SpringCloudAlibaba 微服務講解（二）微服務環境搭建

ityml發表於2022-03-23
SpringGCCloud微服務

微服務環境搭建

我們這次是使用的電商專案的商品、訂單、使用者為案例進行講解

2.1 案例準備

2.1.1 技術選型

  • maven ：3.3.9
  • 資料庫：mysql
  • 持久層：SpringData JPA
  • SpringCloud Alibaba技術棧

2.1.2 模組設計

  • springcloud-alibaba 父工程
  • shop-common 公共模組
  • shop-user 使用者模組
  • shop-product 商品模組
  • shop-order 訂單模組

2.1.3 微服務呼叫

在微服務架構中，最常見的場景就是微服務之間的相互呼叫。我們以電商系統中常見的使用者下單為例來 演示微服務的呼叫：客戶向訂單微服務發起一下單的請求，在進行儲存訂單之前需要呼叫商品微服務 查詢商品的資訊
我們一般把服務的主動呼叫方稱為服務消費者，把服務的被呼叫方稱為服務提供者.

2.2建立父工程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

對應版本：

https://www.cnblogs.com/onehm/p/13931711.html

2.3建立基礎模組

2.3.1 shop-common模組

  1. 在pom中新增依賴

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.79</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.49</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

  2. 建立實體類

    /**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.entity
 * ClassName：User
 * Description：使用者
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
 * -----------------------------
 */
@Entity(name = "shop-user")
@Data
public class User {
    @Id

    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private String telephone;
}

    /**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.entity
 * ClassName：Product
 * Description：商品
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
 * -----------------------------
 */
@Entity(name = "shop-product")
@Data
public class Product {

    @Id

    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private String pname;
    
    private Double price;
   
    private Integer stock;
}

    /**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.entity
 * ClassName：Order
 * Description：訂單
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
 * -----------------------------
 */
@Entity(name = "shop-order")
@Data
public class Order {
    @Id

    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long oid;

    private Integer uid;

    private String username;
}

2.4 建立使用者微服務

步驟：

  1. 建立模組
  2. 建立SpringBoot主類
  3. 加入配置檔案
  4. 建立必要的介面和實現類

建立一個shop-user模組，然後進行下面操作

  1. 建立pom

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

  2. 編寫主類

    package com.ityml;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml
 * ClassName：UserApplication
 * Description：啟動類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
 * -----------------------------
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class,args);
    }
}

  3. 建立配置檔案

    server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: service-user
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc://
    username:
    data-password:

  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

2.5 建立商品微服務

  1. 建立一個名為shop-product的模組，並新增springboot依賴

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
</project>

  2. 建立工程主類

    package com.ityml;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml
 * ClassName：ProductApplication
 * Description：商品主類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class,args);
    }
}

  3. 建立配置檔案application.yml

    server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc://
    username:
    data-password:

  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

  4. 建立ProductDao介面

    package com.ityml.dao;

import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.dao
 * ClassName：ProductDao
 * Description：
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

  5. 建立ProductService介面和實現類

    package com.ityml.service;

import com.ityml.entity.Product;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.service
 * ClassName：ProductService
 * Description：
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
public interface ProductService {
    Product findById(Integer pid);
}

    package com.ityml.impl;

import com.ityml.dao.ProductDao;
import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import com.ityml.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.impl
 * ClassName：ProductServiceImpl
 * Description：實現類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;
    @Override
    public Product findById(Integer pid) {
        return productDao.findById(pid).get();
    }
}

  6. 建立Controller

    package com.ityml.controller;

import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import com.ityml.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.controller
 * ClassName：ProductController
 * Description：主類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class  ProductController {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid){
        Product product = productService.findById(pid);
        return product;
    }


}

  7. 啟動工程

2.6 建立訂單微服務

  1. 建立一個名為shop-order的模組，並新增springboot依賴

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

  2. 建立工程主類

    package com.ityml;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml
 * ClassName：OrderApplication
 * Description：主類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);
    }
}

  3. 建立配置檔案

    server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: service-order
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc://
    username:
    data-password:

  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

  4. 建立OrderDao介面

    package com.ityml.dao;

import com.ityml.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.dao
 * ClassName：ProductDao
 * Description：
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Integer> {
}

  5. 建立OrderService介面和實現類

    package com.ityml.service;

import com.ityml.entity.Order;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.service
 * ClassName：ProductService
 * Description：
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
public interface OrderService {
    void save(Order order);
}

  6. 建立RestTemplate

    package com.ityml;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml
 * ClassName：OrderApplication
 * Description：主類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);
    }
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

  7. 建立Controller

    package com.ityml.controller;

import com.ityml.entity.Order;
import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import com.ityml.service.OrderService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * -----------------------------
 * PackageName： com.ityml.controller
 * ClassName：OrderController
 * Description：主類
 *
 * @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
 * -----------------------------
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 準備買一件商品
     * @param pid
     */
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public void Order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http:/localhost:8081/product" + pid, Product.class);
        Order order = new Order();
        orderService.save(order);
    }

}

  8. 啟動工程，通過瀏覽器訪問服務進行測試

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