11、Filter(重點)
Filter:過濾器,用來過濾網站的資料;
- 處理中文亂碼
- 登陸驗證...
Filter開發步驟:
-
導包
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編寫過濾器
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導包不要錯
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實現Filter介面,重寫對應的方法即可
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter { //初始化:web伺服器啟動,就已經初始化了,隨時等待過濾物件出現! public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化"); } //Chain : 鏈 /* 1. 過濾器中的所有程式碼,在過濾特定請求的時候都會執行 2. 必須要讓過濾器繼續通行 filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter執行前..."); filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); //讓我們的請求繼續走,如果不寫,程式到這裡就被攔截停止! System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter執行後..."); } //銷燬:web伺服器關閉的時候,過濾器會銷燬 public void destroy() { System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter銷燬"); } }
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在web.xml中配置 Filter
<servlet> <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/show</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/show</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.kuang.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <!--只要是 /servlet的任何請求,都會經過這個過濾器--> <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern> <!--<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>--> </filter-mapping>
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12、監聽器
實現一個監聽器的介面; (有N中)
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編寫一個監聽器
實現監聽器的介面...
//統計網站線上人數 : 統計session public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener { //建立session監聽:看你的一舉一動 //一旦建立一個session就會觸發一次這個事件! public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) { ServletContext context = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext(); System.out.println(httpSessionEvent.getSession().getId()); Integer onlineCount = (Integer) context.getAttribute("OnlineCount"); if (onlineCount==null){ onlineCount = new Integer(1); }else { int count = onlineCount.intValue(); onlineCount = new Integer(count+1); } context.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount); } //銷燬session監聽 //一旦銷燬session就會觸發一次這個事件! public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) { ServletContext context = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext(); Integer onlineCount = (Integer) context.getAttribute("OnlineCount"); if (onlineCount==null){ onlineCount = new Integer(0); }else { int count = onlineCount.intValue(); onlineCount = new Integer(count-1); } context.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount); } /* Session銷燬: 1. 手動銷燬 getSession.invalidate() 2. 自動銷燬 在web.xml中設定session過期時間 */ }
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web.xml中註冊監聽器
<!--註冊監聽器--> <listener> <listener-class>com.kuang.listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class> </listener>
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看情況是否使用!
13、過濾器、監聽器常見應用
監聽器:GUI程式設計中經常使用;
public class TestPanel1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("中秋節快樂"); //新建一個窗體
Panel panel = new Panel(null); //皮膚
frame.setLayout(null); //設定窗體的佈局
frame.setBounds(50,50,300,300);
frame.setBackground(Color.blue); //設定背景顏色
panel.setBounds(70,70,70,70); //設定背景顏色
panel.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//監聽事件,監聽關閉事件,使用介面卡
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
實現:使用者登入之後才能進入主頁!使用者登出後就不能進入主頁了!
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使用者登陸之後,向Session中放入使用者的資料
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進入主頁的時候要判斷使用者是否已經登入;要求:在過濾器中實現!
//ServletRequest HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; if (httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION)==null){ httpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/error.jsp"); } filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
專案全部程式碼:
public class Constant {
public final static String USER_SESSION = "USER_SESSION";
}
=============================================================
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//獲取前端請求的引數
String username = req.getParameter("username");
if (username.equals("admin")){ //登陸成功
req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION,req.getSession().getId());
resp.sendRedirect("/sys/success.jsp");
}else { //登入失敗
resp.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
==========================================================================
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Object user_session = req.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
if (user_session!=null){
req.getSession().removeAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
}else {
resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
===============================================================================
public class SysFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
/*
實現會員分級:
if (req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION).level==VIP1){
response.sendRedirect("/vip1/index.jsp");
}
if (req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION).level==VIP2){
response.sendRedirect("/vip2/index.jsp");
}
if (req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION).level==VIP3){
response.sendRedirect("/vip3/index.jsp");
}
*/
//ServletRequest HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
if (httpServletRequest.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION)==null){
httpServletResponse.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
}
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>錯誤</h1>
<h3>沒有許可權,使用者名稱錯誤</h3>
<p><a href="/Login.jsp">返回登入頁面</a></p>
</body>
</html>
====================================================================
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主頁</h1>
<p><a href="/servlet/logout">登出</a></p>
</body>
</html>
=======================================================================
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登入</h1>
<form action="/servlet/login" method="post">
使用者名稱:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
========================================================================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/logout</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>SysFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.kuang.servlet.SysFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SysFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/sys/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>