIN
返回一個數字的正弦值
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)
------------
1

31.SIGH
返回雙曲正弦的值
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

SIN(20) SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598

32.SQRT
返回數字n的根
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
8 3.1622777

33.TAN
返回數字的正切值
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20) TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083

34.TANH
返回數字n的雙曲正切值
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20) TAN(20)
--------- ---------
1 2.2371609

35.TRUNC
按照指定的精度擷取一個數
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
100 124.16

36.ADD_MONTHS
增加或減去月份
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
199910

37.LAST_DAY
返回日期的最後一天
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04

38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
給出date2-date1的月份
SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW
---------
-60

39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
給出在this時區=other時區的日期和時間
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_ang