命令：

pv

pvcreate,pvremove,pvscan,pvs,pvdisplay,pvmove

gv

vgcreate,vgremove,vgextend,vgreduce,vgs,vgdisplay,vgscan

lv

lvcreate,lvremove,lvextend,lvreduce,lvresize,lvs,lvdisplay

1 建立LVM型別磁碟分割槽

[root@ray ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x9c871455

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 263 524 2104515 83 Linux

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): L

0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris

1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx

5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data

6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .

7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility

8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt

9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access

a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O

b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor

c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs

e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT

f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/

10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b

11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor

12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor

14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary

16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS

17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE

18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto

1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep

1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT

1e Hidden W95 FAT1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x9c871455

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 263 524 2104515 83 Linux

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x9c871455

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 263 524 2104515 8e Linux LVM

[root@ray ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb

[root@ray ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor #blocks name

8 0 20971520 sda

8 1 512000 sda1

8 2 20458496 sda2

8 16 8388608 sdb

8 17 2104483 sdb1

8 18 2104515 sdb2

253 0 18391040 dm-0

253 1 2064384 dm-1

2 PV

[root@ray ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2} 建立pv

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created

[root@ray ~]# pvs 檢視pv，size誤差在20%都在可接受範圍

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sdb1 lvm2 a-- 2.01g 2.01g

/dev/sdb2 lvm2 a-- 2.01g 2.01g

[root@ray ~]# pvdisplay 查詢pv詳細資訊

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name VolGroup

PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4994

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 4994

PV UUID JUPIw8-FmET-tSl1-zgcq-GL1L-OKpt-jTGJKR

"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "2.01 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdb1

VG Name

PV Size 2.01 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID bGhhum-4Rym-cn5f-QBUc-aRiq-3xUE-eFrwSy

"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "2.01 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sdb2

VG Name

PV Size 2.01 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID m6gZtj-RHZ6-Gt2h-LXXa-ckXg-z509-AiB1Cy

刪除pv

[root@ray ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g

/dev/sdb2 lvm2 a-- 2.01g 2.01g

[root@ray ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb2 刪除指定pv

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully wiped

[root@ray ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g

3 vg操作

vgcreate vg_name /dev/path

-s #: 指定PE大小，預設是4M

[root@ray ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb{1,2}

Volume group "myvg" successfully created

[root@ray ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0

myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 4.01g 4.01g

[root@ray ~]# vgdisplay myvg

--- Volume group ---

VG Name myvg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 4.01 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 1026

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 1026 / 4.01 GiB

VG UUID u5OKhA-pmYA-17Cn-mtBi-9a4B-QBZe-9chig5

[root@ray ~]# vgremove myvg 刪除vg

Volume group "myvg" successfully removed

[root@ray ~]# vgcreate -s 8M myvg /dev/sdb{1,2}

Volume group "myvg" successfully created

[root@ray ~]# vgdisplay myvg

--- Volume group ---

VG Name myvg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 4.00 GiB

PE Size 8.00 MiB

Total PE 512

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 512 / 4.00 GiB

VG UUID EfOh6p-zGyX-sH7h-vYEW-Qxa7-O8GA-gJmeCF

從當前vg移除pv

[root@ray ~]# pvmove /dev/sdb2 把指定的pv中的資料隨機移動到其他pv裝置中

No data to move for myvg

[root@ray ~]# vgreduce myvg /dev/sdb2 移除指定的pv裝置

Removed "/dev/sdb2" from volume group "myvg"

[root@ray ~]# vgs 檢視vg資訊，myvg已經只有一個pv,大小變為2G

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0

myvg 1 0 0 wz--n- 2.00g 2.00g

[root@ray ~]# pvs 檢視pv，sdb2不屬於myvg

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g

/dev/sdb2 lvm2 a-- 2.01g 2.01g

新增pv到vg

[root@ray ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2

Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created

[root@ray ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sdb2

Volume group "myvg" successfully extended

[root@ray ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0

myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 4.00g 4.00g

[root@ray ~]# pvs

PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree

/dev/sda2 VolGroup lvm2 a-- 19.51g 0

/dev/sdb1 myvg lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g

/dev/sdb2 myvg lvm2 a-- 2.00g 2.00g

4 lv操作

lvcreate

lvcreate -n LV_NAME -L #G LV_SIZE

lvextend

lvextend -L [+]# /path

-L +表示在當前size加#指定的大小

不寫+，表示擴充套件到指定的大小

resize2fs

resize2fs /path #

-p 表示能擴充套件多大就儘可能的擴充套件，不必指定擴充套件的大小

[root@ray ~]# lvcreate -L 512M -n testlv myvg 建立lv

Logical volume "testlv" created

[root@ray ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 17.54g

lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao---- 1.97g

testlv myvg -wi-a----- 512.00m

[root@ray ~]# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/testlv

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/myvg/testlv

LV Name testlv

VG Name myvg

LV UUID csX9GV-wTj7-Rpqj-oYVn-O97m-wuiE-o57CX9

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time ray, 2016-12-14 17:37:30 +0800

LV Status available

# open 0

LV Size 512.00 MiB

Current LE 64

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:2

掛載lv到目錄

[root@ray ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/myvg/testlv

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

檔案系統標籤=

作業系統:Linux

塊大小=4096 (log=2)

分塊大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

32768 inodes, 131072 blocks

6553 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一個資料塊=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=134217728

4 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304

正在寫入inode表: 完成

Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@ray ~]# mount /dev/myvg/testlv /mnt/

[root@ray ~]# mount

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)

/dev/mapper/myvg-testlv on /mnt type ext3 (rw) 藍色部分為裝置的真正路徑

移除lv

[root@ray ~]# umount /mnt/ 已掛載的lv，在remove前必須先解除安裝

[root@ray ~]# lvremove /dev/myvg/testlv

Do you really want to remove active logical volume testlv? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "testlv" successfully removed

[root@ray ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 17.54g

lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao---- 1.97g

擴充套件lv

[root@ray ~]# vgs 檢視vg是否有空間給lv擴充套件

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0

myvg 2 1 0 wz--n- 4.00g 3.50g

[root@ray ~]# lvextend -L 1G /dev/myvg/testlv 擴充套件

Extending logical volume testlv to 1.00 GiB

Logical volume testlv successfully resized

[root@ray ~]# df -h lv大小沒有變化

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 11G 5.5G 67% /

tmpfs 499M 80K 499M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot

/dev/mapper/myvg-testlv 504M 17M 462M 4% /mnt

[root@ray ~]# resize2fs -p /dev/myvg/testlv 擴充套件邏輯邊界

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/myvg/testlv is mounted on /mnt; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myvg/testlv to 262144 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/myvg/testlv is now 262144 blocks long.

[root@ray ~]# df -h 已經貨站到1G大小

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 11G 5.5G 67% /

tmpfs 499M 80K 499M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot

/dev/mapper/myvg-testlv 1008M 17M 941M 2% /mnt

[root@ray ~]#

縮減lv

注意：

1 不能線上縮減，先解除安裝

2 確保縮減後的空間大小依然能儲存原有的所有資料

3 在縮減之前應該先強行檢查檔案，以確保檔案系統處於一致性狀態

[root@ray ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 11G 5.5G 67% /

tmpfs 499M 80K 499M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot

/dev/mapper/myvg-testlv 1008M 17M 941M 2% /mnt

[root@ray ~]#

[root@ray ~]# umount /mnt/

[root@ray ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/testlv 前置檢查檔案

e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

第一步: 檢查inode,塊,和大小

第二步: 檢查目錄結構

第3步: 檢查目錄連線性

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

第5步: 檢查簇概要資訊

/dev/myvg/testlv: 12/65536 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 8384/262144 blocks

[root@ray ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/testlv 712M

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg/testlv to 182272 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/myvg/testlv is now 182272 blocks long.

[root@ray ~]# lvreduce -L 712M /dev/myvg/testlv

WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 712.00 MiB

THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)

Do you really want to reduce testlv? [y/n]: y

Reducing logical volume testlv to 712.00 MiB

Logical volume testlv successfully resized

[root@ray ~]# mount /dev/myvg/testlv /mnt/

[root@ray ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 11G 5.5G 67% /

tmpfs 499M 80K 499M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot

/dev/mapper/myvg-testlv 700M 17M 648M 3% /mnt

5 快照卷

1 生命週期為整個資料的時長，在這端時長內，資料的增長量不能超出快照卷的大小，最好和源卷大小相同

2 快照卷應是隻讀

3 跟源卷在一個卷組內

lvcreate -L # -n SLV_NAME -s -p r /source_lv

-s 表示要建立快照卷

-p 表示許可權

[root@ray ~]# lvcreate -L500M -n testlv-snap -s -p r /dev/myvg/testlv 建立快照卷

Rounding up size to full physical extent 504.00 MiB

Logical volume "testlv-snap" created

[root@ray ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

lv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 17.54g

lv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao---- 1.97g

testlv myvg owi-aos--- 712.00m

testlv-snap myvg sri-a-s--- 504.00m testlv 0.00

[root@ray ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0

myvg 2 2 1 wz--n- 4.00g 2.81g

[root@ray ~]# lvremove /dev/myvg/testlv-snap 刪除快照卷

Do you really want to remove active logical volume testlv-snap? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "testlv-snap" successfully removed

[root@ray ~]# vgs

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0

myvg 2 1 0 wz--n- 4.00g 3.30g

LVM

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