kubernetes執行應用1之Deployment

馬昌偉發表於2022-01-04

run 或create deployment 部署一個應用

kubernetes 部署 nginx ，使用 kubectl get deployment 時出現 No resources found in default namespace

結果驗證：
kubectl run mcw01_nginx --image=nginx #能get pod，但不能get deployment ，不能get replicaset
kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx #既能get pod ，又能get deployment，又能get replicaset

kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.7.9 --replicas=2 #它不能建立副本了，
kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx #那麼這個命令是否可以支援建立多個副本

首先我確保了master和nodes節點的正常執行，還有各個元件處於健康狀態
使用 kubectl 命令建立監聽 80 埠的 Nginx Pod（Kubernetes 執行容器的最小單元）
kubectl run mcw01_nginx --image=nginx --port=80
執行結果:

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.7.9 --replicas=2
Error: unknown flag: --replicas
See 'kubectl run --help' for usage.
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl run mcw01_nginx --image=nginx --port=80  #不能使用下劃線命名，但是可以用短橫線
The Pod "mcw01_nginx" is invalid: 
* metadata.name: Invalid value: "mcw01_nginx": a lowercase RFC 1123 subdomain must consist of lower case alphanumeric characters, '-' or '.', and must start and end with an alphanumeric character (e.g. 'example.com', regex used for validation is '[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?)*')
* spec.containers[0].name: Invalid value: "mcw01_nginx": a lowercase RFC 1123 label must consist of lower case alphanumeric characters or '-', and must start and end with an alphanumeric character (e.g. 'my-name',  or '123-abc', regex used for validation is '[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?')
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ 
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl run mcw01-nginx --image=nginx --port=80
pod/mcw01-nginx created

可以看到，這裡提示只是成功建立了一個pod 叫mcw01_nginx，在以往的版本中似乎會順便建立一個deployment，顯然這裡沒有

使用 kubectl get deployment命令檢視deployment

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
No resources found in default namespace.

問題就出現了，的確沒有，那我們就需要手動建立

使用 kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/mcw01dep-nginx created

再次使用kubectl get deployment檢視,可以看到已經有了一個mcw01dep-nginx 的 deployment

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx   1/1     1            1           48s

再次使用kubectl get replicaset看副本，有mcw01dep-nginx命名的副本

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d   1         1         1       6m26s

使用kubectl get pod也能看到mcw01dep-nginx命名的Pod。

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
httpd-app                         1/1     Running   0          3h12m
mcw01-nginx                       1/1     Running   0          3m55s
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running   0          94s
mcw1httpd-app                     1/1     Running   0          162m
nginx-deployment                  1/1     Running   0          12m

檢視剛剛部署的應用

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx   1/1     1            1           9m37s
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe deployment mcw01dep-nginx
Name:                   mcw01dep-nginx
Namespace:              default
CreationTimestamp:      Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:28 +0800
Labels:                 app=mcw01dep-nginx
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector:               app=mcw01dep-nginx
Replicas:               1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=mcw01dep-nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx
    Port:         <none>
    Host Port:    <none>
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  <none>
NewReplicaSet:   mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d (1/1 replicas created)
Events:
  Type    Reason             Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------             ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  10m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d to 1

檢視剛剛部署的應用的副本

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d   1         1         1       15m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe replicaset mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Name:           mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Namespace:      default
Selector:       app=mcw01dep-nginx,pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Labels:         app=mcw01dep-nginx
                pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Annotations:    deployment.kubernetes.io/desired-replicas: 1
                deployment.kubernetes.io/max-replicas: 2
                deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Controlled By:  Deployment/mcw01dep-nginx
Replicas:       1 current / 1 desired
Pods Status:    1 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=mcw01dep-nginx
           pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx
    Port:         <none>
    Host Port:    <none>
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  15m   replicaset-controller  Created pod: mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps

檢視剛剛部署的應用的Pod資訊

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe pod mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
Name:         mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         mcw9/10.0.0.139
Start Time:   Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:27 +0800
Labels:       app=mcw01dep-nginx
              pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.244.0.4
IPs:
  IP:           10.244.0.4
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   docker://374ff9c1a60e9562f7e05ec4eaa5150e3380b836a26f3b0fe565e6f9dea52cef
    Image:          nginx
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:30 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-h56zh (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True 
  Ready             True 
  ContainersReady   True 
  PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-h56zh:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  18m   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps to mcw9
  Normal  Pulling    18m   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
  Normal  Pulled     18m   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.193138975s
  Normal  Created    18m   kubelet            Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    18m   kubelet            Started container nginx

指定名稱空間的查詢Pod詳情，應該是一樣的

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                              READY   STATUS             RESTARTS          AGE
default       httpd-app                         1/1     Running            0                 3h31m
default       mcw01-nginx                       1/1     Running            0                 22m
default       mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running            0                 20m
default       mcw1httpd-app                     1/1     Running            0                 3h1m
default       nginx-deployment                  1/1     Running            0                 31m
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-2296m           1/1     Running            1 (9h ago)        13h
kube-system   coredns-6d8c4cb4d-lphb2           1/1     Running            1 (9h ago)        13h
kube-system   etcd-mcw7                         1/1     Running            3                 13h
kube-system   kube-apiserver-mcw7               1/1     Running            2                 13h
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-mcw7      1/1     Running            4 (9h ago)        13h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-5pxmj             0/1     Error              102 (5m12s ago)   8h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-8gzfq             1/1     Running            0                 9h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-s4qmj             0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   95 (62s ago)      7h46m
kube-system   kube-proxy-4lmsx                  1/1     Running            0                 8h
kube-system   kube-proxy-c5zmm                  1/1     Running            0                 13h
kube-system   kube-proxy-npmtv                  1/1     Running            0                 7h46m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-mcw7               1/1     Running            3 (9h ago)        13h
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe pod mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps --namespace=default
Name:         mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         mcw9/10.0.0.139
Start Time:   Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:27 +0800
Labels:       app=mcw01dep-nginx
              pod-template-hash=5dd785954d
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.244.0.4
IPs:
  IP:           10.244.0.4
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   docker://374ff9c1a60e9562f7e05ec4eaa5150e3380b836a26f3b0fe565e6f9dea52cef
    Image:          nginx
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Tue, 04 Jan 2022 09:49:30 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-h56zh (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True 
  Ready             True 
  ContainersReady   True 
  PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-h56zh:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  21m   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps to mcw9
  Normal  Pulling    21m   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
  Normal  Pulled     21m   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.193138975s
  Normal  Created    21m   kubelet            Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    21m   kubelet            Started container nginx
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$

對剛剛部署的應用做幾種資源的查詢

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx   1/1     1            1           23m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d   1         1         1       23m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod |grep mcw01dep-nginx
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running   0          23m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod -o wide |grep mcw01dep-nginx
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running   0          23m     10.244.0.4   mcw9   <none>           <none>
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces |grep mcw01dep-nginx
default       mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running            0                 24m

建立同名的deployment是不可以的

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx   1/1     1            1           31m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl create deployment mcw01dep-nginx --image=nginx
error: failed to create deployment: deployments.apps "mcw01dep-nginx" already exists

使用負載均衡模式釋出服務，讓外網訪問我的Nginx服務(docker)

kubectl expose deployment mcw01dep-nginx --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
mcw01dep-nginx   1/1     1            1           33m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl expose deployment mcw01dep-nginx --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer
service/mcw01dep-nginx exposed

檢視服務詳情

kubectl describe service mcw01dep-nginx
輸出如下：

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get service  #獲取服務資訊
NAME             TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes       ClusterIP      10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        13h
mcw01dep-nginx   LoadBalancer   10.96.184.54   <pending>     80:30102/TCP   74s
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl describe service mcw01dep-nginx
Name:                     mcw01dep-nginx
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=mcw01dep-nginx
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=mcw01dep-nginx
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.96.184.54
IPs:                      10.96.184.54
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30102/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.0.4:80
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

這裡我就可以利用節點的ip+暴露出來的埠檢測服務是否訪問成功

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod -o wide |grep mcw01dep-nginx
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running   0          43m     10.244.0.4   mcw9   <none>           <none>
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl  describe pod mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps|grep Node:
Node:         mcw9/10.0.0.139

由上找到服務所在的Node ip ,找到服務暴露出來的NodePort ,然後在外部就可以使用Node ip :NodePort來訪問服務
比如這裡的訪問：
我在master節點訪問node2節點上的服務，這個服務是node2ip,埠，對映到node2的應用docker上的80服務

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ curl 10.0.0.139:30102
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

筆記本瀏覽器上訪問：

進入服務所在的主機節點，檢視容器的ip,與之前看的容器ip等資訊一致

[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker ps|grep mcw01dep-nginx
374ff9c1a60e   nginx                                                "/docker-entrypoint.…"   49 minutes ago   Up 49 minutes             k8s_nginx_mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps_default_13d59a7a-c16f-44f1-b442-de7252ae4bac_0
388265797ee1   registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6    "/pause"                 49 minutes ago   Up 49 minutes             k8s_POD_mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps_default_13d59a7a-c16f-44f1-b442-de7252ae4bac_0
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 374 hostname -i
10.244.0.4
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 388 hostname -i
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "hostname": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown
[root@mcw9 ~]$

在Nginx服務的主機上，是能直接通容器ip的

[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 374 hostname -i
10.244.0.4
[root@mcw9 ~]$ docker exec -it 388 hostname -i
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "hostname": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown
[root@mcw9 ~]$ 
[root@mcw9 ~]$ 
[root@mcw9 ~]$ 
[root@mcw9 ~]$ 
[root@mcw9 ~]$ ping 10.244.0.4
PING 10.244.0.4 (10.244.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.244.0.4: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.256 ms
64 bytes from 10.244.0.4: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
^C
--- 10.244.0.4 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.059/0.157/0.256/0.099 ms
[root@mcw9 ~]$ curl 10.244.0.4:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@mcw9 ~]$

命令列部署多個副本的應用

部署多個Nginx，然後可以用上面那個例子，去做負載均衡了

[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
mcw-depcluster   3/3     3            3           92s
mcw01dep-nginx   1/1     1            1           61m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get replicaset
NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745   3         3         3       101s
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d   1         1         1       61m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
httpd-app                         1/1     Running   0          4h12m
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-258sz   1/1     Running   0          118s
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-q2785   1/1     Running   0          118s
mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-wrq74   1/1     Running   0          118s
mcw01-nginx                       1/1     Running   0          63m
mcw01dep-nginx-5dd785954d-sb8ps   1/1     Running   0          61m
mcw1httpd-app                     1/1     Running   0          3h42m
nginx-deployment                  1/1     Running   0          71m
[machangwei@mcw7 ~]$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                              READY   STATUS             RESTARTS         AGE
default       httpd-app                         1/1     Running            0                4h13m
default       mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-258sz   1/1     Running            0                2m49s
default       mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-q2785   1/1     Running            0                2m49s
default       mcw-depcluster-547cfdc745-wrq74   1/1     Running            0                2m49s

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