Zabbix監控中對後臺MySQL DB幾張歷史大表依照時間進行分割槽無疑可以提高zabbix by時間查詢時的效能，可以在zabbix後臺DB在安裝之初就將table設定為分割槽表，也可以在使用一段時間後已經有時間的情況下設定table為分割槽表。

具體方法官方說明：

案例，這裡我們對已經使用zabbix一段時間的系統後臺MySQL DB中幾張大表修改到分割槽表步驟：

1. 停用zabbix服務

避免修改分割槽表時，資料還有寫入

# systemctl stop zabbix-server

2.備份MySQL zabbix DB

避免修改分割槽表後各類異常，以便回滾

查詢zabbix使用的db name:

# more /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

### Option: DBName
# Database name.
# For SQLite3 path to database file must be provided. DBUser and DBPassword are ignored.
#
# Mandatory: yes
# Default:
# DBName

DBName=zabbix --使用dbname為zabbix

備份db:

# mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uroot -pPassword --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 -R -E zabbix --log-error=zabbix0319.log > zabbix0319.sql

3.修改MySQL索引

首先確認zabbix版本是否為2.*或者3.0版本，這樣的話就需要重新建立index

# zabbix_server -V
zabbix_server (Zabbix) 3.4.15 ----3.4版本不需要重建index，直接可以執行第4步

----------------------------------------------------------------------

如果是 2.*或者3.0版本zabbix需要執行index重建，其它版本不需要：

mysql> Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);

mysql> Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

4.登入MySQL DB建立分割槽表修改及維護的指令碼

use zabbix;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
        /*
           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
           PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
        */
        /*
           Verify that the partition does not already exist
        */

        DECLARE RETROWS INT;
        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;

        IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
                /*
                   1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
                   2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
                   3. Execute the SQL from #2.
                */
                SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
                SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
                PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
        /*
           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
           DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
        */
        DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
        DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);

        /*
           Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
           in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
           a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
        */
        DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
                SELECT partition_name
                FROM information_schema.partitions
                WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;

        /*
           Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
           @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
           should be deleted.
        */
        SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
        SET @drop_partitions = "";

        /*
           Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
        */
        OPEN myCursor;
        read_loop: LOOP
                FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
                IF done THEN
                        LEAVE read_loop;
                END IF;
                SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
        END LOOP;
        IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
                /*
                   1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
                   2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
                   3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
                */
                SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
                PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
        ELSE
                /*
                   No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
                   that no changes were made.
                */
                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
        DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
        DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

        SET @__interval = 1;
        create_loop: LOOP
                IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                        LEAVE create_loop;
                END IF;

                SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
                SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
                IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
                        CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
                END IF;
                SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
                SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
        END LOOP;

SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
        DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
        DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;

        /*
         * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
         */
        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;

        /*
         * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
         */
        IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
                /*
                 * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
                 * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
                 * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
                 * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
                 */
                SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
                SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');

                -- Create the partitioning query
                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");

                -- Run the partitioning query
                PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 7);
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 7);
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 7);
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 7);
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 7);
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 7);
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 7);
END$$
DELIMITER ;

語法格式說明：
CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)

例， CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 7);

90: 意思是對history表未來保留90天分割槽的資料

24: 意思是對history表每24小時(1天)建立一個分割槽

7: 意思是對history表每次建立7個分割槽，如果每天執行儲存話，比如今天3月20號第一次執行儲存過程會建立3月20號到3月26號 7個分割槽，明天3月21號建立3月21號到3月27號 7個分割槽，但是因為21到26號的分割槽3月20號執行儲存過程時已經建立，就只會建立3月27號的一個分割槽。以後每天依此類推

另外，因為我們zabbix已經有歷史資料了，第一次執行儲存時會把所有的歷史資料全部放入第一個3月20號的分割槽中

5. 第一次手工執行儲存過程將table修改為分割槽表

#nohup /usr/bin/mysql -h127.0.0.1 -u zabbix -pzabbix -D zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');" >> ~/partition.log 2>&1 &

-u db賬號

-p db密碼

-D dbname

>> ~/partition.log 執行過程寫入日誌

因為zabbix有歷史資料所以第一次執行儲存時間較長，執行完成後檢視log:

# more /root/partition.log
nohup: ignoring input
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903200000,1553097600)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903210000,1553184000)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903220000,1553270400)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903230000,1553356800)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903240000,1553443200)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903250000,1553529600)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903260000,1553616000)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903270000,1553702400)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903280000,1553788800)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903290000,1553875200)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903300000,1553961600)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201903310000,1554048000)
msg
partition_create(zabbix,history,p201904010000,1554134400)
table partitions_deleted
zabbix.history N/A

也可在db中檢視table定義發現table已經改為分割槽表：

mysql> show create table history;

CREATE TABLE `history` (
`itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`value` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
`ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
KEY `history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (`clock`)
(PARTITION p201903190000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553011200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201903200000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553097600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201903210000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553184000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201903220000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553270400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201903230000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553356800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201903240000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553443200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201903250000 VALUES LESS THAN (1553529600) ENGINE = InnoDB) */;

6. 設定每日維護分割槽排程

# crontab -e
0 1 * * * /usr/bin/mysql -h127.0.0.1 -u zabbix -pzabbix -D zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');" 1>/root/partition_job.log 2>/root/partition_job.bad

每天凌晨1點執行儲存過程，新建分割槽和刪除歷史分割槽

7. 更改 Housekeeper設定

對zabbix 2.2以上版本，如圖在zabbix Web UI下“管理”-“一般”-“管家”中不勾選 “ 開啟內部管家 ”

8 . 關閉MySQL，重啟伺服器和zabbix服務

此次，zabbix後臺MySQL DB歷史資料表修改為分割槽表完成。

Zabbix系統MySQL資料庫分割槽表的設定--精簡說明

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