Linguistics-English-區分 that Vs. which + 定語(refine限定主句)從句 Vs. 同位語(expand擴充套件補充主句)從句

英語的“語法”適配“含義”

英語是一門語言，有豐富的含義；
“語法結構” 是與 “含義”適配使用的，而不只是背語法規則；

that(那一個/那些) Vs. which(哪一個/哪些)

that: 那一個，
which：哪一個；

• 非限定性的定語從句中，不用that;
• 能確定/限定“只有一個”時，只能用that ;
• 有“多個可選”時，that 與 which 都可用；

例如：

• He told me the truth that you don't know ✔
• He told me the truth which you don't know ✔

But,

• He told me the only truth that you don't know ✔
• He told me the only truth which you don't know ✘

定語(refine)從句 與 同位語(expand)從句

1. He told me the truth that you don't know.
   that 從句“you don't know”, 是對“truth”的refine(修飾限定精練資訊)；
   “you don't know ”是對“truth”的“修飾限定”，
   因此，是作為“定語從句”；

2. He told me the truth that you're a teacher.
   that 從句“you are a teacher”, 是對“truth”的expand(進一步補充與擴充套件資訊)；
   而且 “you are a teacher”與 “truth ”同等的，
   因此，是作為“同位語從句”；