kubeadm 搭建 K8s
本篇主要記錄一下 使用 kubeadm 搭建 k8s 詳細過程 ,環境使用 VirtualBox 構建的3臺虛擬機器
1.環境準備
- 作業系統:Centos7 (CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009)
- Master 主節點: 1臺 虛擬機器
- Node 計算節點: 2臺 虛擬機器
- K8s version:v1.23.5 (選的較新的版本)
- Docker version:20.10.14
虛擬機器建立我就不詳細展開了
2.虛擬機器網路配置(保證能訪問外網)
虛擬機器網路卡 選擇的是 1.網路地址轉換NAT (主要用來訪問外網的) 2.僅主機網路 (主要用來宿主機訪問虛擬機器的)
把對應的 ip 設定如下
kube-master 192.168.56.20
kube-node-1 192.168.56.21
kube-node-2 192.168.56.22
2.1 3臺虛擬機器 靜態ip配置
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none" #關閉
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="enp0s3"
UUID="35eac2d4-234d-4859-848e-ed2a30a64a81"
DEVICE="enp0s3"
#新增部分
IPADDR="10.0.2.20"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="10.0.2.2"
DNS1="10.0.2.3"
DNS2="114.114.114.114"
ONBOOT="yes"
cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s8
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #修改為 static 靜態ip
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s8
UUID=d06bac6d-294f-4bfe-bf08-5cb65c0a431f
DEVICE=enp0s8
#新增部分
IPADDR=192.168.56.20
PREFIX=24
ONBOOT=yes
2.2 虛擬機器hosts 配置
在 3臺虛擬機器 /etc/hosts 中配置 如下
192.168.56.20 kube-master
192.168.56.21 kube-node-1
192.168.56.22 kube-node-2
3.k8s 基礎環境設定
3.1 yum 換源(可選)
yum -y install wget
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
wget -O CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache #重新生成快取
3.2 關閉 selinux
setenforce 0 #臨時關閉
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config #永久關閉
3.3 關閉swap分割槽或禁用swap檔案
swapoff -a
# 註釋掉關於swap分割槽的行
yes | cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak
cat /etc/fstab_bak |grep -v swap > /etc/fstab
3.4 允許iptables 檢查橋接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
3.5 關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
3.6 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
4.kubectl、kubeadm、kubelet的安裝
注意 先換源 https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.64be1b11iddYWH 阿里換源文件
4.1 新增Kubernetes的alibaba yum源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
4.2 安裝 kubelet kubeadm kubectl
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
由於官網未開放同步方式, 可能會有索引gpg檢查失敗的情況, 這時請用 yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet kubeadm kubectl
安裝
4.3 啟動kubelet 服務
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
此時執行systemctl status kubelet
檢視服務狀態,此時肯定有錯誤(因為我們還未進行初始化操作),錯誤可使用journalctl -xe
檢視錯誤資訊。
5.Docker 安裝和配置
Docker centos 安裝文件 地址 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
5.1 Docker 安裝
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 也可以安裝其他版本 yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
# sudo yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io
#啟動docker
sudo systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
5.2 Docker 映象源更換
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://9xxxx1clo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] #請更換自己的 阿里雲映象地址
}
EOF
5.3 Docker 配置cgroup-driver
由於 cgroup-driver ,預設docker 是 cgroupfs ,而k8s 預設是 systemd,所以需要設定 docker 的 cgroup 為 systemd
推薦使用方式二進行修改
#檢視cgroup-driver
docker info | grep -i cgroup
# 方式一 追加 --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd 引數
sed -i "s#^ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd.*#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd#g" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
systemctl daemon-reload # 重新載入服務
systemctl enable docker # 啟用docker服務(開機自起)
systemctl restart docker # 啟動docker服務
# 方式二 修改docker配置檔案
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
5.4 拉取k8s所需映象
可以通過
kubeadm config images list
檢視 所需的映象
kubeadm config images list
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.5
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.23.5
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.5
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.1-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6
如果拉取不到映象 可以通過 去 docker hub 上查詢對應的 映象
docker pull k8simage/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5
docker tag k8simage/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.5 #重新tag改成上面所需的映象即可, 其他的都按照這樣來
Tips:
完成上面操作後 你可以通過 docker save 匯出映象,以後再用的時候 可以通過 docker image load < 進行離線載入映象
#匯出映象 ,批量匯出所有映象
docker save $(docker images --format '{{.Repository}}:{{.Tag}}') -o k8s.images.tar
#匯入映象 ,注意 是 < 不是 > 。。 > 後會導致tar 無法使用需要重新上傳
docker image load < ...tar/zip
6.kube-master 節點 初始化
我這裡選的是 flannel 網路外掛,先來看看 flannel 的配置檔案
6.1 檢視flannel 網路範圍
flannel.yml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
不同的 網路外掛 網路範圍不同
6.2 kubeadm init 初始化
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ #網路卡外掛的 網路範圍 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.20 #master 的 ip 地址
等一會就會有如下結果
可以把 kubeadm join 命令記下來 便於後面使用 儲存輸出中的kubeadm join
部分內容,用於新增node節點,或者使用kubeadm token list
和kubeadm token create --print-join-command
檢視
執行後續步驟,可以看到提示
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
6.3 網路外掛flannel 配置
前面提到了flannel 把對應的flannel.yml檔案下載到伺服器中,可以使用wget
可以看到 在沒配置 flannel 的時候 coredns 一直是 pending 狀態
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml #可能會下載不到,文章最後我會提供內容,直接copy過去即可
#Tips: 可能需要指定一下網路卡 ,在kube-flannel.yml中 - /opt/bin/flanneld args: 後面新增
#- --iface=enp0s8 # 需要指定網路卡,否則可能k8s會導致使用錯誤的網路卡
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml #應用該檔案
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide #檢視是否安裝成功,它會在 master 和 node 節點上都會自動部署
最後通過 kubectl get nodes -o wide 檢視 節點
7.kube-node 節點初始化
7.1 檢視token
可以通過該命令進行檢視 token
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
#kubeadm join kube-master:6443 --token ii5xyw.mywlktar1e8f60cu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:358f92418178342f79aa7b049e6c18a423f0fb88186189142459016fe6efb8e7
7.2 node節點上 執行 kubeadmin join
kubeadm join kube-master:6443 --token ii5xyw.mywlktar1e8f60cu --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:358f92418178342f79aa7b049e6c18a423f0fb88186189142459016fe6efb8e7
7.3 在master 上檢視結果
watch kubectl get nodes -o wide #可以通過watch 實時監聽 加入情況
至此使用 kubeadm 已經成功搭建k8s 叢集
總結
本篇主要講解了 如何使用 kubeadm 進行搭建 k8s 叢集 ,搭建的是 k8s 較新版本 v1.23.5 版本,使用kubeadm 搭建相對來說還是比較簡單的 。
k8s官網文件
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/
阿里 k8s 更換映象文件
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.64be1b11iddYWH
Docker hub 地址
https://hub.docker.com/r/k8simage/
Docker 安裝地址
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
flannel.yml 檔案
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
#image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.17.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.17.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
#- --iface=enp0s8 # 需要指定網路卡,否則可能會導致問題
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
歡迎大家訪問 個人部落格 Johnny小屋