tar命令可以為linux的檔案和目錄建立檔案，是linux中一款強大的解壓和壓縮工具。
語法
tar (選項) (引數)
選項
-A或--catenate：新增檔案到以存在的備份檔案；
-B：設定區塊大小；
-c或--create：建立新的備份檔案；
-C <目錄>：這個選項用在解壓縮，若要在特定目錄解壓縮，可以使用這個選項。
-d：記錄檔案的差別；
-x或--extract或--get：從備份檔案中還原檔案；
-t或--list：列出備份檔案的內容；
-z或--gzip或--ungzip：通過gzip指令處理備份檔案； -Z或--compress或--uncompress：通過compress指令處理備份檔案； -f<備份檔案>或--file=<備份檔案>：指定備份檔案；
-v或--verbose：顯示指令執行過程；
-r：新增檔案到已經壓縮的檔案；
-u：新增改變了和現有的檔案到已經存在的壓縮檔案；
-j：支援bzip2解壓檔案；
-v：顯示操作過程；
-l：檔案系統邊界設定；
-k：保留原有檔案不覆蓋；
-m：保留檔案不被覆蓋；
-w：確認壓縮檔案的正確性；
-p或--same-permissions：用原來的檔案許可權還原檔案；
-P或--absolute-names：檔名使用絕對名稱，不移除檔名稱前的“/”號；
-N <日期格式> 或 --newer=<日期時間>：只將較指定日期更新的檔案儲存到備份檔案裡；
--exclude=<範本樣式>：排除符合範本樣式的檔案。例子
- 將檔案打包
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -cvf file.tar somefile.txt # 僅打包，不壓縮
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -zcvf file.tar.gz somefile.txt # 打包後，以 gzip 壓縮
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -jcvf file.tar.bz2 somefile.txt # 打包後，以 bzip2 壓縮- 將壓縮包解壓
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -xvf file.tar # 解壓tar包
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -zxvf file.tar.gz # 解壓gzip包
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -jxvf file.tar.bz2 # 解壓bzip2包- 檢視tar包裡面的內容
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar -tvf file.tartar --help
[root@cinder01 ~]# tar --help
Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...
GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
restore individual files from the archive.
Examples:
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.
Main operation mode:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate append tar files to an archive
-c, --create create a new archive
-d, --diff, --compare find differences between archive and file system
--delete delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
-r, --append append files to the end of an archive
-t, --list list the contents of an archive
--test-label test the archive volume label and exit
-u, --update only append files newer than copy in archive
-x, --extract, --get extract files from an archive
Operation modifiers:
--check-device check device numbers when creating incremental
archives (default)
-g, --listed-incremental=FILE handle new GNU-format incremental backup
-G, --incremental handle old GNU-format incremental backup
--ignore-failed-read do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
--level=NUMBER dump level for created listed-incremental archive
-n, --seek archive is seekable
--no-check-device do not check device numbers when creating
incremental archives
--no-seek archive is not seekable
--occurrence[=NUMBER] process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file
in the archive; this option is valid only in
conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete,
--diff, --extract or --list and when a list of
files is given either on the command line or via
the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1
--sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
set version of the sparse format to use (implies
--sparse)
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
Overwrite control:
-k, --keep-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,
treat them as errors
--keep-newer-files don't replace existing files that are newer than
their archive copies
--no-overwrite-dir preserve metadata of existing directories
--overwrite overwrite existing files when extracting
--overwrite-dir overwrite metadata of existing directories when
extracting (default)
--recursive-unlink empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
--remove-files remove files after adding them to the archive
--skip-old-files don't replace existing files when extracting,
silently skip over them
-U, --unlink-first remove each file prior to extracting over it
-W, --verify attempt to verify the archive after writing it
Select output stream:
--ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children
--no-ignore-command-error treat non-zero exit codes of children as
error
-O, --to-stdout extract files to standard output
--to-command=COMMAND pipe extracted files to another program
Handling of file attributes:
--acls Save the ACLs to the archive
--atime-preserve[=METHOD] preserve access times on dumped files, either
by restoring the times after reading
(METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the
times in the first place (METHOD='system')
--delay-directory-restore delay setting modification times and
permissions of extracted directories until the end
of extraction
--group=NAME force NAME as group for added files
--mode=CHANGES force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
--mtime=DATE-OR-FILE set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
-m, --touch don't extract file modified time
--no-acls Don't extract the ACLs from the archive
--no-delay-directory-restore
cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore
option
--no-same-owner extract files as yourself (default for ordinary
users)
--no-same-permissions apply the user's umask when extracting permissions
from the archive (default for ordinary users)
--no-selinux Don't extract the SELinux context from the archive
--no-xattrs Don't extract the user/root xattrs from the
archive
--numeric-owner always use numbers for user/group names
--owner=NAME force NAME as owner for added files
-p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
extract information about file permissions
(default for superuser)
--preserve same as both -p and -s
--same-owner try extracting files with the same ownership as
exists in the archive (default for superuser)
-s, --preserve-order, --same-order
sort names to extract to match archive
--selinux Save the SELinux context to the archive
--xattrs Save the user/root xattrs to the archive
Device selection and switching:
-f, --file=ARCHIVE use archive file or device ARCHIVE
--force-local archive file is local even if it has a colon
-F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME
run script at end of each tape (implies -M)
-L, --tape-length=NUMBER change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
-M, --multi-volume create/list/extract multi-volume archive
--rmt-command=COMMAND use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
--rsh-command=COMMAND use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
--volno-file=FILE use/update the volume number in FILE
Device blocking:
-b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
-B, --read-full-records reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
-i, --ignore-zeros ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
--record-size=NUMBER NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
Archive format selection:
-H, --format=FORMAT create archive of the given format
FORMAT is one of the following:
gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format
oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
posix same as pax
ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
v7 old V7 tar format
--old-archive, --portability
same as --format=v7
--pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
control pax keywords
--posix same as --format=posix
-V, --label=TEXT create archive with volume name TEXT; at
list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern
for volume name
Compression options:
-a, --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression
program
-I, --use-compress-program=PROG
filter through PROG (must accept -d)
-j, --bzip2 filter the archive through bzip2
-J, --xz filter the archive through xz
--lzip filter the archive through lzip
--lzma filter the archive through lzma
--lzop
--no-auto-compress do not use archive suffix to determine the
compression program
-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip filter the archive through gzip
-Z, --compress, --uncompress filter the archive through compress
Local file selection:
--add-file=FILE add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name
starts with a dash)
--backup[=CONTROL] backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
-C, --directory=DIR change to directory DIR
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files, given as a PATTERN
--exclude-backups exclude backup and lock files
--exclude-caches exclude contents of directories containing
CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
--exclude-caches-all exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing
CACHEDIR.TAG
--exclude-tag=FILE exclude contents of directories containing FILE,
except for FILE itself
--exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE
--exclude-tag-under=FILE exclude everything under directories
containing FILE
--exclude-vcs exclude version control system directories
-h, --dereference follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
point to
--hard-dereference follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
refer to
-K,