通過容器提交映象(docker commit)以及推送映象(docker push)筆記

散盡浮華發表於2018-09-06

 

在本地建立一個容器後,可以依據這個容器建立本地映象,並可把這個映象推送到Docker hub中,以便在網路上下載使用。

檢視映象
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu    16.04               7aa3602ab41e        5 weeks ago         115 MB

建立一個名為myubuntu的容器
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker run -ti --name myubuntu -d docker.io/ubuntu
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
651a8541a47d        docker.io/ubuntu    "/bin/bash"         37 seconds ago      Up 36 seconds                           myubuntu


docker commit :從容器建立一個新的映象。
# docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
-a :提交的映象作者;
-c :使用Dockerfile指令來建立映象;
-m :提交時的說明文字;
-p :在commit時,將容器暫停。

根據這個myubuntu容器提交映象
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker commit -a "wangshibo" -m "this is test" 651a8541a47d myubuntu:v1
sha256:6ce4aedd12cda693d0bbb857cc443a56f9f569106e09ec61aa53563d0932ea4d

再次檢視映象,發現映象myubuntu:v1已經提交到本地了
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
myubuntu            v1                  6ce4aedd12cd        59 seconds ago      84.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu    16.04               7aa3602ab41e        5 weeks ago         115 MB

在mybuntu:v1映象推送到docker hub倉庫中去
# docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
OPTIONS說明:
--disable-content-trust :忽略映象的校驗,預設開啟


首先是登入docker hub (使用者名稱:wangshibo    密碼:*******)
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username (wangshibo): wangshibo
Password: 
Login Succeeded

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker push wangshibo/myubuntu:v1
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/wangshibo/myubuntu]
An image does not exist locally with the tag: docker.io/wangshibo/myubuntu

這裡需要將ubuntu:v1映象改名,在名稱前加上自己的docker hub的Docker ID,即wangshibo

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker tag 6ce4aedd12cd wangshibo/myubuntu:v1
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
myubuntu             v1                  6ce4aedd12cd        6 minutes ago       84.1 MB
wangshibo/myubuntu   v1                  6ce4aedd12cd        6 minutes ago       84.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu     16.04               7aa3602ab41e        5 weeks ago         115 MB

再次進行推送(注意:下面的v1的tag標籤可以不打,預設是latest)。推送操作時間稍微會有一點長,耐心等待~
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker push wangshibo/myubuntu:v1            
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/wangshibo/myubuntu]
b5948ba9486d: Pushed 
8d7ea83e3c62: Mounted from library/ubuntu 
6a061ee02432: Mounted from library/ubuntu 
f73b2816c52a: Mounted from library/ubuntu 
6267b420796f: Mounted from library/ubuntu 
a30b835850bf: Mounted from library/ubuntu 
v1: digest: sha256:e9cd9075d262848a307c92751e1a5890d883b814a31abd118161442461a1ca2d size: 1564

最後登入自己的Docker Hub,即https://hub.docker.com/
登入後,在Repositories裡面就可以看到自己在上面推送的映象wangshibo/myubuntu:v1了,這是個對外的映象,可以在網路上下載。
在Docker hub上可以看到這個映象的下載命令(注意下載時跟上tag標籤,如果是latest的預設tag可以不跟)
也可以直接在Docker hub上刪除這個映象(Repositories-映象-Settings-delete)


比如在另一臺伺服器上下載這個映象
[root@kevin-test ~]# docker pull wangshibo/myubuntu
Pulling repository wangshibo/myubuntu
Repository not found

需要跟上tag標籤
[root@kevin-test ~]# docker pull wangshibo/myubuntu:v1
v1: Pulling from wangshibo/myubuntu
68e2a091ef24: Pull complete 
8f9dd35f6299: Pull complete 
a81a6171600b: Pull complete 
a211a2bc7010: Pull complete 
9e71a0b4f83a: Pull complete 
0cf75bb335aa: Pull complete 
c393a882769e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:845fa3dcc9d0de1b9c701e1009918995da35a29012015f6c297a05edc489e018
Status: Downloaded newer image for wangshibo/myubuntu:v1
[root@kevin-test ~]# docker  images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
wangshibo/myubuntu   v1                  c393a882769e        12 minutes ago      84.11 MB


在本機刪除這個映象
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
myubuntu             v1                  6ce4aedd12cd        15 minutes ago      84.1 MB
wangshibo/myubuntu   v1                  6ce4aedd12cd        15 minutes ago      84.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu     16.04               7aa3602ab41e        5 weeks ago         115 MB

注意上面有兩個6ce4aedd12cd的映象ID,此時直接使用這個映象ID是刪除不掉的
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker rmi 6ce4aedd12cd
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 6ce4aedd12cd (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories

應該先刪除docker tag改名前的映象,使用映象名稱刪除。(一般在docker tag映象改名後,最好刪除改名前的映象)
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker rmi myubuntu:v1
Untagged: myubuntu:v1
Untagged: wangshibo/myubuntu@sha256:e9cd9075d262848a307c92751e1a5890d883b814a31abd118161442461a1ca2d

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
wangshibo/myubuntu   v1                  6ce4aedd12cd        15 minutes ago      84.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu     16.04               7aa3602ab41e        5 weeks ago         115 MB

這個時候就可以刪除映象ID刪除了
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker rmi 6ce4aedd12cd
Untagged: wangshibo/myubuntu:v1
Deleted: sha256:6ce4aedd12cda693d0bbb857cc443a56f9f569106e09ec61aa53563d0932ea4d
Deleted: sha256:0ddeb6a16badd042914c2e72b9ef0331550c1cdcc4bdc6650a90cd9f57f1501b
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images          
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu    16.04               7aa3602ab41e        5 weeks ago         115 MB

=================================刪除映象失敗一例分享==================================

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

打算刪除掉docker的nginx映象, 但是發現這個映象就是刪除不了,加了-f強制刪除也不行,一直報Error: No such image的錯誤,
最後終於找到了辦法直接刪除檔案! 

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              62f816a209e6        7 days ago          109MB

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker rmi nginx
Error: No such image: nginx

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker rmi 62f816a209e6
Error: No such image: 62f816a209e6

[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker rmi 62f816a209e6 -f
Error: No such image: 62f816a209e6

如上,怎麼都刪除不掉nginx映象!!!!!

處理辦法:
[root@docker-test1 ~]# systemctl stop docker
[root@docker-test1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm: cannot remove ‘/var/lib/docker/containers’: Device or resource busy

刪除不了的原因是: 在建立容器的時候做了相應目錄的掛載,沒有解除安裝,所以Device or resource busy

解決辦法: 查詢掛載的目錄並解除安裝
[root@docker-test1 ~]# cat /proc/mounts | grep "docker"
/dev/mapper/centos-root /var/lib/docker/containers xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0
proc /run/docker/netns/default proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /run/docker/netns/a0626c54fd03 proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /run/docker/netns/b18072de4224 proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /run/docker/netns/b5298f643455 proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0
proc /run/docker/netns/9f5e97637c98 proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

[root@docker-test1 ~]# umount /var/lib/docker/containers
[root@docker-test1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker

[root@docker-test1 ~]# systemctl start docker

再次檢視就沒有這個映象了
[root@docker-test1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

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