sql load的一點小總結(轉)[@more@]

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以下是本人對sql load 的一些運用總結不足之處還多包涵

sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl

LOAD DATA

INFILE 't.dat' // 要匯入的檔案

// INFILE 'tt.date' // 匯入多個檔案

// INFILE * // 要匯入的內容就在control檔案裡下面的BEGINDATA後面就是匯入的內容

INTO TABLE table_name // 指定裝入的表

BADFILE 'c:ad.txt' // 指定壞檔案地址

************* 以下是4種裝入表的方式

APPEND // 原先的表有資料就加在後面

// INSERT // 裝載空表如果原先的表有資料 sqlloader會停止預設值

// REPLACE // 原先的表有資料原先的資料會全部刪除

// TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同會用truncate語句刪除現存資料

************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的開頭也可在表的內部欄位部分

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

// 裝載這種資料: 10,lg,"""lg""","lg,lg"

// 在表中結果: 10 lg "lg" lg,lg

// TERMINATED BY X '09' // 以十六進位制格式 '09' 表示的

// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 裝載這種資料: 10 lg lg

TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的欄位沒有對應的值時允許為空

************* 下面是表的欄位

(

col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 關鍵字此列的數值不會被裝載

// 如: lg,lg,not 結果 lg lg

)

// 當沒宣告FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 時

// (

// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' ,

// col_2 [date "dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' ,

// col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg'

// )

// 當沒宣告FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','用位置告訴欄位裝載資料

// (

// col_1 position(1:2),

// col_2 position(3:10),

// col_3 position(*:16), // 這個欄位的開始位置在前一欄位的結束位置

// col_4 position(1:16),

// col_5 position(3:10) char(8) // 指定欄位的型別

// )

BEGINDATA // 對應開始的 INFILE * 要匯入的內容就在control檔案裡

10,Sql,what

20,lg,show

=====================================================================================

//////////// 注意begindata後的數值前面不能有空格

1 ***** 普通裝載

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

(DEPTNO,

DNAME,

LOC

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,"""USA"""

20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

30,Consulting,Virginia

40,Finance,Virginia

50,"Finance","",Virginia // loc 列將為空

60,"Finance",,Virginia // loc 列將為空

2 ***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情況

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE

-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09'

(DEPTNO,

DNAME,

LOC

)

BEGINDATA

10 Sales Virginia

3 ***** 指定不裝載那一列

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

( DEPTNO,

FILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 將不會被裝載

DNAME,

LOC

)

BEGINDATA

20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

4 ***** position的列子

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

( DEPTNO position(1:2),

DNAME position(*:16), // 這個欄位的開始位置在前一欄位的結束位置

LOC position(*:29),

ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29)

)

BEGINDATA

10Accounting Virginia,USA

5 ***** 使用函式日期的一種表達 TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其實下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA後面的資料中是沒有直接對應

// 的列的值的如果第一行改為 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)", // 使用函式

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', // 日期的一種表達方式還有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等

ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000

20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999

30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000

40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001

6 ***** 使用自定義的函式 // 解決的時間問題

create or replace

function my_to_date( p_string in varchar2 ) return date

as

type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);

l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray( 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'dd-month-yyyy',

'dd/mm/yyyy',

'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss' );

l_return date;

begin

for i in 1 .. l_fmts.count

loop

begin

l_return := to_date( p_string, l_fmts(i) );

exception

when others then null;

end;

EXIT when l_return is not null;

end loop;

if ( l_return is null )

then

l_return :=

new_time( to_date('01011970','ddmmyyyy') + 1/24/60/60 *

p_string, 'GMT', 'EST' );

end if;

return l_return;

end;

/

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )" // 使用自定義的函式

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297

50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001

60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date

7 ***** 合併多行記錄為一行記錄

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

concatenate 3 // 透過關鍵字concatenate 把幾行的記錄看成一行記錄

INTO TABLE DEPT

replace

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales, // 其實這3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000

Virginia,

1/5/2000

// 這列子用 continueif list="," 也可以

告訴sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗號找到逗號就把下一行附加到上一行

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

continueif this(1:1) = '-' // 找每行的開始是否有連線字元 - 有就把下一行連線為一行

// 如 -10,Sales,Virginia,

// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000

// 其中1:1 表示從第一行開始並在第一行結束還有continueif next 但continueif list最理想

INTO TABLE DEPT

replace

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'

)

BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那樣使用

-10,Sales,Virginia, -10,Sales,Virginia,

1/5/2000 1/5/2000

-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001

Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001

8 ***** 載入每行的行號

load data

infile *

into table t

replace

( seqno RECNUM //載入每行的行號

text Position(1:1024))

BEGINDATA

fsdfasj //自動分配一行號給載入表t 的seqno欄位此行為 1

fasdjfasdfl // 此行為 2 ...

9 ***** 載入有換行符的資料

注意: unix 和 windows 不同 & /n

< 1 > 使用一個非換行符的字元

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS "replace(:comments,' ',chr(10))" // replace 的使用幫助轉換換行符

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales Office in Virginia

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting Office in Virginia

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting Office in Virginia

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance Office in Virginia

< 2 > 使用fix屬性

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo17.dat "fix 101"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo17.dat

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance

Office in Virginia

// 這樣裝載會把換行符裝入資料庫下面的方法就不會但要求資料的格式不同

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo18.dat "fix 101"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo18.dat

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,"This is the Sales

Office in Virginia"

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia"

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,"This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia"

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance

Office in Virginia"

< 3 > 使用var屬性

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo19.dat "var 3"

// 3 告訴每個記錄的前3個位元組表示記錄的長度如第一個記錄的 071 表示此記錄有 71 個位元組

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo19.dat

07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia

07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia

08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia

07140,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance

Office in Virginia

< 4 > 使用str屬性

// 最靈活的一中可定義一個新的行結尾符 win 回車換行 : chr(13)||chr(10)

此列中記錄是以 a| 結束的

select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual;

結果 7C0D0A

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo20.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME "upper(:dname)",

LOC "upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo20.dat

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia|

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia|

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia|

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance

Office in Virginia|

==============================================================================

象這樣的資料用 nullif 子句

10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.

10510-jan-200009945Spread over three meals.

id position(1:3) nullif id=blanks // 這裡可以是blanks 或者別的表示式

// 下面是另一個列子第一行的 1 在資料庫中將成為 null

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE T

REPLACE

(n position(1:2) integer external nullif n='1',

v position(3:8)

)

BEGINDATA

1 10

20lg

------------------------------------------------------------

如果是英文的日誌格式，可能需要修改環境變數 nls_lang or nls_date_format

sql load的一點小總結(轉)

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