### 歡迎訪問我的GitHub
> 這裡分類和彙總了欣宸的全部原創(含配套原始碼)：[https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos](https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos)

- Mac下使用虛擬機器時，透過vagrant+virtualbox的組合是個不錯的方案，簡便快捷；
### 安裝步驟
- virtualbox官網下載，地址：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads ，如下，下載完畢後雙擊安裝：
![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190818112209179.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly94aW5jaGVuLmJsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- vagrant官網下載，地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html ，如下，下載完畢後雙擊安裝：
![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190818112629777.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly94aW5jaGVuLmJsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- 安裝完成後在命令列執行命令 **vagrant -v** ，檢視版本號如下：
```shell
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ vagrant -v
Vagrant 2.2.5
```
- 安裝完畢，接下來開始體驗；

### 體驗
- 注意： **體驗之前請再三確認virtualbox已經安裝成功，最好是雙擊圖示啟動virtualbox，確認能夠啟動成功；**

- 檢查已有的虛擬機器列表 **vagrant box list** ，提示還沒有任何虛擬機器：

```shell
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ vagrant box list
There are no installed boxes! Use `vagrant box add` to add some.
```

- 去虛擬機器映象倉庫找個合適的映象，地址是：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search ，如下圖，我們們用centos來完成初次體驗吧，點選紅框位置：
![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190818114903881.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly94aW5jaGVuLmJsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- 在新頁面中，點選下圖紅框中的"New"按鈕，即可看到使用該虛擬機器的命令：
![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190818122209749.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly94aW5jaGVuLmJsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- 按照上圖的提示，在命令列執行 **vagrant init centos/7，即可在當前目錄生成此虛擬機器的配置檔案Vagrantfile：

```shell
base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
```

- 開啟Vagrantfile看看，如下圖，只有少量資訊，看來主要用的都是預設配置：
![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019081812354292.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly94aW5jaGVuLmJsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- 執行命令啟動虛擬機器，接下來需要等待10分鐘左右，控制檯輸出以下資訊表示啟動虛擬機器成功：
```shell
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Box 'centos/7' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
    default: Box Provider: virtualbox
    default: Box Version: >= 0
==> default: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'
    default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7
==> default: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1905.1) for provider: virtualbox
    default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1905.1/providers/virtualbox.box
    default: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org
==> default: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v1905.1) for 'virtualbox'!
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '1905.1' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: 18_default_1566103400563_66799
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: 
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default: 
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default: 
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/zhaoqin/temp/201908/18/ => /vagrant
```

- ssh登入：
```shell
vagrant ssh
```

- 登入成功後，檢視虛擬機器作業系統版本，可見是centos7.6：
```shell
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
```

- 退出ssh，回到控制檯：
```shell
exit
```

### 基本命令
- 關閉虛擬機器：
```shell
vagrant halt
```

- 啟動虛擬機器：
```shell
vagrant up
```

- 重啟虛擬機器：
```shell
vagrant reload
```

- 刪除虛擬機器：
```shell
vagrant destroy
```

### 修改配置
- 接下來嘗試修改虛擬機器的配置檔案Vagrantfile，在Vagrantfile中新增如下圖紅框中的內容，作用是將虛擬機器記憶體設定為2G：
![在這裡插入圖片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190818162119252.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly94aW5jaGVuLmJsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQ=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

- 執行 **vagrant reload** 重啟虛擬機器，然後執行 **vagrant ssh** 進入虛擬機器，執行 **free -m** 檢視記憶體情況，可見設定已經生效：
```shell
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:18 zhaoqin$ vagrant ssh
Last login: Sun Aug 18 08:09:43 2019 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1838          70        1655           8         112        1624
Swap:          2047           0        2047
```

- 至此，Mac下的vagrant安裝和體驗就完成了，希望本文能給您一些參考，幫助您快速搭建虛擬機器環境。

### 歡迎關注ITpub：程式設計師欣宸
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Mac下vagrant從安裝到體驗

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