sql loader的一點總結

tolywang發表於2005-03-16
SQL

主要討論control file 格式 .  


sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl
LOAD DATA
INFILE 't.dat' // 要匯入的檔案
// INFILE 'tt.date' // 匯入多個檔案
// INFILE * // 要匯入的內容就在control檔案裡 下面的BEGINDATA後面就是匯入的內容

INTO TABLE table_name // 指定裝入的表
BADFILE 'c:bad.txt' // 指定壞檔案地址

************* 以下是4種裝入表的方式
APPEND // 原先的表有資料 就加在後面
// INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有資料 sqlloader會停止 預設值
// REPLACE // 原先的表有資料 原先的資料會全部刪除
// TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現存資料

************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的開頭 也可在表的內部欄位部分
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
// 裝載這種資料: 10,lg,"""lg""","lg,lg"
// 在表中結果: 10 lg "lg" lg,lg
// TERMINATED BY X '09' // 以十六進位制格式 '09' 表示的
// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 裝載這種資料: 10 lg lg

TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的欄位沒有對應的值時允許為空

************* 下面是表的欄位
(
col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 關鍵字 此列的數值不會被裝載
// 如: lg,lg,not 結果 lg lg
)
// 當沒宣告FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 時
// (
// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
// col_2 [date "dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
// col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg'
// )
// 當沒宣告FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','用位置告訴欄位裝載資料
// (
// col_1 position(1:2),
// col_2 position(3:10),
// col_3 position(*:16), // 這個欄位的開始位置在前一欄位的結束位置
// col_4 position(1:16),
// col_5 position(3:10) char(8) // 指定欄位的型別
// )

BEGINDATA // 對應開始的 INFILE * 要匯入的內容就在control檔案裡
10,Sql,what
20,lg,show

=====================================================================================
//////////// 注意begindata後的數值前面不能有空格

1 ***** 普通裝載
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,"""USA"""
20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"
30,Consulting,Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia
50,"Finance","",Virginia // loc 列將為空
60,"Finance",,Virginia // loc 列將為空

2 ***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情況
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10 Sales Virginia

3 ***** 指定不裝載那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
( DEPTNO,
FILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 將不會被裝載
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

4 ***** position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
( DEPTNO position(1:2),
DNAME position(*:16), // 這個欄位的開始位置在前一欄位的結束位置
LOC position(*:29),
ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29)
)
BEGINDATA
10Accounting Virginia,USA

5 ***** 使用函式 日期的一種表達 TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其實下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA後面的資料中是沒有直接對應
// 的列的值的 如果第一行改為 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)", // 使用函式
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', // 日期的一種表達方式 還有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等
ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999
30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001

6 ***** 使用自定義的函式 // 解決的時間問題
create or replace
function my_to_date( p_string in varchar2 ) return date
as
type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);

l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray( 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'dd-month-yyyy',
'dd/mm/yyyy',
'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss' );
l_return date;
begin
for i in 1 .. l_fmts.count
loop
begin
l_return := to_date( p_string, l_fmts(i) );
exception
when others then null;
end;
EXIT when l_return is not null;
end loop;

if ( l_return is null )
then
l_return :=
new_time( to_date('01011970','ddmmyyyy') + 1/24/60/60 *
p_string, 'GMT', 'EST' );
end if;

return l_return;
end;
/

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )" // 使用自定義的函式
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297
50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001
60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date

7 ***** 合併多行記錄為一行記錄
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
concatenate 3 // 透過關鍵字concatenate 把幾行的記錄看成一行記錄
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales, // 其實這3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
Virginia,
1/5/2000
// 這列子用 continueif list="," 也可以
告訴sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗號 找到逗號就把下一行附加到上一行

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
continueif this(1:1) = '-' // 找每行的開始是否有連線字元 - 有就把下一行連線為一行
// 如 -10,Sales,Virginia,
// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
// 其中1:1 表示從第一行開始 並在第一行結束 還有continueif next 但continueif list最理想
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那樣使用
-10,Sales,Virginia, -10,Sales,Virginia,
1/5/2000 1/5/2000
-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001
Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001
8 ***** 載入每行的行號

load data
infile *
into table t
replace
( seqno RECNUM //載入每行的行號
text Position(1:1024))
BEGINDATA
fsdfasj //自動分配一行號給載入 表t 的seqno欄位 此行為 1
fasdjfasdfl // 此行為 2 ...

9 ***** 載入有換行符的資料
注意: unix 和 windows 不同 & /n
< 1 > 使用一個非換行符的字元
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'n',chr(10))" // replace 的使用幫助轉換換行符
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the SalesnOffice in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the AccountingnOffice in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the ConsultingnOffice in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the FinancenOffice in Virginia

< 2 > 使用fix屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo17.dat "fix 101"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo17.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia

// 這樣裝載會把換行符裝入資料庫 下面的方法就不會 但要求資料的格式不同

LOAD DATA
INFILE demo18.dat "fix 101"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo18.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,"This is the Sales
Office in Virginia"
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia"
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,"This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia"
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance
Office in Virginia"

< 3 > 使用var屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo19.dat "var 3"
// 3 告訴每個記錄的前3個位元組表示記錄的長度 如第一個記錄的 071 表示此記錄有 71 個位元組
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo19.dat
07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
07140,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia

< 4 > 使用str屬性
// 最靈活的一中 可定義一個新的行結尾符 win 回車換行 : chr(13)||chr(10)

此列中記錄是以 a|rn 結束的
select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual;
結果 7C0D0A

LOAD DATA
INFILE demo20.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo20.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia|
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia|
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia|
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia|





==============================================================================
象這樣的資料 用 nullif 子句

10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.
10510-jan-200009945Spread over three meals.

id position(1:3) nullif id=blanks // 這裡可以是blanks 或者別的表示式
// 下面是另一個列子 第一行的 1 在資料庫中將成為 null
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE T
REPLACE
(n position(1:2) integer external nullif n='1',
v position(3:8)
)
BEGINDATA
1 10
20lg

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/35489/viewspace-84223/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。

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