[20211108]索引分裂塊清除日誌增加(唯一索引)2.txt

lfree發表於2021-11-08

[20211108]索引分裂塊清除日誌增加(唯一索引)2.txt

--//連結http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2840853/ 測試了索引分裂時遇到的奇怪現象。
--//看看唯一索引發生分裂時發生的情況,上個星期的測試唯一索引時插入最大值,出現10-90分裂,沒有設計好,應該選擇50-50分裂
--//的情況。

1.環境:
SCOTT@book> @ ver1
PORT_STRING                    VERSION        BANNER
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx            11.2.0.4.0     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

2.首先確定索引分裂發生的位置:

SCOTT@book> create table t1 (id number,vc varchar2(100));
Table created.

SCOTT@book> create unique index i_t1_id on t1(id);
Index created.

SCOTT@book> insert into t1 select rownum,rpad(rownum,100,'x') from dual connect by level<=1e3;
1000 rows created.

SCOTT@book> commit ;
Commit complete.

--//分析略。注意不要遺漏這步,避免查詢取樣問題的影響。

$ cat treedump.sql
column object_id new_value m_index_id
select object_id from user_objects where object_name = upper('&&1') and object_type = 'INDEX';
alter session set events 'immediate trace name treedump level &m_index_id';

SCOTT@book> @ treedump.sql  i_t1_id
OBJECT_ID
----------
    329453
Session altered.

--//檢視轉儲檔案:
branch: 0x10002b3 16777907 (0: nrow: 2, level: 1)
   leaf: 0x10002b6 16777910 (-1: nrow: 578 rrow: 578)
   leaf: 0x10002b7 16777911 (0: nrow: 422 rrow: 422)
----- end tree dump
--//可以發現唯一索引每塊插入的記錄更多,這是因為唯一索引rowid部分(不包括data_object_id資訊)6位元組在鍵值前面,沒有長度指示
--//器,這樣每條記錄節約1個位元組,能容納更多鍵值。可以看出插入id=579時出現分裂。

3.開始測試:
--//truncate table t1;

SCOTT@book> insert into t1 select rownum,rpad(rownum,100,'x') from dual connect by level<=577;
577 rows created.

SCOTT@book> commit;
Commit complete.

SCOTT@book> insert into t1 select 579,rpad(579,100,'y') from dual ;
1 row created.

SCOTT@book> commit ;
Commit complete.

SCOTT@book> @  tix
New tracefile_identifier =  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/book/book/trace/book_ora_24971_0001.trc

SCOTT@book> @ treedump.sql  i_t1_id
 OBJECT_ID
----------
    329453
Session altered.

--//檢視轉儲檔案:
----- begin tree dump
leaf: 0x10002b3 16777907 (0: nrow: 578 rrow: 578)
----- end tree dump

--//注意不要提交,注意插入不是最大值,不會出現10-90分裂。
SCOTT@book> insert into t1 select 578,rpad(578,100,'z') from dual ;
1 row created.
--//注意不要提交。

SCOTT@book> select rowid,id from t1 where id in (1,578,579);
ROWID                      ID
------------------ ----------
AABQdBAAEAAAAIkAAA          1
AABQdBAAEAAAAK8AAy        578
AABQdBAAEAAAAK8AAx        579
--//可以看出id =1與後面插入的id=579,578記錄在不同一塊中,id=578,589在同一塊中。

SCOTT@book> @ tix
New tracefile_identifier =  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/book/book/trace/book_ora_24971_0002.trc

SCOTT@book> @ treedump.sql  i_t1_id
 OBJECT_ID
----------
    329453
Session altered.

--//檢視轉儲檔案:
----- begin tree dump
branch: 0x10002b3 16777907 (0: nrow: 2, level: 1)
   leaf: 0x10002b7 16777911 (-1: nrow: 298 rrow: 298)
   leaf: 0x10002b4 16777908 (0: nrow: 281 rrow: 281)
----- end tree dump
--//可以發現發生了索引塊分裂50-50,一塊佔298條(鍵值id=1-298),另外一塊281條,也就是id=578插入發生在dba=0x10002b4塊中。

--//開啟新的會話session 1:
SCOTT@book> @ spid
       SID    SERIAL# PROCESS                  SERVER    SPID       PID  P_SERIAL# C50
---------- ---------- ------------------------ --------- ------ ------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
        58       5409 24915                    DEDICATED 24916       28        174 alter system kill session '58,5409' immediate;
--//記下sid=58.

$ cat viewsessx.sql
column name format a70
SELECT b.NAME, a.statistic#, a.VALUE,a.sid
  FROM v$sesstat a, v$statname b
 WHERE lower(b.NAME) like lower('%&1%') AND a.statistic# = b.statistic# and a.sid='&&2'
      and a.value>0;

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194        724         58

SCOTT@book> select * from t1 where id=579;
        ID VC
---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       579 579yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194        724         58
--//日誌沒有增加。唯一索引的好處。

--//測試全表掃描呢?
SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194        724         58

SCOTT@book> select /*+ full(t1) */ * from t1 where id=579;
        ID VC
---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       579 579yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194        832         58

SCOTT@book> select /*+ full(t1) */ * from t1 where id=579;
        ID VC
---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       579 579yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194        940         58
--//可以發現全表掃描會出現日誌增加的情況。

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194        940         58

SCOTT@book> select  * from t1 where id=578;
no rows selected
--//看不見正常,因為沒有提交。

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194       1048         58
--//日誌增加,876-768 = 108.

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194       1048         58

SCOTT@book> select  rowid from t1 where id=578;

no rows selected

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194       1156         58
--//日誌增加。

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194       1156         58

SCOTT@book> select /*+ full(t1) */ * from t1 where id=578;
no rows selected

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194       1264         58
--//日誌增加。

SCOTT@book> select /*+ full(t1) */ * from t1 where id=678;
no rows selected

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                           STATISTIC#      VALUE        SID
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
redo size                             194       1372         58
--//日誌增加。

--//測試這裡基本情況與前面唯一索引看到的情況一致。
--//唯一索引帶來一點點好處就是查詢select * from t1 where id=:N; N=1-577,579 不會產生日誌.
--//而全表掃描select  /*+ full(t1) */ * from t1 where id=N1 ;會產生日誌
--// 當執行select * from t1 where id=578時 (該記錄未提交),一定會產生日誌,在唯一索引我給出解析。

--//仔細想一下當執行select * from t1 where id=578時,首先定位索引塊,透過undo重構索引塊沒有查詢到id=578的記錄,不用回表。
--//而全表掃描涉及全部資料塊,會觸控為提交的髒塊,會產生日誌。
--//而唯一索引的情況非常特殊select * from t1 where id=:N; N=1-577,579 不會產生日誌。

--//問題的源頭還是在於,oracle在掃描資料塊或者索引段如何知道索引塊發生了分裂,為什麼一些特殊情況下touch 對應資料塊以及索
--//引塊時要發生一次Block cleanout record,這樣設計的道理何在,那位給出合理的解析。

4.看看日誌轉儲內容。
--//這步不做了,情況與前面類似,就是產生Block cleanout record日誌。

5.想起以前的測試:
--//連結 http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2775396/=>[20210604]索引分裂與 itl ktbitflg.txt

--//轉抄 英文版PDF文件內容 P41:
Table 3-2. Columns in the Interested Transaction List
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column       Description
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
...
Flag         Bit flag identifying the apparent state of this transaction:  
             ----: active (or "never existed" if every field in the Xid is zero).
             --U-: Upper bound commit (also set during "fast commit").
             C---: Committed and cleaned out (all associated lock bytes have been reset to zero).
             -B--: May be relevant to the recursive transactions for index block splits. I have seen
                   comments that this flag means the UBA will point to a record holding the previous
                   content of the ITL entry, but I have not managed to confirm this.
             ---T: I have seen comments that this means the transaction was active during block
                    cleanout, but I have not managed to confirm this.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--//裡面提到-B--標識與索引分裂有關.裡面提到了recursive transactions,既然是遞規事務表示不會回滾的,應該檢視索引分裂時可以
--//看到這個標識.轉儲對應資料塊看看。

--//0x10002b7 = set dba 4,695 = alter system dump datafile 4 block 695 = 16777911
--//0x10002b4 = set dba 4,692 = alter system dump datafile 4 block 692 = 16777908
--//0x10002b3 = set dba 4,691 = alter system dump datafile 4 block 691 = 16777907

SCOTT@book> select rowid,id from t1 where id in (1,578,579);
ROWID                      ID
------------------ ----------
AABQdBAAEAAAAIkAAA          1
AABQdBAAEAAAAK8AAy        578
AABQdBAAEAAAAK8AAx        579

SCOTT@book> alter system checkpoint ;
System altered.
/
/

SCOTT@book> @ rowid AABQdBAAEAAAAK8AAx
    OBJECT       FILE      BLOCK        ROW ROWID_DBA            DBA                  TEXT
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------
    329537          4        700         49  0x10002BC           4,700                alter system dump datafile 4 block 700 ;

--//alter system dump datafile 4 block 691;索引的root節點。
Block header dump:  0x010002b3
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x50740  csc: 0x03.1dac5765  itc: 1  flg: E  typ: 2 - INDEX
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     brn: 0  bdba: 0x10002b0 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x000a.014.00037e64  0x00c00d30.1297.01  -BU-    1  fsc 0x0000.1dac5767
Branch block dump
=================
header address 140085000411724=0x7f6814b01a4c
kdxcolev 1
KDXCOLEV Flags = - - -
kdxcolok 1
kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y
kdxconco 1
kdxcosdc 1
kdxconro 1
kdxcofbo 30=0x1e
kdxcofeo 8048=0x1f70
kdxcoavs 8018
kdxbrlmc 16777911=0x10002b7
kdxbrsno 0
kdxbrbksz 8056
kdxbr2urrc 0
row#0[8048] dba: 16777908=0x10002b4
col 0; len 3; (3):  c2 03 64  --// id=299
----- end of branch block dump -----
--//注意FLAG=-BU-.

--//alter system dump datafile 4 block 692;
Block header dump:  0x010002b4
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x50740  csc: 0x03.1dac5957  itc: 2  flg: E  typ: 2 - INDEX
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     brn: 0  bdba: 0x10002b0 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x000a.014.00037e64  0x00c00d31.1297.02  CB--    0  scn 0x0003.1dac5767
0x02   0x0002.01d.00002f84  0x00c006bc.032a.1e  ----    1  fsc 0x0000.00000000
Leaf block dump
===============
header address 140085000411748=0x7f6814b01a64
kdxcolev 0
KDXCOLEV Flags = - - -
kdxcolok 0
kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y
kdxconco 1
kdxcosdc 1
kdxconro 281
kdxcofbo 598=0x256
kdxcofeo 4663=0x1237
kdxcoavs 4065
kdxlespl 0
kdxlende 0
kdxlenxt 0=0x0
kdxleprv 16777911=0x10002b7
kdxledsz 6
kdxlebksz 8032
row#0[4663] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6):  01 00 02 23 00 22
col 0; len 3; (3):  c2 03 64
...
row#279[8008] flag: ------, lock: 2, len=12, data:(6):  01 00 02 bc 00 32
col 0; len 3; (3):  c2 06 4f --//id=578鍵值
row#280[8020] flag: ------, lock: 0, len=12, data:(6):  01 00 02 bc 00 31
col 0; len 3; (3):  c2 06 50 --//id=579鍵值
----- end of leaf block dump -----

--//注意看ITL=0x01,flag=CB--. C表示已經提交,B表示遞迴事務索引分裂。也就是索引分裂不會回滾的。
--//0x0003.1dac5767 = scn(10): 13382735719 = scn(16): 0x31dac5767

SCOTT@book> select current_scn from v$database;
 CURRENT_SCN
------------
 13382739012

SCOTT@book> select  rowid from t1 where id=578;

no rows selected

SCOTT@book> select current_scn from v$database;
 CURRENT_SCN
------------
 13382739020

SCOTT@book> @ tix
New tracefile_identifier =  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/book/book/trace/book_ora_24916_0004.trc

SCOTT@book> alter system dump logfile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/redo02.log' scn min 13382739012 scn max 13382739020;
System altered.

SCOTT@book> alter system checkpoint ;
System altered.

SCOTT@book> alter system checkpoint ;
System altered.

SCOTT@book> @ tix
New tracefile_identifier =  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/book/book/trace/book_ora_24916_0005.trc

SCOTT@book> alter system dump datafile 4 block 692;
System altered.

--//日誌轉儲:
REDO RECORD - Thread:1 RBA: 0x0004b6.00002a4e.0010 LEN: 0x006c VLD: 0x05
SCN: 0x0003.1dac6449 SUBSCN:  1 11/08/2021 09:29:49
(LWN RBA: 0x0004b6.00002a4e.0010 LEN: 0001 NST: 0001 SCN: 0x0003.1dac6449)
CHANGE #1 TYP:0 CLS:1 AFN:4 DBA:0x010002b4 OBJ:329536 SCN:0x0003.1dac5957 SEQ:1 OP:4.1 ENC:0 RBL:0
Block cleanout record, scn:  0x0003.1dac6449 ver: 0x01 opt: 0x01, entries follow...
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
END OF REDO DUMP

--//dba=4,692轉儲:
Block header dump:  0x010002b4
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x50740  csc: 0x03.1dac6449  itc: 2  flg: E  typ: 2 - INDEX
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     brn: 0  bdba: 0x10002b0 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x000a.014.00037e64  0x00c00d31.1297.02  CB--    0  scn 0x0003.1dac5767
0x02   0x0002.01d.00002f84  0x00c006bc.032a.1e  ----    1  fsc 0x0000.00000000
--//注意看下劃線,改變csc的值。ITL槽資訊的Scn資訊並沒有修改,Itl=0x01事務(索引分裂)已經提交。
--//ITL=0x02事務還沒有提交。

--//alter system dump datafile 4 block 695
Block header dump:  0x010002b7
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x50740  csc: 0x03.1dac5775  itc: 2  flg: E  typ: 2 - INDEX
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     brn: 0  bdba: 0x10002b0 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x000a.014.00037e64  0x00c00d31.1297.01  CB--    0  scn 0x0003.1dac5767
0x02   0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000000.0000.00  ----    0  fsc 0x0000.00000000
Leaf block dump
===============
header address 140085000411748=0x7f6814b01a64
kdxcolev 0
KDXCOLEV Flags = - - -
kdxcolok 0
kdxcoopc 0x80: opcode=0: iot flags=--- is converted=Y
kdxconco 1
kdxcosdc 1
kdxconro 298
kdxcofbo 632=0x278
kdxcofeo 4557=0x11cd
kdxcoavs 3925
kdxlespl 0
kdxlende 0
kdxlenxt 16777908=0x10002b4
kdxleprv 0=0x0
kdxledsz 6
kdxlebksz 8032
--//該塊的csc應該沒有變化。 0x03.1dac5775 與 0x0003.1dac5767 僅僅相差8.

--//資料塊呢,oracle如何知道了索引發生分裂沒有提交,為什麼觸控髒塊時每次執行一次Block cleanout record,
--//alter system dump datafile 4 block 700 ;
SCOTT@book> @ tix
New tracefile_identifier =  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/book/book/trace/book_ora_24916_0007.trc

SCOTT@book> alter system dump datafile 4 block 700 ;
System altered.

Block header dump:  0x010002bc
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x50741  csc: 0x03.1dac6348  itc: 2  flg: E  typ: 1 - DATA
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     brn: 1  bdba: 0x1000220 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x0002.01d.00002f84  0x00c006bc.032a.1d  ----    1  fsc 0x0000.00000000
0x02   0x000a.00f.00037e62  0x00c00d2f.1297.06  C---    0  scn 0x0003.1dac5705

--//select /*+ full(t1) */ * from t1 where id=1;
--//alter system dump datafile 4 block 700 ;

Block header dump:  0x010002bc
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x50741  csc: 0x03.1dac67b1  itc: 2  flg: E  typ: 1 - DATA
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     brn: 1  bdba: 0x1000220 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x0002.01d.00002f84  0x00c006bc.032a.1d  ----    1  fsc 0x0000.00000000
0x02   0x000a.00f.00037e62  0x00c00d2f.1297.06  C---    0  scn 0x0003.1dac5705
--//注意看csc前面發生了變化。
--//我估計透過重構塊可以知道索引發生了分裂,至於為什麼做一次塊清除呢我還是不清楚。
--//我找到一個連結blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6b8448e70100lvht.html=>索引塊分裂引起的交易超時分析(二).
--//帖子是2010年的,說明很早之前就有人遇到類似的問題。

5.總結:
--//唯一索引分裂時估計影響小一點。
--//還是不清楚oracle為什麼要這樣設計,不管如何事務還是儘早提交。

6.補充:
SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                             STATISTIC#        VALUE          SID
------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
redo size                               194        23384           58

SCOTT@book> select * from t1 where id between  510 and 511 ;
          ID VC
------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         510 510xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
         511 511xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                             STATISTIC#        VALUE          SID
------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
redo size                               194        23492           58
--//可以看出索引範圍掃描就不行,redo增加。

SCOTT@book> select * from t1 where id =  510 or id= 511 ;
          ID VC
------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         510 510xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
         511 511xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

SCOTT@book> @ viewsessx 'redo size' 58
NAME                             STATISTIC#        VALUE          SID
------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
redo size                               194        23492           58
--//redo增加。
--//採用or 執行計劃是INDEX UNIQUE SCAN。
Plan hash value: 2204817227
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name    | E-Rows |E-Bytes| Cost (%CPU)|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |         |        |       |     1 (100)|
|   1 |  INLIST ITERATOR             |         |        |       |            |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1      |      1 |    65 |     0   (0)|
|*  3 |    INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | I_T1_ID |      1 |       |     0   (0)|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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