聚合函式在一系列的值上執行特定的運算,並返回單個值,如在給定元素的值上執行求和或計數運算。
LINQ共有7種聚合操作符:Aggregate、Average、Count、LongCount、Max、Min和Sum。
1. Aggregate
Aggregate操作符從某一特定序列或集合中收集值。當聚合完成時,它將序列中返回的值進行累積並返回結果。
1>. 原型定義
public static TSource Aggregate<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TSource, TSource> func);
2>. 示例
var expr = context.Categories .Select(c => c.CategoryName) .ToArray() .Aggregate((current, next) => String.Format("{0}-{1}", current, next)); Console.WriteLine(expr);
2. Average
Average操作符計算一個數值序列的平均值。
1>.原型定義
public static double Average(this IEnumerable<double> source);
public static double Average<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, int> selector);
2>.示例
int[] fibonacci = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 }; Console.WriteLine(fibonacci.Average());
var expr = context.Products .Average(p => p.UnitPrice); Console.WriteLine(expr);
var expr = context.Products .Select(p=>p.UnitPrice) .Average();
var expr = from p in context.Products select p; expr.Average(p => p.UnitPrice)
var expr = from p in context.Products select p.UnitPrice; expr.Average();
3. Count
Count操作符計算一個特定集合中元素的個數。
1>. 原型定義
public static int Count<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source);
public static int Count<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, bool>> predicate);
2>. 示例
int[] fibonacci = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 }; Console.WriteLine(fibonacci.Count());
var expr = context.Products.Count();
var expr = context.Products .Where(p => p.UnitPrice > 10m) .Count();
var expr = context.Products .Count(p => p.UnitPrice > 10m);
int[] fibonacci = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 }; var expr = from f in fibonacci where f > 5 select f; expr.Count();
var expr = from c in context.Categories select new { c.CategoryName, ProductsCount = c.Products.Count() };
4. LongCount
LongCount操作符會返回一個Int64型別的值,用來計算元素數大於Int32.MaxValue的集合的元素數。LongCount的使用方法與Count相同。
1>. 原型定義
public static long LongCount<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source);
public static long LongCount<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, bool>> predicate);
2>. 示例
var expr = context.Products .LongCount(p => p.UnitPrice > 10m);
5. Max
Max操作符返回一個序列中的最大值。
1>. 原型定義
public static TSource Max<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source);
public static TResult Max<TSource, TResult>(this IQueryable<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, TResult>> selector);
2>. 示例
int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int maxNumber = numbers.Max();
var expr = from p in context.Products select p; expr.Max(p => p.UnitPrice > 10m);
var expr = from p in context.Products select p.UnitPrice; expr.Max();
var expr = context.Products .Max(p => p.UnitPrice > 10m);
var expr = context.Products .Select(p => p.UnitPrice) .Max();
IEnumerable<Product> query = from p in context.Products where p.UnitPrice == context.Products.Max(product => product.UnitPrice) select p;
IEnumerable<Product> query = from p in context.Products where p.UnitPrice == context.Products.OrderByDescending(product => product.UnitPrice).First().UnitPrice select p;
6. Min
Min操作符返回一個序列中的最小值。
1>. 原型定義
public static TSource Min<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source);
public static TResult Min<TSource, TResult>(this IQueryable<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, TResult>> selector);
2>. 示例
string[] words = { "cherry", "apple", "blueberry" }; int shortestWord = words.Min(w => w.Length);
int[] numbers = { 5, 4, 1, 3, 9, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0 }; int minNumber = numbers.Min();
var expr = context.Products .Select(p => p.UnitPrice) .Min();
7. Sum
Sum操作符計算集合中選定值的總和。
1>. 原型定義
public static int Sum(this IQueryable<int> source);
public static int Sum<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, int>> selector);
2>. 示例
int[] fibonacci = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 }; var expr = from f in fibonacci select f; expr.Sum();
int[] fibonacci = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 }; var expr = from f in fibonacci where f > 5 select f; expr.Sum();
var expr = from p in context.Products select p; expr.Sum(p => p.UnitPrice);
var expr = from p in context.Products select p.UnitPrice; expr.Sum();